਍㰀栀琀洀氀 氀愀渀最㴀∀攀渀∀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀ㰀琀椀琀氀攀㸀묀ƞٷ硝扛ಖ謰㺕ཥ뉟ஊ뉺Ž඘‰簀ഀഀ 政治學 | 17.554 2002秋季課程：拉丁美洲的政治經濟狀況 | 相關閱讀資料 ਍ऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀椀琀氀攀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀ㰀洀攀琀愀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀最爀漀甀瀀∀ 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀㴀∀㄀㜀ⴀ㔀㔀㐀倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀ⴀ䔀挀漀渀漀洀礀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ䰀愀琀椀渀ⴀ䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀䘀愀氀氀㈀　　㈀∀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀℀ⴀⴀ 䈀攀最椀渀 䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀挀 䴀攀琀愀搀愀琀愀 䤀渀猀攀爀琀椀漀渀 ⴀⴀ㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀䴀攀琀愀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀䐀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀∀ 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀㴀∀∀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀䴀攀琀愀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀䬀攀礀眀漀爀搀∀ 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀㴀∀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀Ⰰ栀椀猀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ攀挀漀渀漀洀礀Ⰰ䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 刀攀昀漀爀洀Ⰰ䴀愀爀欀攀琀ⴀ伀爀椀攀渀琀攀搀 刀攀昀漀爀洀Ⰰ倀攀猀漀 䌀爀椀猀椀猀∀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀℀ⴀⴀ 䔀渀搀 䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀挀 䴀攀琀愀搀愀琀愀 䤀渀猀攀爀琀椀漀渀 ⴀⴀ㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀氀椀渀欀 爀攀氀㴀∀愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀攀 猀琀礀氀攀猀栀攀攀琀∀ 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀ 洀攀搀椀愀㴀∀愀氀氀∀ 琀椀琀氀攀㴀∀渀漀爀洀愀氀∀ 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀猀琀礀氀攀⼀挀漀爀攀⸀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀氀椀渀欀 爀攀氀㴀∀愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀攀 猀琀礀氀攀猀栀攀攀琀∀ 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀ 洀攀搀椀愀㴀∀愀氀氀∀ 琀椀琀氀攀㴀∀氀愀爀最攀㈀∀ 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀猀琀礀氀攀⼀挀漀爀攀氀愀爀最攀㈀⸀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀℀ⴀⴀ䈀攀最椀渀㨀 伀䌀圀 吀伀倀 䰀䤀匀吀 䈀礀 倀攀渀 䨀攀渀 夀甀愀渀 ㈀　　㐀⼀㄀㈀⼀　㌀ ⴀⴀ㸀ഀഀ ਍      㰀匀䌀刀䤀倀吀 䰀䄀一䜀唀䄀䜀䔀㴀∀䨀愀瘀愀匀挀爀椀瀀琀∀ 㸀瘀愀爀 挀洀吀栀攀洀攀伀昀昀椀挀攀䈀愀猀攀 㴀 ✀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀✀㬀㰀⼀匀䌀刀䤀倀吀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀匀䌀刀䤀倀吀 䰀䄀一䜀唀䄀䜀䔀㴀∀䨀愀瘀愀匀挀爀椀瀀琀∀ 匀刀䌀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀猀琀礀氀攀⼀琀栀攀洀攀⸀樀猀∀㸀㰀⼀匀䌀刀䤀倀吀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀ㰀⼀䠀䔀䄀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀昀漀爀洀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀猀攀䠀漀洀攀倀愀最攀∀ 洀攀琀栀漀搀㴀∀瀀漀猀琀∀ 愀挀琀椀漀渀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀漀挀眀⸀洀椀琀⸀攀搀甀⼀伀挀眀圀攀戀⼀倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀ⴀ匀挀椀攀渀挀攀⼀㄀㜀ⴀ㔀㔀㐀倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀ⴀ䔀挀漀渀漀洀礀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ䰀愀琀椀渀ⴀ䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀䘀愀氀氀㈀　　㈀⼀刀攀愀搀椀渀最猀⼀刀攀瀀攀愀琀椀渀最䈀漀搀礀䌀漀瀀礀⸀愀猀瀀砀㼀一刀䴀伀䐀䔀㴀倀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀☀一刀伀刀䤀䜀䤀一䄀䰀唀刀䰀㴀─㈀昀伀挀眀圀攀戀─㈀昀倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀ⴀ匀挀椀攀渀挀攀─㈀昀㄀㜀ⴀ㔀㔀㐀倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀ⴀ䔀挀漀渀漀洀礀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ䰀愀琀椀渀ⴀ䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀䘀愀氀氀㈀　　㈀─㈀昀刀攀愀搀椀渀最猀─㈀昀椀渀搀攀砀─㈀攀栀琀洀☀一刀一伀䐀䔀䜀唀䤀䐀㴀─㜀戀㠀㌀㈀㤀㈀㐀䄀㘀ⴀ䌀䐀㠀䘀ⴀ㐀　䐀　ⴀ㤀㘀㘀㄀ⴀ㤀䐀㈀䈀㜀䐀䄀　䔀㐀䌀㜀─㜀搀☀一刀䌀䄀䌀䠀䔀䠀䤀一吀㴀䜀甀攀猀琀∀ 椀搀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀猀攀䠀漀洀攀倀愀最攀∀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀椀渀瀀甀琀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀栀椀搀搀攀渀∀ 渀愀洀攀㴀∀开开䔀嘀䔀一吀䄀刀䜀唀䴀䔀一吀∀ 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀∀∀ ⼀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀琀愀戀氀攀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀栀攀愀搀攀爀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　　─∀ഀഀ cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary= ਍    ∀䠀攀愀搀攀爀 吀愀戀氀攀∀㸀ഀഀ ਍        㰀琀搀 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　　─∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍      㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍          㰀琀愀戀氀攀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　　─∀ 挀攀氀氀瀀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀猀瀀愀挀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ഀഀ border="0" summary="Navigation and Logo"> ਍            㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍                㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀ഀഀ ਍              㰀℀ⴀⴀ 䈀䔀䜀䤀一㨀 伀䌀圀 䰀伀䜀伀ⴀⴀ㸀ഀഀ ਍                㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀氀漀最漀ⴀ漀挀眀ⴀ栀漀洀攀⸀最椀昀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀䴀䤀吀 伀瀀攀渀䌀漀甀爀猀攀圀愀爀攀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀㠀　∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㈀㄀∀ഀഀ border="0"> ਍              㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍              㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀爀椀最栀琀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀搀椀瘀 椀搀㴀∀洀礀䴀攀渀甀䤀䐀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀氀攀昀琀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀℀ⴀⴀ 䰀攀昀琀 一愀瘀 ⴀⴀ㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀ㰀椀渀瀀甀琀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀栀椀搀搀攀渀∀ 渀愀洀攀㴀∀挀漀洀洀愀渀搀∀ 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀∀戀愀猀椀挀∀㸀 㰀椀渀瀀甀琀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀栀椀搀搀攀渀∀ 渀愀洀攀㴀∀挀漀甀爀猀攀最甀椀搀∀ 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀✀笀䈀㜀㔀㠀㄀䌀䘀䌀ⴀ䈀㔀㈀䈀ⴀ㐀䐀㘀㌀ⴀ㤀㠀㠀㌀ⴀ㄀䘀䌀䌀䈀䌀㐀㈀　㤀㠀㘀紀✀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀猀攀愀爀挀栀昀漀爀洀∀㸀ഀഀ
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਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀椀渀瀀甀琀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀爀愀搀椀漀∀ 挀栀攀挀欀攀搀 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀∀最氀漀戀愀氀∀ 渀愀洀攀㴀∀椀渀搀攀砀搀戀挀栀漀椀挀攀∀ 椀搀㴀∀愀氀氀伀䌀圀∀ 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀猀攀愀爀挀栀昀漀爀洀∀㸀 㰀氀愀戀攀氀 昀漀爀㴀∀愀氀氀伀䌀圀∀㸀ഀഀ 搜尋所有課程 ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀搀㸀㰀℀ⴀⴀ 䜀漀漀最氀攀 䌀匀䔀 匀攀愀爀挀栀 䈀漀砀 䈀攀最椀渀猀 ⴀⴀ㸀ഀഀ ਍    㰀椀渀瀀甀琀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀栀椀搀搀攀渀∀ 渀愀洀攀㴀∀挀砀∀ 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀∀　　㈀　㘀㌀㘀㠀　㈀㐀㈀㔀㄀㘀㔀㄀㌀㜀㜀㈀㨀戀㘀稀椀琀氀焀漀最眀㠀∀ ⼀㸀ഀഀ ਍    㰀椀渀瀀甀琀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀猀甀戀洀椀琀∀ 渀愀洀攀㴀∀猀愀∀ 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀∀ᰀ୤≜ ⼀㸀ഀഀ ਍  㰀⼀昀漀爀洀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀℀ⴀⴀ 䜀漀漀最氀攀 䌀匀䔀 匀攀愀爀挀栀 䈀漀砀 䔀渀搀猀 ⴀⴀ㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀㰀琀搀 挀漀氀猀瀀愀渀㴀∀㌀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㔀∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀ
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਍ऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀琀愀戀氀攀 椀搀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀猀攀䰀攀昀琀一愀瘀㄀开琀戀氀䰀攀昀琀一愀瘀∀ 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀氀攀昀琀渀愀瘀∀ 挀攀氀氀猀瀀愀挀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀瀀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　　─∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㔀∀ 挀漀氀猀瀀愀渀㴀∀㌀∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䰀攀昀琀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䴀椀搀搀氀攀∀ 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀氀攀昀琀渀愀瘀戀甀氀氀攀琀渀漀爀洀愀氀⸀最椀昀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀ ∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㐀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㜀∀ ⼀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀琀搀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀氀攀昀琀渀愀瘀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䴀椀搀搀氀攀∀ 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㌀　∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀䌀漀甀爀猀攀䠀漀洀攀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀눀ஊ険ƙ㲘⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㔀∀ 挀漀氀猀瀀愀渀㴀∀㌀∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䰀攀昀琀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䴀椀搀搀氀攀∀ 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀氀攀昀琀渀愀瘀戀甀氀氀攀琀渀漀爀洀愀氀⸀最椀昀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀ ∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㐀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㜀∀ ⼀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀琀搀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀氀攀昀琀渀愀瘀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䴀椀搀搀氀攀∀ 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㌀　∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀匀礀氀氀愀戀甀猀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀夀硥❛녙㱽⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㔀∀ 挀漀氀猀瀀愀渀㴀∀㌀∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䰀攀昀琀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䴀椀搀搀氀攀∀ 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀氀攀昀琀渀愀瘀戀甀氀氀攀琀渀漀爀洀愀氀⸀最椀昀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀ ∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㐀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㜀∀ ⼀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀琀搀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀氀攀昀琀渀愀瘀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䴀椀搀搀氀攀∀ 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㌀　∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀䌀愀氀攀渀搀愀爀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀夀硥䉛୦㱺⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀瀀爀攀愀挀琀椀瘀攀∀ 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 挀漀氀猀瀀愀渀㴀∀㌀∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀愀挀琀椀瘀攀搀攀瀀琀∀ 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀琀搀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀愀挀琀椀瘀攀搀攀瀀琀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䰀攀昀琀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䴀椀搀搀氀攀∀ 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀氀攀昀琀渀愀瘀戀甀氀氀攀琀猀攀氀⸀最椀昀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀ ∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㐀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㜀∀ ⼀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀琀搀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀愀挀琀椀瘀攀搀攀瀀琀∀ 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㈀㠀∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀놕肕잋馌㱥⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀瀀爀攀愀挀琀椀瘀攀∀ 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 挀漀氀猀瀀愀渀㴀∀㌀∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㔀∀ 挀漀氀猀瀀愀渀㴀∀㌀∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䰀攀昀琀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䴀椀搀搀氀攀∀ 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀氀攀昀琀渀愀瘀戀甀氀氀攀琀渀漀爀洀愀氀⸀最椀昀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀ ∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㐀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㜀∀ ⼀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀琀搀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀氀攀昀琀渀愀瘀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䴀椀搀搀氀攀∀ 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㌀　∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀䄀猀猀椀最渀洀攀渀琀猀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀尀浏㱩⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㔀∀ 挀漀氀猀瀀愀渀㴀∀㌀∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䰀攀昀琀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䴀椀搀搀氀攀∀ 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀氀攀昀琀渀愀瘀戀甀氀氀攀琀渀漀爀洀愀氀⸀最椀昀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀ ∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㐀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㜀∀ ⼀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀琀搀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀氀攀昀琀渀愀瘀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䴀椀搀搀氀攀∀ 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㌀　∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀刀攀氀愀琀攀搀刀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀잕邌㱮⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㔀∀ 挀漀氀猀瀀愀渀㴀∀㌀∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䰀攀昀琀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䴀椀搀搀氀攀∀ 圀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀眀栀椀琀攀愀爀爀漀眀⸀最椀昀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀ ∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㐀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㜀∀ ⼀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀琀搀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀氀攀昀琀渀愀瘀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀䴀椀搀搀氀攀∀ 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㌀　∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀䐀漀眀渀氀漀愀搀琀栀椀猀䌀漀甀爀猀攀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀଀ॎ늏ஊ㱺⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀ㰀琀搀 䠀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㔀∀ 挀漀氀猀瀀愀渀㴀∀㌀∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　　─∀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ
਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀愀戀氀攀 椀搀 㴀 ∀䈀爀攀愀搀挀爀甀洀戀㄀开琀戀氀䈀爀攀愀搀䌀爀甀洀戀∀ 挀攀氀氀猀瀀愀挀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀瀀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀琀爀㸀㰀琀搀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀戀爀攀愀搀挀爀甀洀戀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀爀愀焀甀漀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀阀ƙ㲘⼀愀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀爀愀焀甀漀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀㼀뭥硬㱛⼀䄀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀爀愀焀甀漀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀䌀漀甀爀猀攀䠀漀洀攀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀㈀　　㈀쬀捹뉛ஊ᩺짿Ţ蹎㉿葭㽶뭥鍬쁯셲㱬⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀഀ
਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀瀀愀最攀琀椀琀氀攀∀㸀ഀഀ 相關閱讀資料 ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀  瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀琀漀瀀㸀ഀഀ

