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我們正逐漸喪失聆聽的能力。我們大約有60％的溝通時間用於聆聽，但我們對這一點並不是很擅長，我們能留下印象的只佔聽到內容的25％。這不是你，也不是這場演講的問題，但一般來說確實如此。讓我們將聆聽定義為，從聲音中理解其所含的意義。這是一個心理過程，也是一個汲取過程。
我們使用一些很酷的技巧來做到這一點，其中一種是聲音模式的識別。（群眾噪音）因此，在一個像這樣的雞尾酒會中，如果我說，「大衛、莎拉，注意！」有些人就會坐直身子。我們能夠識別聲音的模式，區分訊號與噪音，特別是我們的名字。我們使用的另一種技巧是聲音的差異。如果我讓這個不規則雜訊響上幾分鐘，你就會停止聆聽這個訊號。我們聆聽聲音的差異，將保持不變的聲響從聽覺中去除。
聲音過濾器包含的範圍很廣，這些過濾器將所有我們聽到的聲音導向注意的事。大多數人完全沒意識到這些過濾器的存在，但它們確實用某種方式為我們創造出真實的情況，因為它們讓我們得知我們目前所注意的是什麼。讓我舉個例子：在聲音和聆聽中，意圖是非常重要的。當我跟太太結婚時，我答應她每天都會像初次相識般仔細聆聽她說話，現在，這是我在日常生活中難以達成的要求之一。（笑聲）但這在婚姻關係中是一個很重要的意圖。
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以下為系統擷取之英文原文
We are losing our listening. We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening, But we're not very good at it. We retain just 25 percent of what we hear. Now not you, not this talk, but that is generally true. Let's define listening as making meaning from sound. It's a mental process, and it's a process of extraction.
We use some pretty cool techniques to do this. One of them is pattern recognition. (Crowd Noise) So in a cocktail party like this, if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention," some of you just sat up. We recognize patterns to distinguish noise from signal, and especially our name. Differencing is another technique we use. If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes, you would literally cease to hear it. We listen to differences, we discount sounds that remain the same.
And then there is a whole range of filters. These filters take us from all sound down to what we pay attention to. Most people are entirely unconscious of these filters. But they actually create our reality in a way, because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now. Give you one example of that: Intention is very important in sound, in listening. When I married my wife, I promised her that I would listen to her every day as if for the first time. Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis. (Laughter) But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.
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但這還不是全部。聲音將我們置於空間和時間當中。如果你現在在這個房間裡閉上眼睛，你可以由聲音在房間四壁表面的回響和反彈得知房間的大小，你可以由耳中所接收到的細微噪音，得知周圍有多少人。聲音也將我們置於時間當中，因為聲音總是和時間密不可分。事實上，我認為，聆聽是我們體驗時間從過去流向未來的主要途徑。因此，「聲響即時間和時間的意義」，這是一句偉大的諺語。
我在演講開始時曾說過，我們正逐漸喪失聆聽的能力。為什麼我會這麼說？其中有很多原因。首先，我們發明了各種記錄的方法，一開始是書寫，然後是錄音，接著還有錄影，這使得準確和仔細聆聽的優勢消失無蹤。其次，當今世界相當吵雜。（噪音）隨著這些雜音的視覺化和聽覺化，讓人難以好好聆聽，也讓人對聆聽感到厭煩。許多人藉著耳機來逃避噪音，但它們將像這樣大型、公共空間中共享的音景，轉變成上百萬微小的個人聲音氣泡，在這種情況下，沒有人能好好聆聽他人的聲音。
我們變得越來越沒有耐心，我們不想聽大篇陳述，只想聽重點節錄。談話藝術已被個人傳述取代－我認為這是個危機，我不知道在這場演講中有多少內容會被聽進耳中。可悲的是，這已成了普遍現象，特別是在英國，我們逐漸變得麻木，我們的媒體紛紛用這類型標題向我們吶喊（聳動、震撼、揭密、醜聞、爆發、曝光），以獲得我們的注意，這意味著我們越來越難注意到安靜、含蓄和低調的聲音。
我們正逐漸喪失聆聽的能力，這是一個嚴重的問題，這不是微不足道的小事，因為聆聽的能力是我們獲得理解的方式。有意識的聆聽一向能創造出對事物的理解，只有不進行有意識的聆聽才會導致這些後果。一個完全不聆聽彼此話語的世界，確實是一個非常可怕的世界。所以我想與大家分享五個簡單的練習，這是你可以隨身攜帶的工具，以增進你有意識聆聽的能力，你們想要嗎？
（聽眾：是的）很好。
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But that's not all. Sound places us in space and in time. If you close your eyes right now in this room, you're aware of the size of the room from the reverberation and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces. And you're aware of how many people are around you because of the micro-noises you're receiving. And sound places us in time as well, because sound always has time embedded in it. In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way that we experience the flow of time from past to future. So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.
