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約30億年來,這些石頭一直在衝擊我們的地球,導致我們的星球上發生了許多事情。這是一份兒真的隕石標本,你能看到鐵的融化,是隕石衝擊地球的速度和熱量造成的,還能看到它殘留、融化了多少。從太空的隕石,我們再到這兒來,看看最初的Sputnik人造衛星。這是現存七顆沒發射到太空的Sputnik人造衛星之一,這不是複製品。太空時代始於50年前的10月份,那就是Sputnik人造衛星的樣子。說起太空時代,比較有意思的是,來看看一面國旗,它由阿波羅11號帶到月球又帶了回來。每名太空人都在個人工具包裏面帶了10面絲質國旗,他們後來又帶了回來,裝裱起來,這面就被帶到過月球上,又帶了回來,有意思吧。
圖書的出現,當然,非常重要。談及圖書的出現,如果不看看《古騰堡聖經》那就沒趣兒了。你們看如果自己有本1455年版《古騰堡聖經》的話,多麼便於攜帶和閱讀啊!(笑聲)但《古騰堡聖經》和印刷術的出現之所以有趣並不在於書。注意,書的驅動力並不是源自閱讀。在1455年,幾乎沒人能閱讀,但為什麼印刷機卻成功了?這是當時的《古騰堡聖經》中的一頁。因此,你們正在看的可是最早的印刷書之一,在人類歷史上,550年前使用活字印刷術印刷的,而我們正生活在圖書終結的時代,電子紙張無疑會取而代之。但這為什麼如此有趣?
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These rocks have been hitting our earth for about three billion years, and are responsible for much of what’s gone on on our planet. This is an example of a real meteorite, and you can see all the melting of the iron from the speed and the heat when a meteorite hits the earth, and just how much of it survives and melts. From a meteorite from space, we’re over here with an original Sputnik. This is one of the seven surviving Sputniks that was not launched into space. This is not a copy. The space age began 50 years ago in October, and that’s exactly what Sputnik looked like.
And it wouldn’t be fun to talk about the space age without seeing a flag that was carried to the moon and back, on Apollo 11. The astronauts each got to carry about ten silk flags in their personal kits. They would bring them back and mount them. So this has actually been carried to the moon and back. So that’s for fun.
The dawn of books is, of course, important. And it wouldn’t be interesting to talk about the dawn of books without having a copy of a Guttenberg Bible. You can see how portable and handy it was to have your own Guttenberg in 1455. But what’s interesting about the Guttenberg Bible and the dawn of this technology, is not the book. You see, the book was not driven by reading. In 1455, nobody could read. So why did the printing press succeed? This is an original page of a Guttenberg Bible. So you’re looking here at one of the first printed books using movable type in the history of man, 550 years ago. We are living at the age here at the end of the book where electronic paper will undoubtedly replace it.
But why is this so interesting?
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這兒有個小故事。它發生在1450年代。天主教堂資金短缺,於是他們印刷了贖罪券,實際上都是他們手寫的,被稱為「贖罪券」,這些紙就代表赦免。他們在歐洲四處遊走,有成百上千的人在兜售(贖罪券),他們讓人提前脫離懲罰。印刷機發明後,他們發現可以印刷贖罪券,就等於印鈔票一樣。因此,1455年整個西歐都開始購買印刷機來印刷數千張,後來數十萬張,再後來最終數百萬張這種單張的小紙片。它讓人們脫離地獄升入天堂,這就是為什麼印刷機能獲得成功,也是為什麼馬丁‧路德將他的90條論綱釘在門上的原因。他是在抱怨天主教教會,為了在整個西歐的所有村鎮和城市印刷、銷售贖罪券而變得亂哄哄的。所以,女士先生們,印刷機的驅動力完全是來自印刷贖罪券跟閱讀一點兒關係也沒有,更多的明天再講,我還有些來自圖書館的照片給你們看,你們中的一些人跟我要過,我們明天再看。(掌聲)
除了展示演講臺上的物體之外,我打算首次做點特別的。其實我們打算展示圖書館是什麼樣兒的,OK?我跟世界上最棒的女人結了婚,你們一分鐘內就會知道為什麼。因為當我去見愛琳的時候,我就說要建這個。這是人類想像力的圖書館,有三層高玻璃嵌板裏面裝了人類5000年來的想像,是由電腦控制的,還是一個電影院,它能變色。整個圖書館裏面,充斥著不同的物體和不同的空間,它設計得像Escher版畫,這是圖書館底層的一些東西。這裏的展品經常更換,你可以在其中穿行,你可以觸摸,你能準確地看到館裏有多少種物件。這就是我的土星五號,每個人都該有一個,OK。因此,你在這兒能看到圖書館底層的各種書和物體,四周的玻璃嵌板裏,是想像的歷史,有玻璃橋可供穿行,是懸在空中的。
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Here’s the quick story. It turns out that in the 1450s, the Catholic Church needed money, and so they printed indulge -- they actually hand-wrote these things called indulgences, which were forgiveness’s on pieces of paper. That they traveled all around Europe and sold by the hundreds or by the thousands. They got you out of purgatory faster. And when the printing press was invented what they found was they could print indulgences, which was the equivalent of printing money.
And so all of Western Europe started buying printing presses in 1455 to print out thousands and then hundreds of thousands, and then ultimately millions of single, small pieces of paper that got you out of middle hell and into heaven. That is why the printing press succeeded, and that is why Martin Luther nailed his 90 theses to the door: because he was complaining that the Catholic Church had gone amok in printing out indulgences and selling them in every town and village and city in all of Western Europe.