਍驛ᩛ⇿㱱䈀刀㸀ഀഀ 翻譯：黃真瑋(簡介並寄信)
਍漀֋ↀ쭼ᩎ㳿䈀刀㸀ஂ챗㊑➃硙୛魗㾖뭥鍬ᑯ癸ꥺɘ㰰䈀刀㸀ஂ끗Ⅵ❘硙㽛뭥ﭬ婼硳Ὓɵ㰰䈀刀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ 編輯：王博律(Rosa Wang)(簡介並寄信)
਍⽽↏쭼ᩎ㳿䈀刀㸀捓❰硙ᙛ蝙ﭥ扼㱵䈀刀㸀ஂƃ䭚❑硙蝛ᙥ㽓噥ᑻ癸䁺ꥢɘ㰰䈀刀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ

਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀　∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀爀⸀最椀昀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀഀ
਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀㄀㸀㰀吀刀㸀㰀吀䐀 愀氀椀最渀㴀洀椀搀搀氀攀 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀琀漀瀀㸀ഀഀ
本頁翻譯進度
਍㰀䤀䴀䜀 匀刀䌀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀椀洀愀最攀猀⼀瀀爀漀最爀攀猀猀开㌀开㘀⸀最椀昀∀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ 燈號說明 ਍㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀഀ
਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀搀椀瘀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀猀甀戀栀攀愀搀∀㸀ഀഀ 課本
Texts ਍㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ
਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀猀瀀愀渀 椀搀㴀∀䈀漀搀礀挀漀瀀礀㄀∀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀瀀㸀一愀椀洀Ⰰ 䴀漀椀猀攀猀⸀Ⰰ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《紙老虎與牛頭人身怪獸：委內瑞拉經濟改革政治學》,華盛頓特區, 卡內基基金會, 1993.
Naim, Moises. Paper Tigers and Minotaurs: The Politics of Venezuela's Economic Reforms. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment, 1993.

਍㰀瀀㸀匀琀攀瀀愀渀Ⰰ 䄀氀昀爀攀搀⸀Ⰰ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《再思軍隊政治：巴西和南錐地區》,普林斯頓, 新澤西州, 普林斯頓大學出版社, 1988.
Stepan, Alfred. Rethinking Military Politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.

਍㰀瀀㸀䐀椀愀洀漀渀搀Ⰰ 䰀愀爀爀礀Ⰰ 䨀甀愀渀 䰀椀渀稀Ⰰ ܀₂匀攀礀洀漀甀爀 䴀愀爀琀椀渀 䰀椀瀀猀攀琀Ⰰⱽ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《開發中國家的民主：拉丁美洲》,Boulder, CO科羅拉多州: Lynne Rienner Publishers出版社, 1989.
Diamond, Larry, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, eds. Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989.

਍㰀瀀㸀䐀漀洀椀渀最甀攀稀Ⰰ 䨀漀爀最攀 䤀⸀Ⰰ ܀₂䄀戀爀愀栀愀洀 䘀⸀ 䰀漀眀攀渀琀栀愀氀Ⰰ ⱽ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《建構民主治理：新南美民主》,巴爾地摩, 馬里蘭州: 約翰霍普金斯大學出版社, 1996.
Dominguez, Jorge I., and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds. Constructing Democratic Governance: The New South American Democracies. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

਍㰀瀀㸀䠀愀最最愀爀搀Ⰰ 匀琀攀瀀栀愀渀Ⰰ ܀₂刀漀戀攀爀琀 刀⸀ 䬀愀甀昀洀愀渀Ⰰ ⹽Ⰰ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《經濟調整的政治學：國際限制、分配衝突與國家》,普林斯頓, 新澤西州, 普林斯頓大學出版社, 1992.
Haggard, Stephan, and Robert R. Kaufman, eds. The Politics of Economic Adjustment: International Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992.

਍㰀瀀㸀刀甀攀猀挀栀攀洀攀礀攀爀Ⰰ 䐀椀攀琀爀椀挀栀Ⰰ 䔀瘀攀氀礀渀攀 䠀甀戀攀爀 匀琀攀瀀栀攀渀猀Ⰰ ܀₂䨀漀栀渀 䐀⸀ 匀琀攀瀀栀攀渀猀⸀Ⰰ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《資本主義發展與民主》,芝加哥, ਍⥏﹒㩝 鴀ꂂ❔硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㈀⸀㰀䈀刀㸀刀甀攀猀挀栀攀洀攀礀攀爀Ⰰ 䐀椀攀琀爀椀挀栀Ⰰ 䔀瘀攀氀礀渀攀 䠀甀戀攀爀 匀琀攀瀀栀攀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䨀漀栀渀 䐀⸀ 匀琀攀瀀栀攀渀猀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀䌀愀瀀椀琀愀氀椀猀琀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䌀栀椀挀愀最漀Ⰰ 䤀䰀㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䌀栀椀挀愀最漀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㈀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Linz, Juan, 與 Alfred Stepan. ਍ᄰ㭬䥎讏ݗ욂ඖ權的問題：南歐、南美和後共產主義歐洲》,巴爾地摩, 馬里蘭州: 約翰霍普金斯大學出版社, 1996.
Linz, Juan, and Alfred Stepan. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