I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening. Why did I say that? Well there are a lot of reasons for this. First of all, we invented ways of recording -- first writing, then audio recording and now video recording as well. The premium on accurate and careful listening has simply disappeared. Secondly, the world is now so noisy, (Noise) with this cacophony going on visually and auditorily, it's just hard to listen; it's tiring to listen. Many people take refuge in headphones, but they turn big, public spaces like this, shared soundscapes, into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles. In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.
We're becoming impatient. We don't want oratory anymore, we want soundbites. And the art of conversation is being replaced -- dangerously, I think -- by personal broadcasting. I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation, which is sadly very common, especially in the U.K. We're becoming desensitized. Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines in order to get our attention. And that means it's harder for us to pay attention to the quiet, the subtle, the understated.
This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening. This is not trivial. Because listening is our access to understanding. Conscious listening always creates understanding. And only without conscious listening can these things happen -- a world where we don't listen to each other at all, is a very scary place indeed. So I'd like to share with you five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you, to improve your own conscious listening. Would you like that?
(Audience: Yes.) Good.
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第一個是沉默。每天僅僅三分鐘的沉默，這是個奇妙的練習，可以重新開啟你的耳朵，並將其重新調整，讓你能再次聽到寂靜之聲。如果你無法達到絕對沉默的要求，不妨試著尋找寂靜的聲音，這絕對是可行的。
第二個，我稱之為混音練習。（噪音）因此，即使你身處一個像這樣吵雜的環境，我們都花了很多時間待在像這樣的地方。在咖啡廳中，聆聽自己能聽到幾個頻道的聲音？在這個混音的環境中，我正在聆聽的獨立頻道有多少個？你也可以在一個美好的場所中做這件事。像在一個湖邊，我可以聽到多少種鳥鳴？牠們在哪裡？這些水波在何處？這是一個對增進聆聽品質來說很棒的練習。
第三個，我稱之為品味練習。這是個美妙的練習，就是享受生活中的聲音。例如這個是我烘乾機的聲音。（烘乾機聲響）就像一首華爾茲，一、二、三，一、二、三，一二三，我很喜歡。或試試看這個。（咖啡研磨機聲響）哇！所以，如果你留意的話，生活中的聲音可以變得相當有趣。我稱它為隱身合唱團，這是時時刻刻圍繞在我們身邊的聲音。
如果你必須做選擇的話，下一個練習或許是所有練習中最重要的，那就是聆聽的立場。這個想法是，你可以將聆聽的立場轉移到適合你所聆聽的內容上，就是跟這些聲音過濾器互動。還記得嗎？我在演講開始時提過這些聲音過濾器，開始跟它們像槓桿般互動，理解關於它們的含義，並轉移到不同的立場。這只是其中一些你們可以使用的聆聽立場，或聆聽立場的尺度。聆聽的立場有很多，好好享受其中樂趣，這是非常令人興奮的嘗試。
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The first one is silence. Just three minutes a day of silence is a wonderful exercise to reset your ears and to recalibrate so that you can hear the quiet again. If you can't get absolute silence, go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.
