-
當我們想到繪製城市地圖時,往往會想到道路、街區及建築物,以及形成這一切的起源。你或許會想到都市設計師的大膽願景,但還有其他繪製及展現城市的方式。今天我想向你們展示一種新地圖,這並非地理圖,而是我的家鄉馬里蘭州巴爾的摩市的人際關係圖。你們在這裡看見的每個點都代表一個人,每條線代表這些人之間的關係,每種顏色代表人際網路上的某個社群。
展開英文
收合英文
-
When we think about mapping cities, we tend to think about roads and streets and buildings, and the settlement narrative that led to their creation, or you might think about the bold vision of an urban designer, but there's other ways to think about mapping cities and how they got to be made. Today, I want to show you a new kind of map. This is not a geographic map. This is a map of the relationships between people in my hometown of Baltimore, Maryland, and what you can see here is that each dot represents a person, each line represents a relationship between those people, and each color represents a community within the network.
-
好,我屬於綠色這一區,即下方最右邊的技術宅族群,TEDx也在下方最右邊(笑聲)。好,網路另一邊主要是非裔及拉丁裔族群,他們與技術宅所關注的事物大不相同,但我想讓你們稍微理解網路上綠色部份-當地人稱之為小巴爾的摩。因為我們就像住在一座非常小的城鎮,我們總是遇見相同的人,但那是因為我們並未真正探索這座城市的深度與廣度。網路另一端是對嘻哈音樂之類的事物感興趣的人,他們甚至將自己視為生活在大華府地區的人,而非生活在巴爾的摩的人。但在中間,你們可以看見有某種東西將兩個族群連繫在一起,那就是運動。我們有巴爾的摩金鶯隊、巴爾的摩烏鴉美式足球隊、奧運選手麥可.菲爾普斯及Under Armour-你們或許聽過,一間巴爾的摩公司。運動族群是連接網路兩端唯一的橋樑。
展開英文
收合英文
-
Now, I'm here on the green side, down on the far right where the geeks are, and TEDx also is down on the far right. (Laughter) Now, on the other side of the network, you tend to have primarily African-American and Latino folks who are really concerned about somewhat different things than the geeks are, but just to give some sense, the green part of the network we call Smalltimore, for those of us that inhabit it,because it seems as though we're living in a very small town. We see the same people over and over again, but that's because we're not really exploring the full depth and breadth of the city. On the other end of the network, you have folks who are interested in things like hip-hop music and they even identify with living in the DC/Maryland/Virginia area over, say, the Baltimore city designation proper. But in the middle, you see that there's something that connects the two communities together, and that's sports. We have the Baltimore Orioles, the Baltimore Ravens football team, Michael Phelps, the Olympian. Under Armour, you may have heard of, is a Baltimore company, and that community of sports acts as the only bridge between these two ends of the network.
-
再來看看舊金山。你們可以看見舊金山的情況略有不同,一方面確實有巴爾的摩及其他城市多半存在的媒體、政治及新聞族群,但也有相當顯著的技術宅族群,大概佔了網路上半部,甚至還有一個相當突出而顯著的族群,我們看得出那是Twitter員工,位於技術宅旁邊、位於遊戲玩家與技術宅之間、位於嘻哈族群的另一端。因此你們可以看見我們耳聞的舊金山緊張情勢-此處的居民貴族化及創造財富的科技新貴公司移入這個城市。這些情況都是真實的,你們可以從這張圖看出。你們可以看見LGBT(男女同性戀、雙性戀、跨性別者)族群與技術宅族群相處得不是很融洽,還有藝術族群、音樂族群,因此產生了這個:「Evict Twitter(驅逐推特)」。有人幾星期前傳了這張照片給我,顯示了舊金山當地的情況,我認為你們確實能透過這樣的地圖試著瞭解情況。
展開英文
收合英文
-
Let's take a look at San Francisco. You see something a little bit different happening in San Francisco. On the one hand, you do have the media, politics and news lobe that tends to exist in Baltimore and other cities, but you also have this very predominant group of geeks and techies that are sort of taking over the top half of the network, and there's even a group that's so distinct and clear that we can identify it as Twitter employees, next to the geeks, in between the gamers and the geeks, at the opposite end of the hip-hop spectrum. So you can see, though, that the tensions that we've heard about in San Francisco in terms of people being concerned about gentrification and all the new tech companies that are bringing new wealth and settlement into the city are real, and you can actually see that documented here. You can see the LGBT community is not really getting along with the geek community that well, the arts community, the music community. And so it leads to things like this. ["Evict Twitter"] Somebody sent me this photo a few weeks ago, and it shows what is happening on the ground in San Francisco, and I think you can actually try to understand that through looking at a map like this.