਍㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀ഀഀ
਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀ഀഀ
਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀搀椀瘀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀猀甀戀栀攀愀搀∀㸀ഀഀ 必讀讀物
Required Readings ਍㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀ഀഀ
਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ
਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀猀瀀愀渀 椀搀㴀∀䈀漀搀礀䌀漀瀀礀㈀∀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀瀀㸀䄀搀爀椀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 䴀愀搀攀氀攀椀渀攀⸀Ⰰᰀ︠罝憎摗㹜䁹ݓং冑䅧항ᵒⰠ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《宗教社會學》, 55 (2) (夏1994): 163-88.
਍䄀搀爀椀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 䴀愀搀攀氀攀椀渀攀⸀ ∀䈀愀猀攀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 爀甀爀愀氀 洀漀戀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 渀漀爀琀栀攀爀渀 䈀爀愀稀椀氀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀匀漀挀椀漀氀漀最礀 漀昀 刀攀氀椀最椀漀渀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 㔀㔀 ⠀㈀⤀⠀匀甀洀洀攀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㐀⤀㨀 ㄀㘀㌀ⴀ㠀㠀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀䄀最甀椀氀愀爀Ⰰ 䔀搀眀椀渀 䔀氀漀礀Ⰰ 䨀漀猀攀 䴀椀最甀攀氀 匀愀渀搀漀瘀愀氀Ⰰ 吀椀洀漀琀栀礀 䨀⸀ 匀琀攀椀最攀渀最愀Ⰰ ܀₂䬀攀渀渀攀琀栀 䌀漀氀攀洀愀渀⸀Ⰰᰀꤠ㺅ᩴ끙奥鉥᩟돿煐穽杦ݡᒂ癸䥺葤൶활ᶊⰠ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲研究評論》 , 28 (2) (1993): 119-41.
਍䄀最甀椀氀愀爀Ⰰ 䔀搀眀椀渀 䔀氀漀礀Ⰰ 䨀漀猀攀 䴀椀最甀攀氀 匀愀渀搀漀瘀愀氀Ⰰ 吀椀洀漀琀栀礀 䨀⸀ 匀琀攀椀最攀渀最愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䬀攀渀渀攀琀栀 䌀漀氀攀洀愀渀⸀ ∀倀爀漀琀攀猀琀愀渀琀椀猀洀 椀渀 䔀氀 匀愀氀瘀愀搀漀爀㨀 䌀漀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀愀氀 圀椀猀搀漀洀 瘀攀爀猀甀猀 匀甀爀瘀攀礀 䔀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㠀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㌀⤀㨀 ㄀㄀㤀ⴀ㐀㄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀䄀最甀椀愀爀Ⰰ 刀漀戀攀爀琀漀⸀Ⰰᰀ罝➉硙㮐항葒漏ᵐ밠㱥攀洀㸀ഀ《對民主黨的比較政治財務研究》, 編者Herbert E. Alexander 與 Rei Shiratori. Boulder, 科羅拉多州, 1994, 頁77-84.
਍䄀最甀椀愀爀Ⰰ 刀漀戀攀爀琀漀⸀ ∀吀栀攀 䌀漀猀琀 漀昀 䔀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 䌀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀猀 椀渀 䈀爀愀稀椀氀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀䌀漀洀瀀愀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䘀椀渀愀渀挀攀 䄀洀漀渀最 琀栀攀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀椀攀猀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䠀攀爀戀攀爀琀 䔀⸀ 䄀氀攀砀愀渀搀攀爀 愀渀搀 刀攀椀 匀栀椀爀愀琀漀爀椀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀伀㨀 圀攀猀琀瘀椀攀眀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㐀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ 㜀㜀ⴀ㠀㐀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀䄀渀搀攀爀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䰀攀猀氀椀攀 䔀⸀Ⰰ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《現代農民的政治生態學：預測與社區》,巴爾地摩，馬里蘭州：約翰霍普金斯大學出版社, 1994, xiii-61, 119-73.
਍䄀渀搀攀爀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䰀攀猀氀椀攀 䔀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀吀栀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䔀挀漀氀漀最礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀漀搀攀爀渀 倀攀愀猀愀渀琀㨀 䌀愀氀挀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䈀愀氀琀椀洀漀爀攀 䴀䐀㨀 䨀漀栀渀猀 䠀漀瀀欀椀渀猀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㐀Ⰰ 砀椀椀椀ⴀ㘀㄀Ⰰ ㄀㄀㤀ⴀ㜀㌀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀䄀渀最攀氀氀Ⰰ 䄀氀愀渀Ⰰ 䴀愀爀椀愀 䐀✀䄀氀瘀愀 䬀椀渀稀漀Ⰰ ܀₂䐀椀攀最漀 唀爀戀愀渀攀樀愀⸀Ⰰᰀ줠Ţ蹎㉿ᵭ밠㱥攀洀㸀ഀ《選舉操作法：連貫與改變的比較研究》, 編者David Butler 與 Austin Ranney., 牛津：Clarendon 出版社, 1992, 頁43-68.
਍䄀渀最攀氀氀Ⰰ 䄀氀愀渀Ⰰ 䴀愀爀椀愀 䐀✀䄀氀瘀愀 䬀椀渀稀漀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䐀椀攀最漀 唀爀戀愀渀攀樀愀⸀ ∀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀䔀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀攀攀爀椀渀最㨀 䄀 䌀漀洀瀀愀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 匀琀甀搀礀 漀昀 䌀漀渀琀椀渀甀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 䌀栀愀渀最攀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䐀愀瘀椀搀 䈀甀琀氀攀爀 愀渀搀 䄀甀猀琀椀渀 刀愀渀渀攀礀⸀ 伀砀昀漀爀搀㨀 䌀氀愀爀攀渀搀漀渀 瀀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㈀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ 㐀㌀ⴀ㘀㠀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀䈀愀氀漀礀爀愀ⴀ䠀攀爀瀀Ⰰ 䔀渀爀椀焀甀攀 䄀⸀Ⰰᰀⴠ蹎㉿衏࡛㽜㭥ꥎᵿ밠⁥㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲研究期਍୒㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㄀㔀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㠀㌀⤀㨀 ㈀㤀㔀ⴀ㌀㄀㤀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Baloyra-Herp, Enrique A. "Reactionary Despotism in Central America." In Journal of Latin American Studies 15 (2) (1983): 295-319.

਍㰀瀀㸀䈀愀猀琀椀愀渀Ⰰ 䨀攀愀渀ⴀ倀椀攀爀爀攀⸀Ⰰᰀ줠Ţ蹎㉿끭奥콥ꑥ葿詶抋᩟㻿͹硓쁛ᶞⰠ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲研究評論》 28 (2) (春季號, 1993): 33-61. ਍㰀戀爀㸀䈀愀猀琀椀愀渀Ⰰ 䨀攀愀渀ⴀ倀椀攀爀爀攀⸀ ∀吀栀攀 䴀攀琀愀洀漀爀瀀栀漀猀椀猀 漀昀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 倀爀漀琀攀猀琀愀渀琀 䜀爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 䄀 匀漀挀椀漀栀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 倀攀爀猀瀀攀挀琀椀瘀攀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㠀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀匀瀀爀椀渀最 ㄀㤀㤀㌀⤀㨀 ㌀㌀ⴀ㘀㄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Belejack, Barbara.,“槍桿下的拉丁美洲新聞人”,有關拉丁美洲的北美協會,਍踰㉿ㅭ䩘୔㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㈀ ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀̀ࡎ殁ࡑ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㠀⤀㨀 㘀ⴀ㄀　⸀㰀戀爀㸀䈀攀氀攀樀愀挀欀Ⰰ 䈀愀爀戀愀爀愀⸀ ∀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 樀漀甀爀渀愀氀椀猀琀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 最甀渀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀一䄀䌀䰀䄀 刀攀瀀漀爀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㈀ ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀䨀甀氀礀ⴀ䄀甀最甀猀琀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀⤀㨀 㘀ⴀ㄀　⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Berry, Albert.,“導論”於਍줰Ţ蹎㉿ꝭ꺌ź錰㥯楥ޗ䂂面ٟ䵒஑㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս₀䄀氀戀攀爀琀 䈀攀爀爀礀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 턀蕹쥿ᩢⱝ ㄀㤀㤀㠀Ⰰ Ā㆘ⴀ㔀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䈀攀爀爀礀Ⰰ 䄀氀戀攀爀琀⸀ ∀䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀倀漀瘀攀爀琀礀Ⰰ 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 爀攀昀漀爀洀 ☀愀洀瀀㬀 椀渀挀漀洀攀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䄀氀戀攀爀琀 䈀攀爀爀礀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀伀㨀 䰀礀渀渀攀 刀椀攀渀渀攀爀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㠀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㄀ⴀ㔀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀䈀漀漀琀栀Ⰰ 䨀漀栀渀 䄀⸀Ⰰᰀⴠ蹎⵿㹎͹鍧硯ݛஂ뙗楛綗葔㽶뭥㥬遨ᵮⰠ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲研究評論》 26 (1) (1991):33-73.
Booth, John A. "The Socioeconomic and Political Roots of National Revolts in Central America." Latin American Research Review 26 (1) (1991):33-73.

਍㰀瀀㸀䈀爀甀栀渀Ⰰ 䬀愀琀栀氀攀攀渀⸀Ⰰ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《與巨人對抗：墨西哥新左派政黨的興起與民主的鬥爭》, 大學公園，賓州：賓州出版社, 1997, 頁39-44, 55-66.
਍䈀爀甀栀渀Ⰰ 䬀愀琀栀氀攀攀渀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀吀愀欀椀渀最 漀渀 䜀漀氀椀愀琀栀㨀 吀栀攀 䔀洀攀爀最攀渀挀攀 漀昀 愀 一攀眀 䰀攀昀琀 倀愀爀琀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 匀琀爀甀最最氀攀 昀漀爀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀 椀渀 䴀攀砀椀挀漀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀愀爀欀Ⰰ 倀䄀㨀 倀攀渀渀 匀琀愀琀攀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㜀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㌀㤀ⴀ㐀㐀Ⰰ 㔀㔀ⴀ㘀㘀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Bruncan, Thomas C. 與 W. E. Hewitt.,“巴西政治變遷中教會影響力的典型”,਍퐰ͫ㾏뭥硬୛㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㈀ ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀䄀ࡓ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㠀㤀⤀㨀 ㌀㤀ⴀ㘀㈀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䈀爀甀渀挀愀渀Ⰰ 吀栀漀洀愀猀 䌀⸀ 愀渀搀 圀⸀ 䔀⸀ 䠀攀眀椀琀琀⸀ ∀倀愀琀琀攀爀渀猀 漀昀 䌀栀甀爀挀栀 䤀渀昀氀甀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 䈀爀愀稀椀氀✀猀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 吀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䌀漀洀瀀愀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㈀ ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀伀挀琀漀戀攀爀 ㄀㤀㠀㤀⤀㨀 ㌀㤀ⴀ㘀㈀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Cavendish, James C.,“基督教社區與建立民主：巴西與智利”,਍霰奛㹥͹硧୛㰰⼀攀洀㸀 㔀㔀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀ༀ捙彛Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㐀⤀㨀 ㄀㜀㤀ⴀ㤀㔀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䌀愀瘀攀渀搀椀猀栀Ⰰ 䨀愀洀攀猀 䌀⸀ ∀䌀栀爀椀猀琀椀愀渀 戀愀猀攀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 漀昀 搀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀㨀 䈀爀愀稀椀氀 愀渀搀 䌀栀椀氀攀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀匀漀挀椀漀氀漀最礀 漀昀 刀攀氀椀最椀漀渀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 㔀㔀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀匀甀洀洀攀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㐀⤀㨀 ㄀㜀㤀ⴀ㤀㔀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Colburn, Forrest D.,“拉丁美洲犯罪事件”,਍瀰灵஋㰰⼀攀洀㸀 㐀㔀 ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀ༀ捙彛Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㠀⤀㨀 ㈀㜀ⴀ㌀　⸀㰀戀爀㸀䌀漀氀戀甀爀渀Ⰰ 䘀漀爀爀攀猀琀 䐀⸀ ∀䌀爀椀洀攀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䐀椀猀猀攀渀琀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 㐀㔀 ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀匀甀洀洀攀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀⤀㨀 ㈀㜀ⴀ㌀　⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀ᰀ缠﹢Ɗര權限與共識”,਍錰硯멛ㅎඐ刊》, 十一月 13, 1993, L12.
"Commitment, competence and consensus." The Economist. November 13, 1993, L12.