Second, I call this the mixer. (Noise) So even if you're in a noise environment like this -- and we all spend a lot of time in places like this -- listen in the coffee bar to how many channels of sound can I hear? How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to? You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake. How many birds am I hearing? Where are they? Where are those ripples? It's a great exercise for improving the quality of your listening.
Third, this exercise I call savoring, and this is a beautiful exercise. It's about enjoying mundane sounds. This, for example, is my tumble dryer. (Dryer) It's a waltz. One, two, three. One, two, three. One two three. I love it. Or just try this one on for size. (Coffee grinder) Wow! So mundane sounds can be really interesting if you pay attention. I call that the hidden choir. It's around us all the time.
The next exercise is probably the most important of all of these, if you just take one thing away. This is listening positions -- the idea that you can move your listening position to what's appropriate to what you're listening to. This is playing with those filters. Do you remember, I gave you those filters at the beginning. It's starting to play with them as levers, to get conscious about them and to move to different places. These are just some of the listening positions, or scales of listening positions, that you can use. There are many. Have fun with that. It's very exciting.
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最後是一個縮寫，你可以將它使用在聆聽及溝通上。如果你是以下任何一個角色（領導者、老師、配偶、父母、朋友），我想這或許代表了聆聽這場演講的每個人。這個縮寫是RASA，這個字在梵文中代表果汁或本質，RASA這個縮寫代表的是接受（R）；意味著專注於談話者身上。欣賞（A）：發出一些小小的聲音，像是嗯、哦、好。總結（S）：「因此」這個字在溝通當中非常重要。以及詢問（A）：在之後提出問題。
聲音是我的熱情所在，也是我生活的重心，我寫了一本書來闡述這一點，所以，我為了聆聽而活。這對大多數人來說或許要求過多了，但我相信每個人都需要有意識的聆聽，才能完整的生存，在空間和時間中與我們周遭的物質世界相互連結。為了瞭解彼此而連結，更不用說精神上的連結，因為我所知的每一條心靈途徑，都有賴於衷心的聆聽和沉思。
這就是為什麼我們需要在學校中教導聆聽這一門技能。為什麼不教呢？這太不可思議了。如果我們可以在學校中教導聆聽的能力，就可以將我之前提到的，我們逐漸喪失聆聽能力這個危險、可怕的世界，轉變成一個大家隨時都進行有意識聆聽－或至少有能力這麼做的世界。
我目前還不知道該怎麼做，但這是TED大會，我認為TED這個社群有能力達成任何事。因此，我邀請你們與我攜手，與彼此攜手，擔負起這個任務，讓我們在學校中教導聆聽的能力，在這一代中將這個世界轉變成一個有意識聆聽的世界，一個彼此相連、相互理解、和平的世界。
謝謝大家今天聆聽我的演講。
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And finally, an acronym. You can use this in listening, in communication. If you're in any one of those roles -- and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk -- the acronym is RASA, which is the Sanskrit word for juice or essence. And RASA stands for Receive, which means pay attention to the person; Appreciate, making little noises like hmm, oh, okay; Summarize, the word "so" is very important in communication; and Ask, ask questions afterward.
Now sound is my passion, it's my life. I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen. That's too much to ask from most people. But I believe that every human being needs to listen consciously in order to live fully -- connected in space and in time to the physical world around us, connected in understanding to each other, not to mention spiritually connected, because every spiritual path I know of has listening and contemplation at its heart.
That's why we need to teach listening in our schools as a skill. Why is it not taught? It's crazy. And if we can teach listening in our schools, we can take our listening off that slippery slope to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time -- or at least capable of doing it.
Now don't know how to do that, but this is TED, and I think the TED community is capable of anything. So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other, take this mission out and let's get listening taught in schools, and transform the world in one generation to a conscious listening world -- a world of connection, a world of understanding and a world of peace.
Thank you for listening to me today.