-
再來看里約熱內盧。過去幾星期我收集了里約的資料,其中最令我印象深刻的是所有族群的界線不是很清楚。這是一個相當混雜的城市,與巴爾的摩和舊金山大不相同。其中仍存在政府、新聞、政治、專欄作家等相關族群,TEDxRio在右下方,與部落客及作家相鄰。但也有一群相當多樣化的人,對各種不同的音樂感興趣,甚至也有小賈斯汀的粉絲、其他男孩團體、鄉村歌手、福音音樂、放克、饒舌及單人脫口秀,甚至還有涉及毒品與笑話的區域。多酷啊!其中也有佛朗明哥足球隊區域。因此同樣存在運動、公民、藝術與音樂族群,但分佈方式卻截然不同。我想這或許符合我們對里約的印象-一個擁有多元文化與多元音樂的城市。
展開英文
收合英文
-
Let's take a look at Rio de Janeiro. I spent the last few weeks gathering data about Rio, and one of the things that stood out to me about this city is that everything's really kind of mixed up. It's a very heterogenous city in a way that Baltimore or San Francisco is not. You still have the lobe of people involved with government, newspapers, politics, columnists. TEDxRio is down in the lower right, right next to bloggers and writers. But then you also have this tremendous diversity of people that are interested in different kinds of music. Even Justin Bieber fans are represented here. Other boy bands, country singers, gospel music, funk and rap and stand-up comedy, and there's even a whole section around drugs and jokes. How cool is that? And then the Flamengo football team is also represented here. So you have that same kind of spread of sports and civics and the arts and music, but it's represented in a very different way, and I think that maybe fits with our understanding of Rio as being a very multicultural, musically diverse city.
-
因此我們得到這些資料,現在我們擁有關於這座城市相當豐富的資料,也許甚至比之前任何類型的資料更加豐富。因此我們該如何利用它?好,我認為我們可以先試著瞭解隔離是一種社會構造,我們可以選擇做或不做。如果你稍微思考這一點,我們藉由這組資料所做的就像將太空望遠鏡對準一座城市,將它視為一間龐大的高中自助餐廳,觀察每個人如何安排自己的座位。也許是重新安排座位的時候了。
展開英文
收合英文
-
So we have all this data. It's an incredibly rich set of data that we have about cities now, maybe even richer than any data set that we've ever had before. So what can we do with it? Well, I think the first thing that we can try to understand is that segregation is a social construct. It's something that we choose to do, and we could choose not to do it, and if you kind of think about it, what we're doing with this data is aiming a space telescope at a city and looking at it as if was a giant high school cafeteria, and seeing how everybody arranged themselves in a seating chart. Well maybe it's time to shake up the seating chart a little bit.
-
我們開始瞭解的另一件事是,用種族代表多樣性是相當糟的方式。整張地圖上散布著各式各樣的人種,僅藉由種族無法瞭解多樣性的真正發展。因此如果我們試著用多樣性作為解決某些較為棘手問題的方法,我們必須開始以新方式思考多樣性。最後我們將擁有進行干預的能力,以新方法開始重塑我們的城市。我相信如果我們擁有那種能力,甚至得背負起這麼做的責任。
展開英文
收合英文
-
The other thing that we start to realize is that race is a really poor proxy for diversity. We've got people represented from all different types of races across the entire map here -- only looking at race doesn't really contribute to our development of diversity. So if we're trying to use diversity as a way to tackle some of our more intractable problems, we need to start to think about diversity in a new way. And lastly, we have the ability to create interventions to start to reshape our cities in a new way, and I believe that if we have that capability,we may even bear some responsibility to do so.
-
所以什麼是城市?我想有些人或許會說它是地理區域或街道及建築物的組合,但我認為城市是所有居民關係的總和。我相信如果我們能著手以實際方法記錄這些關係,或許我們真的有機會創造心目中理想的城市。謝謝。(掌聲)
展開英文
收合英文
-
So what is a city? I think some might say that it is a geographical area or a collection of streets and buildings, but I believe that a city is the sum of the relationships of the people that live there, and I believe that if we can start to document those relationships in a real way then maybe we have a real shot at creating those kinds of cities that we'd like to have. Thank you.