“墨西哥與委內瑞拉政黨與社會：為什麼競爭重要”,਍퐰ͫ㾏뭥硬୛㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㔀 ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀ࡖ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㌀⤀㨀 ㈀㔀㌀ⴀ㈀㜀㄀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䌀漀瀀瀀攀搀最攀Ⰰ 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀⸀ ∀倀愀爀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀挀椀攀琀礀 椀渀 䴀攀砀椀挀漀 愀渀搀 嘀攀渀攀稀甀攀氀愀㨀 圀栀礀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀渀 洀愀琀琀攀爀猀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䌀漀洀瀀愀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㔀 ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀䄀瀀爀椀氀 ㄀㤀㤀㌀⤀㨀 ㈀㔀㌀ⴀ㈀㜀㄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

“經濟危機對經濟改革有助益嗎？1960年代的阿根廷與委內瑞拉”,਍㼰뭥硬捛൛刊》 112 (4) (冬季號, 1997-8): 617-44.
Corrales, Javier. "Do Economic Crises Contribute to Economic Reform? Argentina and Venezuela in the 1990s." Political Science Quarterly 112 (4) (Winter 1997-8): 617-44.

਍㰀瀀㸀䌀爀愀最愀渀Ⰰ 䴀愀爀最愀爀攀琀 ܀₂倀攀琀攀爀 匀洀椀琀栀⸀Ⰰᰀ踠㉿୭뙗楛綗ᵔ밠㱥攀洀㸀ഀ《美洲：新詮釋評論》, 編者 Alfred Stepan. 紐約：牛津大學出版社, 頁79-102.
Cragan, Margaret and Peter Smith. "The State of Revolution in the Americas." In The Americas: New Interpretative Essays. Edited by Alfred Stepan. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 79-102.

਍㰀瀀㸀䌀爀椀猀瀀Ⰰ 䈀爀椀愀渀⸀Ⰰᰀ퐠杙幑쥴ᅢ㭬葎鍶㥯楥鎗坽ᶚⰠ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲研究評論》 33 (1) (1998): 7-42.
Crisp, Brian. "Lessons from Economic Reform in the Venezuelan Democracy." Latin American Research Review 33 (1) (1998): 7-42.

਍㰀瀀㸀䌀爀甀稀Ⰰ 䌀漀渀猀甀攀氀漀 ܀₂刀甀琀 䐀椀愀洀椀渀琀⸀Ⰰᰀ줠Ţ蹎㉿끭쵥讎㮁ᵎⰠ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《民主期਍୒㰰⼀攀洀㸀 㠀 ⠀㐀⤀ ⠀䄀ࡓ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㠀⤀㨀 ㄀㄀㔀ⴀ㈀㜀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Cruz, Consuelo and Rut Diamint. "The New Military Autonomy in Latin America." Journal of Democracy 8 (4) (October 1998): 115-27.

਍㰀瀀㸀搀攀 氀愀 伀Ⰰ 刀漀最攀氀椀漀 刀愀洀椀爀攀稀⸀Ⰰᰀㄠ㤀㤀㐀ⴀ㤀㔀琀ꡞ罘ꭔ≢煽当ݪ鎂浯鶅ᩨ盿䉵ၓ㊘Ɩ⨰虧罓䶐ᵑ†밀㱥攀洀㸀ഀ《墨西哥披索危機：國際觀點》, 編者Riordan Roett. Boulder, 科羅拉多州, 1996, 頁11-33.
de la O, Rogelio Ramirez. "The Mexican Peso Crisis and Recession of 1994-95: Preventable Then, Avoidable in the Future." In The Mexican Peso Crisis: International Perspectives. Edited by Riordan Roett. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1996, pp. 11-33.

਍㰀瀀㸀搀攀 匀漀琀漀Ⰰ 䠀攀爀渀愀渀搀漀⸀Ⰰ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《另一條路：第三世界看不見的革命》, 紐約: Harper & Row, 1989, 頁3-15, 33-57, 131-51, 244-55.
਍搀攀 匀漀琀漀Ⰰ 䠀攀爀渀愀渀搀漀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀吀栀攀 伀琀栀攀爀 倀愀琀栀㨀 吀栀攀 䤀渀瘀椀猀椀戀氀攀 刀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 吀栀椀爀搀 圀漀爀氀搀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 䠀愀爀瀀攀爀 ☀愀洀瀀㬀 刀漀眀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㌀ⴀ㄀㔀Ⰰ ㌀㌀ⴀ㔀㜀Ⰰ ㄀㌀㄀ⴀ㔀㄀Ⰰ ㈀㐀㐀ⴀ㔀㔀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Dix, Robert H.,“拉丁美洲政黨的民主化與制度化”਍퐰ͫ㾏뭥ᑬ癸୺㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㐀 ⠀㐀⤀ ⠀ࡎ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㈀⤀㨀 㐀㠀㠀ⴀ㔀㈀㄀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䐀椀砀Ⰰ 刀漀戀攀爀琀 䠀⸀ ∀䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀猀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䌀漀洀瀀愀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 匀琀甀搀椀攀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㐀 ⠀㐀⤀ ⠀䨀愀渀甀愀爀礀 ㄀㤀㤀㈀⤀㨀 㐀㠀㠀ⴀ㔀㈀㄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Dominguez, Jorge I. 與 Abraham F. Lowenthal, 編਍侮쭞ᅩ㭬뭎٬ᩴ냿坥蹓㉿ᅭ㭬୎㰰⼀攀洀㸀 Ⰰ 㹝ひ楗౤곿척ⶑᩝӿൿ溗텦꾑❥硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㘀㨀Ā㆘㐀㜀ⴀ㠀㜀 ⠀㼀㦖ݞ罝⦉⸀㰀戀爀㸀䐀漀洀椀渀最甀攀稀Ⰰ 䨀漀爀最攀 䤀⸀ 愀渀搀 䄀戀爀愀栀愀洀 䘀⸀ 䰀漀眀攀渀琀栀愀氀Ⰰ 攀搀猀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀䌀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀渀最 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀椀挀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀愀渀挀攀㨀 吀栀攀 一攀眀 匀漀甀琀栀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀椀攀猀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䈀愀氀琀椀洀漀爀攀Ⰰ 䴀䐀㨀 䨀漀栀渀猀 䠀漀瀀欀椀渀猀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀㨀瀀瀀⸀ ㄀㐀㜀ⴀ㠀㜀 ⠀䄀爀最攀渀琀椀渀愀 愀渀搀 䈀爀愀稀椀氀⤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Dresser, Denise.,“從繩索落下：墨西哥危機的政治經濟學”於਍꠰罘ㅔ㤀㤀㐀琀ᩞ囿遒끧ࡥʂ㑞葘⥶灝佯䱕஘㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս厀攀戀愀猀琀椀愀渀 䔀搀眀愀爀搀猀 ܀₂䴀漀椀猀攀猀 一愀椀洀⸀ ፶禘䁲ᩓ懿杓祝ୗ魗貖獔艹텗ΑⱧ ㄀㤀㤀㜀Ⰰ Ā㖘㔀ⴀ㠀　⸀㰀戀爀㸀䐀爀攀猀猀攀爀Ⰰ 䐀攀渀椀猀攀⸀ ∀䘀愀氀氀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 吀椀最栀琀爀漀瀀攀㨀 吀栀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䔀挀漀渀漀洀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀攀砀椀挀愀渀 䌀爀椀猀椀猀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀䴀攀砀椀挀漀 ㄀㤀㤀㐀㨀 䄀渀愀琀漀洀礀 漀昀 愀渀 䔀洀攀爀最椀渀最ⴀ䴀愀爀欀攀琀 䌀爀愀猀栀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 匀攀戀愀猀琀椀愀渀 䔀搀眀愀爀搀猀 愀渀搀 䴀漀椀猀攀猀 一愀椀洀⸀ 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀Ⰰ 䐀䌀㨀 䌀愀爀渀攀最椀攀 䔀渀搀漀眀洀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 倀攀愀挀攀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㜀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ 㔀㔀ⴀ㠀　⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Dresser, Denise.,“墨西哥：執政黨的衰退”於਍侮쭞ᅩ㭬뭎٬ᩴㇿ㤀㤀　琀ꡎ罘Ŕⴰ蹎㉿ŭܰꂂ퉒푒睫ஊୗ㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս₀䨀漀爀最攀 䤀⸀ 䐀漀洀椀渀最甀攀稀 ܀₂䄀戀爀愀栀愀洀 䘀⸀ 䰀漀眀攀渀琀栀愀氀⸀Ⰰ 㹝ひ楗౤곿척ⶑᩝӿൿ溗텦꾑❥硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ Ā㆘㔀㤀ⴀ㠀㐀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Dresser, Denise. "Mexico: The Decline of Dominant Party Rule." In Constructing Democratic Governance: Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean in the 1990s. Edited by Jorge I. Dominguez and Abraham F. Lowenthal. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, pp. 159-84.

਍䔀搀眀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 匀攀戀愀猀琀椀愀渀⸀Ⰰᰀꠠ罘ꭔ≢煽当ᩪᇿᅢ卷᪐ᅙ὜ᇿᅢ쁐뱎䊞ᥦ卷ᾐ᷿Ⱐ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《世界經濟》 21 (1) ((一月號, 1998): 1-26.
਍䔀搀眀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 匀攀戀愀猀琀椀愀渀⸀ ∀吀栀攀 䴀攀砀椀挀愀渀 倀攀猀漀 䌀爀椀猀椀猀㨀 䠀漀眀 䴀甀挀栀 䐀椀搀 圀攀 䬀渀漀眀㼀 圀栀攀渀 䐀椀搀 圀攀 䬀渀漀眀 䤀琀㼀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀吀栀攀 圀漀爀氀搀 䔀挀漀渀漀洀礀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㄀ ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀䨀愀渀甀愀爀礀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀⤀㨀 ㄀ⴀ㈀㘀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Evans, Peter.,“多國、國營企業與帝國主義轉型：以巴西為例”,਍錰籯啶ݜ螂ᙥ詓瞋ஐ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㘀 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀䄀ࡓ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㜀㜀⤀㨀 㐀㌀ⴀ㘀㐀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Evans, Peter. "Multinationals, State-Owned Corporations, and the Transformation of Imperialism: A Brazilian Case Study." Economic Development and Cultural Change 26 (1) (October 1977): 43-64.