So the printing press, ladies and gentlemen, was driven entirely by the printing of forgivenesses and had nothing to do with reading. More tomorrow. I also have pictures coming of the library for those of you that have asked for pictures. We’re going to have some tomorrow. (Applause)
Instead of showing an object from the stage I’m going to do something special for the first time. We are going to show, actually, what the library looks like, OK? So, I am married to the most wonderful woman in the world. You’re going to find out why in a minute, because when I went to see Eileen, this is what I said I wanted to build.
This is the library of human imagination. The room itself is three stories tall. In the glass panels is 5,000 years of human imagination that are computer controlled. The room is a theatre. It changes colors. And all throughout the library are different objects, different spaces. It’s designed like an Escher print. Here is some of the lower level of the library where the exhibits constantly change. You can walk through. You can touch. You can see exactly how many of these types of items would fit in a room. There’s my very own Saturn V. Everybody should have one, OK. So you can see here in the lower level of the library the books and the objects. In the glass panels all along, is sort of the history of imagination. There is a glass bridge that you walk across that’s suspended in space.
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這是一種想像力的跳躍。那,我們是怎麼想到的呢?這個問題的一部分我已經回答過了,那就是讓自己置身於刺激人類成果、歷史以及那些促使我們成為人的事物之中——我們經歷過的那些充滿激情的發現,那些早已逝去的恐龍骸骨,那些太空藍圖,以及最終刺激了我們大腦和想像的通道。希望明天我可以再展示演講臺上的一到兩種物體但今天,我只想說感謝你們,感謝今天所有來的人,所有跟我們交談的人,我跟愛琳非常願意敞開我們的家跟TED團隊分享。(掌聲)
TED的一切就是關於想像到的各種模式,它是關於關聯的,它就是去看所有其他人以前都看過的東西,但思考別人從沒有想過的,這就是發現和想像的全部內容。例如,我們能看到這裏的DNA分子模型,我們中從沒有人見過,但我們知道它的存在因為受到教育,理解了為什麼是這種分子。但我們也能看到一台啞謎機,二戰時納粹用的一種加密和解密的機器。現在,你或許會說,這個跟這個有什麼聯繫呢?瞧,這是生命的密碼,而這是死亡的密碼,這兩種分子都會加密和解密。而現在,盯著它們,你會看到一台機器和一團分子。但,如果你用一種新的方式來看,你會明白他們之間其實有關聯。他們首先因為這個東西而關聯著。你們瞧,這是一幅人腦模型,OK?它很少見,因為我們不會真的去看大腦。我們能看到一具頭骨,它在那裏,所有的想像,我們思考的一切,我們的感情,我們的感覺都經過大腦。一旦我們在腦中構建了新的模型,一旦我們用一種新的方式塑造大腦,它絕不會回到最初的狀態。
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So it’s a leap of imagination.
So how do we create? And part of the question that I have answered is we create by surrounding ourselves with stimuli, with human achievement, with history, with the things that drive us and make us human. The passionate discovery, the bones of dinosaurs long gone, the maps of space that we’ve experienced, and ultimately the hallways that stimulate our mind and our imagination.
So hopefully tomorrow I’ll show one or two more objects from the stage, but for today I just wanted to say thank you for all the people that came and talked to us about it. And Eileen and I are thrilled to open our home and share it with the TED community. (Applause) TED is all about patterns in the clouds. It’s all about connections. It’s all about seeing things that everybody else has seen before but thinking about them in ways that nobody has thought of them before. And that’s really what discovery and imagination is all about.
For example, we can look at a DNA molecule model here. None of us really have ever seen one, but we know it exists because we’ve been taught to understand why this molecule. But we can also look at an Enigma machine from the Nazis in World War II that was a coding and decoding machine. Now, you might say, what does this have to do with this? Well, this is the code for life, and this is a code for death. These two molecules code and decode. And yet, looking at them, you would see a machine and a molecule. But once you’ve seen them in a new way, you realize that both of these things really are connected. And they’re connected primarily because of this here.
You see, this is a human brain model, OK? And it’s rare, because we never really get to see a brain. We get to see a skull. But there it is. All of imagination, everything that we think, we feel, we sense, comes through the human brain. And once we create new patterns in this brain, once we shape the brain in a new way, it never returns to its original shape.
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我給你們舉個簡短的例子,我們來想想網際網路,我們會想到資訊在網際網路上傳輸,而我們從未想過所隱藏的關聯。但我買了一塊煤,在這兒,一塊煤。一塊煤跟網際網路有什麼聯繫?你瞧,每百萬位元組的資訊在網上傳輸都需要消耗一塊煤的能量。所以,每次你下載檔案時,每 M 等於一塊煤。這說明的是,一份200M的文件,看起來就是這樣的,女士先生們,對不對?所以,下次你下載1G或2G 的檔案時,它不是免費的,對不對?這之間的關聯就是,能量使它得以在網路上傳輸,並讓我們所想的一切成為可能,謝謝,Chris。
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And I’ll give you a quick example. We think about the Internet. We think about information that goes across the Internet. And we never think about the hidden connection. But I brought along here a lump of coal -- right here, one lump of coal. And what does a lump of coal have to do with the Internet? You see, it takes the energy in one lump of coal to move one megabyte of information across the net. So every time you download a file, each megabyte is a lump of coal. What that means is, a 200-megabyte file looks like this, ladies and gentlemen. OK? So the next time you download a gigabyte, or two gigabytes, it’s not for free, OK? The connection is the energy it takes to run the web and to make everything we think possible, possible. Thanks, Chris.