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我想問問你們,這三個人有什麼共同點?你們可能認得第一個人,我肯定你們都是「美國偶像」的狂熱粉絲。你可能不認得Aydah Al Jahani,她是一名參賽者,一個在「百萬詩人」比賽中進入決賽的選手。這個比賽在阿布達比之外的地方也有播放,整個阿拉伯世界都能觀看。在這個比賽中,人們需要寫詩,並朗讀出來,要遵循Nabati形式來寫,這是一種傳統的貝都因形式。Lima Sahar在「阿富汗之星」歌唱大賽中進入了決賽。
在我繼續講下去之前,是的,我知道,這都是從「英國星光大道」開始。但我想討論這個的原因是要讓你們看到——我希望我可以。這些基於個人長處的比賽,是每個人都可以平等參與的,通過手機短信投票選出冠軍,這些比賽正在改變部落社群。我要重點說說阿富汗,還有包括阿拉伯聯合大公國在內的阿拉伯世界。它們如何改變部落群體,不是靠引入西方思想,而是通過融合這些地方的語言。
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以下為系統擷取之英文原文
I'd like to ask you, what do these three people have in common? Well, you probably recognize the first person. I'm sure you're all avid "American Idol" watchers. You you might not recognize Aydah Al Jahani, who is a contestant, indeed a finalist in the Poet of the Millions competition, which is broadcast out of Abu Dahbi, and seen throughout the Arab world. In this contest people have to write and recite original poetry, in the Nabati form of poetry, which is the traditional Bedouin form. And Lima Sahar was a finalist in the Afghan Star singing competition.
Now, before I go any further, yes, I know it all began with "Britain's Got Talent." But my point in discussing this is to show you -- I hope I'll be able to show you how these merit-based competitions, with equal access to everyone, with the winner selected via voting by SMS, are changing tribal societies. And I'm going to focus on Afghanistan and the Arab world with the UAE, how they're changing tribal societies, not by introducing Western ideas, but by being integrated into the language in those places.
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這一切都從娛樂開始。(影片聲音)看「阿富汗之星」要遲了,我們正要趕去看「阿富汗之星」。我們遲了,我們跑太慢了,我們非得看到「阿富汗之星」不可。這些節目正以驚人的速度深入到社會裏。在阿富汗,人們通過各種方法觀看這個節目,你不需要有自己的電視機,在全國各地都能觀看,在公眾場所也可以看到。但這不僅是觀看,人們也變成競賽中的一員。人們很投入,還有志願者,像政治志願者那樣分佈在郊區,為他們支持的候選人拉票,參賽者也站出來宣傳自己。
當然也有一定種族忠誠度,但不是完全地,因為每年的冠軍都來自不同部落。機會放在眼前,特別對於女性。在最後一季,有兩名女性進入決賽,其中一個是Lima Sahar,她是來自坎大哈的普什圖人,這是一個很保守的地區。這是她在「阿富汗之星」的紀錄片裏說到,她的朋友如何力勸她不要參賽,並說她為了民主而離開他們。但她還說,她知道塔利班成員正通過手機短信投票支持她。
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It all begins with enjoyment. These programs are reaching incredibly deeply into society. In Afghanistan, people go to extraordinary lengths to be able to watch this program. And you don't necessarily have to have your own TV set. People watch it all over the country also in public places. But it goes beyond watching, because also, part of this is campaigning. People become so engaged that they have volunteers, just like political volunteers anyway, who fan out over the countryside, campaigning for their candidate. Contestants also put themselves forward.
Now, of course, there is a certain degree of ethnic allegiance, but not entirely. Because each year the winner has come from a different tribal group. This has opened up the door, particularly for women. And in the last season there were two women in the finalists. One of them, Lima Sahar, is a Pashtun from Kandahar, a very conservative part of the country. And here she relates, in the documentary film Afghan Star, how her friends urged her not to do this and told her that she was leaving them for democracy. But she also confides that she knows that members of the Taliban are actually SMS-ing votes in for her.
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Aydah Al Jahnani也冒險站出來參加「百萬詩人」的比賽。我必須說一句,她丈夫從一開始就支持她,但她的部落和家庭勸她不要參加,並且非常反對。但當她一開始勝利,他們就轉而支持她。這說明了競爭和勝利是普世的人類價值。她站出來了,她的詩是關於女性以及社會中的女性生活。她講述了自己,並與男性競爭。這裏看到節目的投票情況,這為年輕女性樹立一個很重要的榜樣。節目現場觀眾中有年輕女性,在阿布達比,在電視觀眾中也有。
現在你可能會想「美國偶像」可以帶來一定的美國化,但實際上剛好相反。將這種引人注目的流行模式引入傳統的當地文化上,確實在波斯灣地區再次強烈激發人們對Nabati詩的興趣,以及對傳統服裝、舞蹈和音樂的興趣。對於阿富汗人而言,多年來塔利班禁除音樂。這個節目再次引入了傳統音樂,他們不唱流行曲,而是唱阿富汗民歌。他們還學會了如何優雅地輸掉比賽,並不向冠軍報復。(笑聲)這不是小事。決賽有點模仿「美國偶像」的模式。阿富汗剛出現一個叫「參賽者」的新節目。在這個節目裏,人們出席政策論壇並投票。很多人年齡太小,不能競選總統,但通過在論壇提出問題,他們正影響總統競選。因此對我而言,看不見的東西的本質,就是真實的電視節目如何操縱現實。謝謝。(掌聲)
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Aydah Al Jahnani also took risks, and put herself out, to compete in the Poet of the Millions competition. I have to say, her husband backed her from the start. But her tribe and family urged her not to compete and were very much against it. But, once she started to win, then they got behind her again. It turns out that competition and winning is a universal human value. And she's out there. Her poetry is about women, and the life of women in society. So just by presenting herself, and being in competition with men -- this shows the voting on the program -- it sets a very important example for young women -- these are young women in the audience of the program -- in Abu Dahbi, but also people in the viewing audience.
ow you'd think that "American Idol" would introduce a measure of Americanization. But actually, just the opposite is happening. By using this engaging popular format for traditional, local culture, it actually, in the Gulf, is precipitating a revival of interest in Nabati poetry, also in traditional dress and dance and music. And for Afghanistan where the Taliban banned music for many years, it is reintroducing their traditional music. They don't sing pop songs, they sing Afghan music. And they also have learned how to lose gracefully, without avenging the winner. (Laughter) No small thing.
And the final, sort of, formulation of this "American Idol" format, which has just appeared in Afghanistan, is a new program called "The Candidate." And in this program people present policy platforms that are then voted on. Many of them are too young to run for president. But by putting the issues out there, they are influencing the presidential race. So for me, the substance of things unseen, is how reality TV is driving reality. Thank you. (Applause)