਍㰀瀀㸀䔀瘀愀渀猀Ⰰ 倀攀琀攀爀⸀Ⰰᰀଠ뙗佛䱕ޘ窉륬䡥ᩨꃿ橣ř൭푩㚚ݒ傂쭽詩瞋ᶐ밠⁥㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《經濟調節的政治學：國際限制、分配的衝突與國家》, 編者Stephan Haggard 與 Robert R. Kaufman., 普林斯頓，新澤西州：普林斯頓大學出版社, 頁182-3, 211-5.
਍䔀瘀愀渀猀Ⰰ 倀攀琀攀爀⸀ ∀吀栀攀 匀琀愀琀攀 愀猀 倀爀漀戀氀攀洀 愀渀搀 匀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀㨀 倀爀攀搀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䔀洀戀攀搀搀攀搀 䄀甀琀漀渀漀洀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 䌀栀愀渀最攀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀吀栀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀 漀昀 䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 䄀搀樀甀猀琀洀攀渀琀㨀 䤀椀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䌀漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀猀Ⰰ 䐀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀瘀攀 䌀漀渀昀氀椀挀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 匀琀愀琀攀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 匀琀攀瀀栀愀渀 䠀愀最最愀爀搀 愀渀搀 刀漀戀攀爀琀 刀⸀ 䬀愀甀昀洀愀渀⸀ 倀爀椀渀挀攀琀漀渀Ⰰ 一䨀㨀 倀爀椀渀挀攀琀漀渀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㈀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㄀㠀㈀ⴀ㌀Ⰰ ㈀㄀㄀ⴀ㔀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Fischer, Berhard.,“觀點”於਍줰Ţ蹎㉿業驺ݛ㦂楥᪗ᇿᅢ葐쭶덺⢞ὔ௿㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս䢀攀爀洀愀渀渀 匀愀甀琀琀攀爀 ܀₂刀漀氀昀 匀挀栀椀渀欀攀⸀Ⰰ 가랙챟ⲑ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ Ā㊘㐀㜀ⴀ㘀　⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Fischer, Berhard. "Comment." In Stabilization and reforms in Latin America: Where do we stand? Edited by Hermann Sautter and Rolf Schinke. Madrid: Iberoamericana, 1996, pp. 247-60.

਍㰀瀀㸀䘀爀愀渀欀Ⰰ 䄀渀搀爀攀 䜀甀渀搀攀爀⸀Ⰰᰀ丠ꙏ籞啶葜籶啶ᵜ밠㱥攀洀㸀ഀ《發展的承諾：拉丁美洲變遷理論》, 編者Peter F. Klaren 與 Thomas J. Bossert. Boulder, 科羅拉多州, 1986, 頁111-23.
਍䘀爀愀渀欀Ⰰ 䄀渀搀爀攀 䜀甀渀搀攀爀⸀ ∀吀栀攀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 唀渀搀攀爀搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀倀爀漀洀椀猀攀 漀昀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀㨀 吀栀攀漀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 䌀栀愀渀最攀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 倀攀琀攀爀 䘀⸀ 䬀氀愀爀攀渀 愀渀搀 吀栀漀洀愀猀 䨀⸀ 䈀漀猀猀攀爀琀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀伀㨀 圀攀猀琀瘀椀攀眀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㘀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㄀㄀㄀ⴀ㈀㌀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Froehle, Bryan T.,“宗教競爭、社區建立與拉丁美洲民主：委內瑞拉草根宗教”,਍霰奛㹥͹硧୛㰰⼀攀洀㸀 㔀㔀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀ༀ捙彛Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㐀⤀㨀 ㄀㐀㔀ⴀ㘀㈀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䘀爀漀攀栀氀攀Ⰰ 䈀爀礀愀渀 吀⸀ ∀刀攀氀椀最椀漀甀猀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀㨀 最爀愀猀猀爀漀漀琀猀 爀攀氀椀最椀漀甀猀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 嘀攀渀攀稀甀攀氀愀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀匀漀挀椀漀氀漀最礀 漀昀 刀攀氀椀最椀漀渀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 㔀㔀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀匀甀洀洀攀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㐀⤀㨀 ㄀㐀㔀ⴀ㘀㈀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Gaskill, Newton J.,“再思拉丁美洲新教徒與民主統合”,਍霰奛㹥͹硧୛㰰⼀攀洀㸀 㔀㠀 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀─捦彛Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㜀⤀㨀 㘀㤀ⴀ㤀㄀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䜀愀猀欀椀氀氀Ⰰ 一攀眀琀漀渀 䨀⸀ ∀刀攀琀栀椀渀欀椀渀最 倀爀漀琀攀猀琀愀渀琀椀猀洀 愀渀搀 搀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀椀挀 挀漀渀猀漀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀匀漀挀椀漀氀漀最礀 漀昀 刀攀氀椀最椀漀渀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 㔀㠀 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀匀瀀爀椀渀最Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㜀⤀㨀 㘀㤀ⴀ㤀㄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Gay, Robert.,“里約熱內盧鄰近區域組織與政治變遷”,਍줰Ţ蹎㉿ᑭ癸啺횊ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㔀 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀　⤀㨀 ㄀　㈀ⴀ㄀㠀⸀㰀戀爀㸀㰀瀀㸀䜀愀礀Ⰰ 刀漀戀攀爀琀⸀ ∀一攀椀最栀戀漀爀栀漀漀搀 䄀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䌀栀愀渀最攀 椀渀 刀椀漀 搀攀 䨀愀渀攀椀爀漀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㔀 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀　⤀㨀 ㄀　㈀ⴀ㄀㠀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Geddes, Barbara.,“拉丁美洲民主改革的賽局理論模型”,਍踰㉿㽭뭥硬啛횊ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 㠀㔀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀洀ࡑ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㄀⤀㨀 ㌀㜀㄀ⴀ㠀㤀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䜀攀搀搀攀猀Ⰰ 䈀愀爀戀愀爀愀⸀ ∀䄀 䜀愀洀攀 吀栀攀漀爀攀琀椀挀 䴀漀搀攀氀 漀昀 刀攀昀漀爀洀 渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀椀攀猀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 㠀㔀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀䨀甀渀攀 ㄀㤀㤀㄀⤀㨀 ㌀㜀㄀ⴀ㠀㤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Geddes, Barbara.,“經濟自由化的政治學”,਍줰Ţ蹎㉿ᑭ癸啺횊ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀　 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㔀⤀㨀 ㄀㤀㐀ⴀ㈀㄀㐀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䜀攀搀搀攀猀Ⰰ 䈀愀爀戀愀爀愀⸀ ∀吀栀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀 漀昀 䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 䰀椀戀攀爀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀　 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㔀⤀㨀 ㄀㤀㐀ⴀ㈀㄀㐀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Gereffi, Gary.,“墨西哥毒品企業與依賴：類固醇荷爾蒙纇工業案例”,਍ର魗䒖命୾㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㈀ ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀가捑彛Ⲇ ㄀㤀㜀㠀⤀㨀 ㈀㌀㜀ⴀ㠀㘀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䜀攀爀攀昀昀椀Ⰰ 䜀愀爀礀⸀ ∀䐀爀甀最 䘀椀爀洀猀 愀渀搀 䐀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀挀礀 椀渀 䴀攀砀椀挀漀㨀 吀栀攀 䌀愀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀琀攀爀漀椀搀 䠀漀爀洀漀渀攀 䤀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㈀ ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀圀椀渀琀攀爀 ㄀㤀㜀㠀⤀㨀 ㈀㌀㜀ⴀ㠀㘀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Gervasoni, Carlos.,“拉丁美洲市場導向改革的選舉結果”, 未定 ਍㰀戀爀㸀䜀攀爀瘀愀猀漀渀椀Ⰰ 䌀愀爀氀漀猀⸀ ∀吀栀攀 䔀氀攀挀琀漀爀愀氀 䌀漀渀猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀猀 漀昀 䴀愀爀欀攀琀ⴀ伀爀椀攀渀琀攀搀 刀攀昀漀爀洀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀∀ 吀䈀䄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Gaviria, Cesar.,“半球的未來”,਍ର魗ᒖ癸ݺᚂ䱎譵ὒ൧刊》 39 (1) (春季號, 1997): 5-11.
਍䜀愀瘀椀爀椀愀Ⰰ 䌀攀猀愀爀⸀ ∀吀栀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀攀洀椀猀瀀栀攀爀攀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀 漀昀 䤀渀琀攀爀愀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 匀琀甀搀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 圀漀爀氀搀 䄀昀昀愀椀爀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㤀 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀匀瀀爀椀渀最 ㄀㤀㤀㜀⤀㨀 㔀ⴀ㄀㄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Haggard, Stephan, 與 Robert R. Kaufman.,“導論”於਍錰뽯삊葻㽶뭥硬ᩛ௿魗傖㚖Œذ䵒蒑嵶膈ݺஂ뙗୛㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս厀琀攀瀀栀愀渀 䠀愀最最愀爀搀 ܀₂刀漀戀攀爀琀 刀⸀ 䬀愀甀昀洀愀渀⸀Ⰰ 渀靦꽧፥Ⲙ 뀀ꑥ罯ⱝ 渀靦꽧፥➘硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㈀Ⰰ Ā㎘ⴀ㌀㜀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Haggard, Stephan, and Robert R. Kaufman. "Introduction." In The Politics of Economic Adjustment: Iinternational Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State. Edited by Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992, pp. 3-37.

਍㰀瀀㸀䠀漀氀猀琀漀渀Ⰰ 䨀愀洀攀猀⸀Ⰰᰀ픠譬葟⽶꒓᪊罝ᾉしݗ㢂咗ᵏⰠ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《社會與歷史比較學》 33 (4) (十月, 1991): 695-725.
Holston, James. "The Misrule of Law: Land and Usurpation in Brazil." Comparative Studies in Society and History 33 (4) (October 1991): 695-725.

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Horcasitas, Juan Molinar.,“改變霸਍㽫풞㚚୒ൎ權力的平衡：墨西哥為例” 於਍뀰ᅥ㭬ⵎ葎㙶Ꙓⵞࢊ᪊燿偧ݫ즂Ţ蹎㉿୭㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս₀䄀爀攀渀搀 䰀椀樀瀀栀愀爀琀 ܀₂䌀愀爀氀漀猀 䠀⸀ 圀愀椀猀洀愀渀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 턀蕹쥿ᩢⱝ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ Ā㆘㌀㜀ⴀ㔀㤀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䠀漀爀挀愀猀椀琀愀猀Ⰰ 䨀甀愀渀 䴀漀氀椀渀愀爀⸀ ∀䌀栀愀渀最椀渀最 琀栀攀 䈀愀氀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 倀漀眀攀爀 椀渀 愀 䠀攀最攀洀漀渀椀挀 倀愀爀琀礀 匀礀猀琀攀洀㨀 吀栀攀 䌀愀猀攀 漀昀 䴀攀砀椀挀漀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䐀攀猀椀最渀 椀渀 一攀眀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀椀攀猀㨀 䔀愀猀琀攀爀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀 愀渀搀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䄀爀攀渀搀 䰀椀樀瀀栀愀爀琀 愀渀搀 䌀愀爀氀漀猀 䠀⸀ 圀愀椀猀洀愀渀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀伀⸀㨀 圀攀猀琀瘀椀攀眀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㄀㌀㜀ⴀ㔀㤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍䠀甀渀琀攀爀Ⰰ圀攀渀搀礀⸀Ⰰᰀ㼠뭥멬楎ݲ춂몎葎൶靜ᩢ罝貉桟셳㮈ꥎ葿쵶讎ﵺᶌⰠ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《比較政治學》 (27) (七月號, 1995): 425-43.
਍䠀甀渀琀攀爀Ⰰ圀攀渀搀礀⸀ ∀倀漀氀椀琀椀挀椀愀渀猀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 匀漀氀搀椀攀爀猀㨀 䌀漀渀琀攀猀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䴀椀氀椀琀愀爀礀 椀渀 倀漀猀琀愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀愀爀椀愀渀 䈀爀愀稀椀氀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䌀漀洀瀀愀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ⠀㈀㜀⤀ ⠀䨀甀氀礀 ㄀㤀㤀㔀⤀㨀 㐀㈀㔀ⴀ㐀㌀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Huntington, Samuel P., ਍訰瞋㺐͹ⵧ葎㽶뭥轹୞㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 뜀䍞䮏㩝 㘀澀➛硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㘀㠀Ⰰ Ā㆘ⴀ㄀㄀Ⰰ 㜀㠀ⴀ㤀㈀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䠀甀渀琀椀渀最琀漀渀Ⰰ 匀愀洀甀攀氀 倀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 伀爀搀攀爀 椀渀 䌀栀愀渀最椀渀最 匀漀挀椀攀琀椀攀猀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 一攀眀 䠀愀瘀攀渀Ⰰ 䌀吀㨀 夀愀氀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㘀㠀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㄀ⴀ㄀㄀Ⰰ 㜀㠀ⴀ㤀㈀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Huntington, Samuel P. “執政官問題 ”於਍ⰰॻᩬ賿䅎ᙓN豽Ὗ葧ᅶ㭬ᙎ୓㰰⼀攀洀㸀 最䭙쥑睢것❝硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㄀Ⰰ Ā㊘㌀㄀ⴀ㔀㌀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䠀甀渀琀椀渀最琀漀渀Ⰰ 匀愀洀甀攀氀 倀⸀ ∀吀栀攀 倀爀愀攀琀漀爀椀愀渀 倀爀漀戀氀攀洀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀吀栀攀 吀栀椀爀搀 圀愀瘀攀㨀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䰀愀琀攀 吀眀攀渀琀椀攀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 一漀爀洀愀渀㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 伀欀氀愀栀漀洀愀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㄀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㈀㌀㄀ⴀ㔀㌀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Huntington, Samuel P.,“施虐者問題”於਍ⰰॻᩬ賿䅎ᙓN豽Ὗ葧ᅶ㭬ᙎ୓㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 最䭙쥑睢것❝硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㄀Ⰰ Ā㊘㄀㄀ⴀ㌀㄀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䠀甀渀琀椀渀最琀漀渀Ⰰ 匀愀洀甀攀氀 倀⸀ ∀吀栀攀 吀漀爀琀甀爀攀爀 倀爀漀戀氀攀洀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀吀栀攀 吀栀椀爀搀 圀愀瘀攀㨀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䰀愀琀攀 吀眀攀渀琀椀攀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 一漀爀洀愀渀㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 伀欀氀愀栀漀洀愀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㄀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㈀㄀㄀ⴀ㌀㄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

美洲際開發銀行, “十年改革後的拉丁美洲”,਍줰Ţ蹎㉿鍭ݯ㺂͹籧啶ଡ଼ᨰㇿ㤀㤀㜀ⴀ㤀㠀琀ㅞ䩘㱔⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 가척ⶑⱝ Ѐൿ溗텦꾑❥硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㠀Ⰰ Ā㎘㄀ⴀ㠀㈀Ⰰ ㄀㈀　ⴀ㄀Ⰰ ㄀㈀㐀ⴀ㐀㠀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Inter-American Development Bank. "Latin America after a Decade of Reforms." Economic and Social Progress in Latin America: 1997-98 Report. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998, pp. 31-82, 120-1, 124-48.

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美洲際開發銀行,“十年改革後的拉丁美洲”,਍줰Ţ蹎㉿鍭ݯ㺂͹籧啶ଡ଼ᨰㇿ㤀㤀㠀ⴀ㤀㤀琀ㅞ䩘㱔⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 가척ⶑ㩝Ѐൿ溗텦꾑❥硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㤀⸀ Ā㆘㄀ⴀ㈀㌀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䤀渀琀攀爀ⴀ䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 䈀愀渀欀⸀ ∀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀 愀昀琀攀爀 愀 䐀攀挀愀搀攀 漀昀 刀攀昀漀爀洀猀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 愀渀搀 匀漀挀椀愀氀 倀爀漀最爀攀猀猀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀㨀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀ⴀ㤀㤀 刀攀瀀漀爀琀⸀ 䈀愀氀琀椀洀漀爀攀Ⰰ 䴀䐀㨀 䨀漀栀渀猀 䠀漀瀀欀椀渀猀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㤀⸀ 瀀瀀⸀ ㄀㄀ⴀ㈀㌀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Karl, Terry 與 Philippe C. Schmitter.,“民主是什麼…與不是什麼”,਍ᄰ㭬὎൧刊》 2 (3) (夏季號, 1991): 75-86.
Karl, Terry and Philippe C. Schmitter. "What Democracy is… and is Not." Journal of Democracy 2 (3) (Summer 1991): 75-86.

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Katz, Ian.,“新一代的強人會破壞拉丁民主嗎？”,਍䘰浕ㅩඐ刊》, 五月, 18, 1998, 頁61.
Katz, Ian. "Will a new breed of strongman undermine Latin democracy?" Business Week, May 18, 1998, p. 61.

਍㰀瀀㸀䬀攀挀欀Ⰰ 䴀愀爀最愀爀攀琀 䔀⸀Ⰰ ܀₂䬀愀琀栀爀礀渀 匀椀欀欀椀渀欀⸀ᰀ줠Ţ蹎㉿멭ൎ權主張網絡”於਍䰰했Ւ薀認認ս᪀௿魗㾖뭥硬㭛㕎뉟慽୽㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 먀牽玂ᩏჿѽᩝ럿䍞㹎❲硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㠀Ⰰ Ā㞘㤀ⴀ㄀㈀　⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Keck, Margaret E., and Kathryn Sikkink. "Human Rights Advocacy Networks in Latin America." In Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998, pp. 79-120.

਍㰀瀀㸀䬀氀愀爀攀渀Ⰰ 倀攀琀攀爀 䘀⸀Ⰰᰀㄠᩏ쮉즑Ţ蹎㉿乭ꙏ籞啶ᵜ밠㱥攀洀㸀ഀ《開發承諾：拉丁美洲改變理論》, 編者Peter F. Klaren 與 Thomas J. Bossert. Boulder, 科羅拉多州, 1986,頁3-33.
Klaren, Peter F. "Lost Promise: Explaining Latin American Underdevelopment." In Promise of Development: Theories of Change in Latin America. Edited by Peter F. Klaren and Thomas J. Bossert. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1986, pp. 3-33.

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Krauze, Enrique., 墨西哥：਍魫ᡥ᪊ꣿ罘﹔㱓⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ကѽ᩽䣿愀爀瀀攀爀倀攀爀攀渀渀椀愀氀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㜀Ⰰ Ā㖘㐀㤀ⴀ㔀㔀㜀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䬀爀愀甀稀攀Ⰰ 䔀渀爀椀焀甀攀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀䴀攀砀椀挀漀㨀 䈀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 漀昀 倀漀眀攀爀㨀 䄀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 㰀攀洀㸀䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 䴀漀搀攀爀渀 䴀攀砀椀挀漀Ⰰ ㄀㠀㄀　ⴀ㄀㤀㤀㘀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 䠀愀爀瀀攀爀倀攀爀攀渀渀椀愀氀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㜀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ 㔀㐀㤀ⴀ㔀㔀㜀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Lagos, Marta.,“新民主的公共觀點：拉丁美洲的微笑假面”,਍ᄰ㭬὎൧刊》 8 (3) (七月號, 1997): 125-38.
਍䰀愀最漀猀Ⰰ 䴀愀爀琀愀⸀ ∀倀甀戀氀椀挀 伀瀀椀渀椀漀渀 椀渀 一攀眀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀椀攀猀㨀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀✀猀 匀洀椀氀椀渀最 䴀愀猀欀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀 漀昀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 㠀 ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀䨀甀氀礀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀⤀㨀 ㄀㈀㔀ⴀ㌀㠀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀䰀愀眀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䌀栀愀瀀瀀攀氀氀⸀Ⰰ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《建構第四਍ᩫꣿ罘ᅔ㭬ᙎݓ銂푚讚㺕୥㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 娀환螊౥㿿뭥硬ﭛ౼㥓孎❏硙ⱛ ㄀㤀㤀㤀Ⰰ Ā㆘ⴀ㄀㄀Ⰰ 㤀㤀ⴀ㌀㌀㈀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Lawson, Chappell. Building the Fourth Estate: Democratization and Media Opening in Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, Stanford University, 1999, pp. 1-11, 99-332.

਍ഀഀ

Lawson, Chappell.,“墨西哥的新政治：1997年大選”, 民主期਍㱒⼀攀洀㸀 㠀 ⠀㐀⤀ ⠀䄀ࡓ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㜀⤀㨀 ㄀㌀ⴀ㈀㜀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䰀愀眀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䌀栀愀瀀瀀攀氀氀⸀ ∀䴀攀砀椀挀漀✀猀 一攀眀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀㨀 吀栀攀 䔀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀 漀昀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 㠀 ⠀㐀⤀ ⠀伀挀琀漀戀攀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀⤀㨀 ㄀㌀ⴀ㈀㜀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Lawson, Chappell.,“墨西哥的未完成的轉型：墨西哥民主化與獨裁區域”, ਍꠰罘ᑔ癸୺㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㄀㘀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀ༀ捙彛Ⲇ ㈀　　　⤀㨀 ㈀㘀㜀ⴀ㠀㜀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Lawson, Chappell. "Mexico's Unfinished Transition: Democratization and Authoritarian Enclaves in Mexico." Estudios Mexicanos/Mexican Studies 16 (2) (Summer 2000): 267-87.

਍㰀瀀㸀䰀攀攀搀猀Ⰰ 䔀氀椀稀愀戀攀琀栀⸀Ⰰᰀ罝ﶉʐᙞ൙䁗著籧ޞ玂䱞㾈뭥ᩬ䃿❗ᅠ㭬ᙎ葓偶㚖ᵒ㰠攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲研究評論》 31 (3) (1996): 47-83.
Leeds, Elizabeth. "Cocaine and Parallel Polities in the Brazilian Urban Periphery: Constraints on Local-Level Democratization." Latin American Research Review 31 (3) (1996): 47-83.

਍㰀瀀㸀䰀攀瘀椀渀攀Ⰰ 䐀愀渀椀攀氀⸀ᰀ鸠奟ɥݘஂ뙗せ青奛ݥ㾂뭥ݬ趂﹑ᵳⰠ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《世界事務》 150 (2) (秋季號, 1987): 93-108.
Levine, Daniel. "From Church and State to Religion and Politics and Back Again." World Affairs 150 (2) (Fall 1987): 93-108.

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Lindenberg, Marc.,“世界經濟循環與中美洲政治不穩定”, ਍ᘰ䱎㽵뭥୬㰰⼀攀洀㸀 㐀㈀ ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀ࡖ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀　⤀㨀 ㌀㤀㜀ⴀ㐀㈀㄀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䰀椀渀搀攀渀戀攀爀最Ⰰ 䴀愀爀挀⸀ ∀圀漀爀氀搀 䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 䌀礀挀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 䌀攀渀琀爀愀氀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䤀渀猀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀圀漀爀氀搀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 㐀㈀ ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀䄀瀀爀椀氀 ㄀㤀㤀　⤀㨀 ㌀㤀㜀ⴀ㐀㈀㄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Linz, Juan, 與 Alfred Stepan., ਍ᄰ㭬䥎讏ݗ熂ࡽ葔佶䱕᪘埿偓ū地蹓ݿ貂煟≑㭵ꥎ偿㉫୭㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 㹝ひ楗౤곿척ⶑᩝӿൿ溗텦꾑❥硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ Ā㆘㔀㄀ⴀ㄀㘀㔀Ⰰ ㄀㤀　ⴀ㈀㄀㠀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Linz, Juan, and Alfred Stepan. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, pp. 151-165, 190-218.

਍㰀瀀㸀䰀椀瀀猀攀琀Ⰰ 匀攀礀洀漀甀爀 䴀愀爀琀椀渀⸀Ⰰ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《政治人》, 巴爾地摩，馬里蘭州：約翰霍普金斯大學出版社, 1981, 頁27-63.
Lipset, Seymour Martin. Political Man. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981, pp. 27-63.

਍㰀瀀㸀䰀漀瀀攀猀Ⰰ 䨀甀愀爀攀稀 䈀爀愀渀搀☀⌀㈀㈀㜀㬀漀⸀Ⰰᰀ罝鎉㥯楥蒗㭶ᦖᵹ밠㱥攀洀㸀ഀ《新民主的制度設計：東歐與拉丁美洲》, 編者Arend Lijphart 與 Carlos H. Waisman. Boulder, 科羅拉多州, 1996, 頁195-218.
Lopes, Juarez Brandão. "Obstacles to Economic Reform in Brazil." In Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America. Edited by Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1996, pp. 195-218.

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Mainwaring, Scott, 與 Timothy R. Scully., ਍侮쭞ᅩ㭬㙎Ꙓᩞ짿Ţ蹎㉿㽭㚞Ꙓ୞㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ  㥓孎౏ꃿᩝ㥓孎❏硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㔀Ⰰ Ā㆘ⴀ㌀㐀Ⰰ ㌀㔀㐀ⴀ㤀㠀Ⰰ 㐀㔀㤀ⴀ㜀㐀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䴀愀椀渀眀愀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 匀挀漀琀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 吀椀洀漀琀栀礀 刀⸀ 匀挀甀氀氀礀⸀㰀攀洀㸀 䈀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀椀挀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀猀㨀 倀愀爀琀礀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 匀琀愀渀昀漀爀搀Ⰰ 䌀䄀㨀 匀琀愀渀昀漀爀搀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㔀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㄀ⴀ㌀㐀Ⰰ ㌀㔀㐀ⴀ㤀㠀Ⰰ 㐀㔀㤀ⴀ㜀㐀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀䴀愀甀挀攀爀椀Ⰰ 倀栀椀氀椀瀀⸀Ⰰᰀ唠潹蒛୶뙗㥛楥Ɨ漰ݶ낂ㆁ㭵ꥎ葿ᱶ햁쭒ᮄ湭ᵦᴠ†Ⰰ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲研究評論》 30 (1) (冬季號, 1995): 7-37.
਍䴀愀甀挀攀爀椀Ⰰ 倀栀椀氀椀瀀⸀ ∀匀琀愀琀攀 刀攀昀漀爀洀Ⰰ 䌀漀愀氀椀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 一攀漀氀椀戀攀爀愀氀 ✀䄀甀琀漀最漀氀瀀攀✀ 椀渀 倀攀爀甀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀　 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀圀椀渀琀攀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㔀⤀㨀 㜀ⴀ㌀㜀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Middlebrook, Kevin.,“獨裁體制中的政治自由化”於 ਍鸰桟셳熈뭽䥬讏ᩗ짿Ţ蹎㉿୭㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ  ս䞀甀椀氀氀攀爀洀漀 伀✀䐀漀渀渀攀氀氀Ⰰ 倀栀椀氀椀瀀瀀攀 䌀⸀ 匀挀栀洀椀琀琀攀爀Ⰰ ܀₂䰀愀甀爀攀渀挀攀 圀栀椀琀攀栀攀愀搀⸀Ⰰ 㹝ひ楗౤곿척ⶑᩝӿൿ溗텦꾑❥硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㠀㘀Ⰰ Ā㆘㈀㌀ⴀ㐀㔀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䴀椀搀搀氀攀戀爀漀漀欀Ⰰ 䬀攀瘀椀渀⸀ ∀倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䰀椀戀攀爀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 愀渀 䄀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀愀爀椀愀渀 刀攀最椀洀攀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀吀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀猀 昀爀漀洀 䄀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀愀爀椀愀渀 刀甀氀攀㨀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䜀甀椀氀氀攀爀洀漀 伀✀䐀漀渀渀攀氀氀Ⰰ 倀栀椀氀椀瀀瀀攀 䌀⸀ 匀挀栀洀椀琀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䰀愀甀爀攀渀挀攀 圀栀椀琀攀栀攀愀搀⸀ 䈀愀氀琀椀洀漀爀攀Ⰰ 䴀䐀㨀 䨀漀栀渀猀 䠀漀瀀欀椀渀猀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㘀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㄀㈀㌀ⴀ㐀㔀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Nelson, Joan.,“危機管理、經濟改革與哥斯大黎加民主”਍줰Ţ蹎㉿ꁭ떌ݐᆂ㭬୎㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ս䊀愀爀戀愀爀愀 匀琀愀氀氀椀渀最猀 ܀₂刀漀戀攀爀琀 䬀愀甀昀洀愀渀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 턀蕹쥿ᩢⱝ ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ Ā㆘㐀㌀ⴀ㘀㄀⸀㰀戀爀㸀一攀氀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䨀漀愀渀⸀ ∀䌀爀椀猀椀猀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 刀攀昀漀爀洀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䌀漀猀琀愀 刀椀挀愀渀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀䐀攀戀琀 愀渀搀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䈀愀爀戀愀爀愀 匀琀愀氀氀椀渀最猀 愀渀搀 刀漀戀攀爀琀 䬀愀甀昀洀愀渀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀伀㨀 圀攀猀琀瘀椀攀眀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㄀㐀㌀ⴀ㘀㄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Norden, Deborah L.,“委內瑞拉民主與軍事控制：從從屬到叛亂”, ਍줰Ţ蹎㉿ᑭ癸啺횊ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㌀ ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㠀⤀㨀 ㄀㐀㌀ⴀ㘀㌀⸀㰀戀爀㸀一漀爀搀攀渀Ⰰ 䐀攀戀漀爀愀栀 䰀⸀ ∀䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀 愀渀搀 䴀椀氀椀琀愀爀礀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 椀渀 嘀攀渀攀稀甀攀氀愀㨀 䘀爀漀洀 匀甀戀漀爀搀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 䤀渀猀甀爀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㌀ ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㠀⤀㨀 ㄀㐀㌀ⴀ㘀㌀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀伀✀䐀漀渀渀攀氀氀Ⰰ 䜀甀椀氀氀攀爀洀漀 䄀⸀Ⰰ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《現代化與官僚威਍㭫ꥎ᩿埿蹓㽿뭥ᑬ癸୺㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 케䭧൑萊：國際研究中心，加州大學, 1979, 頁51-120.
O'Donnell, Guillermo A. Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1979, pp. 51-120.

਍㰀瀀㸀伀✀䐀漀渀渀攀氀氀Ⰰ 䜀甀椀氀氀攀爀洀漀 䄀⸀Ⰰᰀ혠ஊ뙗śᄰ㭬ݎ킂魧艎❟你䱕᪘ÿ﵎쥎Ţ蹎㉿൭豜煟≑୵뙗葛쁶ᶞⰠ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《世界發展》 21 (8) (八月號, 1993): 1355-1369.
਍伀✀䐀漀渀渀攀氀氀Ⰰ 䜀甀椀氀氀攀爀洀漀 䄀⸀ ∀伀渀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀Ⰰ 搀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀甀愀氀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀㨀 愀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 瘀椀攀眀 眀椀琀栀 最氀愀渀挀攀猀 愀琀 猀漀洀攀 瀀漀猀琀挀漀洀洀甀渀椀猀琀 挀漀甀渀琀爀椀攀猀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀圀漀爀氀搀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㄀ ⠀㠀⤀ ⠀䄀甀最甀猀琀 ㄀㤀㤀㌀⤀㨀 ㄀㌀㔀㔀ⴀ㄀㌀㘀㤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Oppenheimer, Andres., ਍艭詎᩽㣿쩮詤Ɩ䤰㢋鍒}멽Ŏ㼰ꉥݛꢂ罘ᩔ肐䅟깾䭩஍㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ፘ᪘䳿椀琀琀氀攀Ⰰ 䈀爀漀眀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䌀漀⸀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ Ā㎘ⴀ㄀㔀Ⰰ ㈀㄀㔀ⴀ㌀㐀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Oppenheimer, Andres. Bordering on Chaos: Guerrillas, Stockbrokers, Politicians, and Mxico's Road to Prosperity. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1996, pp. 3-15, 215-34.

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O'Rourke, P.J.,“午餐與戰爭論”, ਍︰୷㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ⠀䄀Sࡎ彧Ⲇ ㌀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㐀⤀㨀 㠀㌀ⴀ㤀　⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ O'Rourke, P.J. "Of Lunch and War." Rolling Stone (November 3, 1994): 83-90.

਍㰀瀀㸀倀愀最渀甀挀挀漀Ⰰ 刀漀渀⸀Ⰰᰀ줠Ţ蹎㉿஍鍗蒕豶獔൞噒敻ᵵ밠㱥攀洀㸀ഀ《國家間社會運動與全球政治》, 編者Jackie Smith, Charles Chatfield, 與 Ron Pagnucco., 雪城，紐約州：雪城大學出版社, 1997, 頁123-35.
Pagnucco, Ron. "The Transnational Strategies of the Service for Peace and Justice in Latin America." In Transnational Social Movements and Global Politics. Edited by Jackie Smith, Charles Chatfield, and Ron Pagnucco. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997, pp. 123-35.

਍㰀瀀㸀倀愀椀最攀Ⰰ 䨀攀昀昀爀攀礀 䴀⸀Ⰰᰀꤠ㺅ᩴ葙陶慔ݕං權力”, ਍줰Ţ蹎㉿ᑭ癸啺횊ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㠀 ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㌀⤀㨀 㜀ⴀ㐀　⸀㰀戀爀㸀倀愀椀最攀Ⰰ 䨀攀昀昀爀攀礀 䴀⸀ ∀䌀漀昀昀攀攀 愀渀搀 倀漀眀攀爀 椀渀 䔀氀 匀愀氀瘀愀搀漀爀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㠀 ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㌀⤀㨀 㜀ⴀ㐀　⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Palmer, David Scott.,“秘魯與厄瓜多爾邊境衝突：錯失良機、錯置國族主義與多元和平主義”, ਍踰㉿鍭ޕᚂ䱎譵ᑒ癸ὺ൧刊》 39 (1) (春季號, 1997): 109-50.
Palmer, David Scott. "Peru-Ecuador Border Conflict: Missed Opportunities, Misplaced Nationalism, and Multilateral Peacekeeping." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 39 (1) (Spring 1997): 109-50.

਍㰀瀀㸀倀愀猀琀漀爀Ⰰ 䴀愀渀甀攀氀⸀Ⰰᰀ묠⥳굒鹽ᩎ᫿ꢐꢌ㦁Ɓ椰驺ݛ皂豑ᵟⰠ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《開發研究期਍୒㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㜀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀ࡎ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㄀⤀㨀 ㈀㄀㄀ⴀ㌀㌀⸀㰀戀爀㸀倀愀猀琀漀爀Ⰰ 䴀愀渀甀攀氀⸀ ∀䈀漀氀椀瘀椀愀㨀 䠀礀瀀攀爀椀渀昀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 匀琀愀戀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䈀攀礀漀渀搀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀 漀昀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 匀琀甀搀椀攀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㜀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀䨀愀渀甀愀爀礀 ㄀㤀㤀㄀⤀㨀 ㈀㄀㄀ⴀ㌀㌀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀倀愀猀琀漀爀Ⰰ 䴀愀渀甀攀氀 ܀₂䌀愀爀漀氀 圀椀猀攀⸀Ⰰᰀꠠ罘୔뙗㽛噥Żذ䵒ޑ낂ㆁ㭵ꥎ鍿㥯楥ᶗⰠ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲研究期਍୒㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㤀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀鐀ࡎ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㜀⤀㨀 㐀㄀㤀ⴀ㔀㘀⸀㰀戀爀㸀倀愀猀琀漀爀Ⰰ 䴀愀渀甀攀氀 愀渀搀 䌀愀爀漀氀 圀椀猀攀⸀ ∀匀琀愀琀攀ഀഀ Policy, Distribution, and Neoliberal Economic Reform in Mexico." Journal of Latin American Studies 29 (2) (May 1997): 419-56.

਍㰀瀀㸀倀甀爀挀攀氀氀Ⰰ 匀甀猀愀渀 䬀愀甀昀洀愀渀⸀Ⰰᰀ踠୿ݗꢂ罘슕㥏詥➋ᶌⰠ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《美洲間研究與世界事務期਍୒㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㤀 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀─捦彛Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㜀⤀㨀 ㄀㌀㜀ⴀ㔀㈀⸀㰀戀爀㸀倀甀爀挀攀氀氀Ⰰ 匀甀猀愀渀 䬀愀甀昀洀愀渀⸀ ∀吀栀攀 䌀栀愀渀最椀渀最 一愀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 唀⸀匀⸀ⴀ䴀攀砀椀挀漀 刀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀 漀昀 䤀渀琀攀爀愀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 匀琀甀搀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 圀漀爀氀搀 䄀昀昀愀椀爀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㤀 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀匀瀀爀椀渀最 ㄀㤀㤀㜀⤀㨀 ㄀㌀㜀ⴀ㔀㈀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Rohter, Larry.,“厄瓜多爾民兵區域軍事再起”, ਍ူѽ䉽ㅦ୘㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ࡎⱧ ㌀　Ⰰ ㈀　　　Ⰰ Āₘ㌀⸀㰀戀爀㸀刀漀栀琀攀爀Ⰰ 䰀愀爀爀礀⸀ ∀䔀挀甀愀搀漀爀✀猀 䌀漀甀瀀 䄀氀攀爀琀猀 刀攀最椀漀渀 琀漀 愀 刀攀猀甀爀最攀渀琀 䴀椀氀椀琀愀爀礀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀吀栀攀 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀⸀ 䨀愀渀甀愀爀礀 ㌀　Ⰰ ㈀　　　Ⰰ 瀀⸀ ㌀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Roxborough, Ian.,“巴西與墨西哥通貨膨脹與社會協定”, ਍줰Ţ蹎㉿ᑭ癸ὺ൧刊》 24 (3) (十月號, 1992): 639-64.
Roxborough, Ian. "Inflation and social pacts in Brazil and Mexico." Journal of Latin American Studies 24 (3) (October 1992): 639-64.

਍㰀瀀㸀刀甀攀猀挀栀攀洀攀礀攀爀Ⰰ 䐀椀攀琀爀椀挀栀Ⰰ  䔀瘀攀氀礀渀攀 䠀甀戀攀爀 匀琀攀瀀栀攀渀猀Ⰰ ܀₂䨀漀栀渀 䐀⸀ 匀琀攀瀀栀攀渀猀⸀Ⰰ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《資本主義發展與民主》, 芝加哥，਍⥏﹒ᩝ鷿ꂂ❔硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㈀Ⰰ Ā㆘㔀㔀ⴀ㈀㈀㔀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, Evelyne Huber Stephens, and John D. Stephens. Capitalist Development and Democracy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1992, pp. 155-225.

਍㰀瀀㸀匀愀渀琀漀猀Ⰰ 吀攀漀搀漀爀漀 搀漀猀⸀Ⰰᰀ鴠ڌ홴蒊偶쭽ᵩⰠ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《美洲經濟評論》 60 (2) (五月號, 1970): 231-6.
Santos, Teodoro dos. "The Structure of Dependence." The American Economic Review. 60 (2) (May 1970): 231-6.

਍㰀瀀㸀匀挀栀洀椀搀琀Ⰰ 䜀爀攀最漀爀礀 䐀⸀Ⰰᰀ唠潹㆛㤀㤀　琀깞ꩬ葕⥒ᩒ磿ঐ㚂ꙒŞ瘰籐譶ݎ概࢐㽔噥ᵻⰠ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《比較政治學》 28 (3) (四月號, 1996): 321-54.
Schmidt, Gregory D. "Fujimori's 1990 Upset Victory in Peru: Electoral Rules, Contingencies, and Adaptive Strategies." Comparative Politics 28 (3) (April 1996): 321-54.

਍㰀瀀㸀匀栀椀昀琀攀爀Ⰰ 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀⸀Ⰰᰀ줠Ţ蹎㉿쩭㕽ݟ뾂ᎌᵦⰠ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《民主期਍୒㰰⼀攀洀㸀 㠀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀ࡖ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㜀⤀㨀 ㄀㄀㐀ⴀ㈀㠀⸀㰀戀爀㸀匀栀椀昀琀攀爀Ⰰ 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀⸀ ∀吀攀渀猀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀搀攀ⴀ漀昀昀猀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀 漀昀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 㠀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀䄀瀀爀椀氀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀⤀㨀 ㄀㄀㐀ⴀ㈀㠀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Siavelis, Peter, 與 Arturo Valenzuela.“選舉操作與民主穩定：智利獨裁統治遺產”, ਍ᰰ砠ঐ춂層ݏᆂ㭬楎驺ᩛ竿⥦桒셳熈뭽穬⊐ᵵଠ㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս䆀爀攀渀搀 䰀椀樀瀀栀愀爀琀 ܀₂䌀愀爀氀漀猀 䠀⸀ 圀愀椀猀洀愀渀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 턀蕹쥿ᩢⱝ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ Ā㞘㜀ⴀ㄀　　⸀㰀戀爀㸀匀椀愀瘀攀氀椀猀Ⰰ 倀攀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䄀爀琀甀爀漀 嘀愀氀攀渀稀甀攀氀愀⸀ ∀䔀氀攀挀琀漀爀愀氀 䔀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀椀挀 匀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀㨀 吀栀攀 䰀攀最愀挀礀 漀昀 䄀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀愀爀椀愀渀 刀甀氀攀 椀渀 䌀栀椀氀攀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䐀攀猀椀最渀 椀渀 一攀眀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀椀攀猀㨀 䔀愀猀琀攀爀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀 愀渀搀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䄀爀攀渀搀 䰀椀樀瀀栀愀爀琀 愀渀搀 䌀愀爀氀漀猀 䠀⸀ 圀愀椀猀洀愀渀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀伀㨀 圀攀猀琀瘀椀攀眀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ 㜀㜀ⴀ㄀　　⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Simon, Joel.,“金錢流：拉丁美洲新聞從業者勇於揭露醜聞、貪污，甚至推翻總統”਍⭔푐鹫끎幥ր喀횊ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㘀 ⠀㔀⤀ ⠀ࡎ貁ࡎ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㠀⤀㨀 㔀　ⴀ㔀㔀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Simon, Joel. "Hot on the money trail: Latin American journalists are flexing new muscle, exposing scandal, probing corruption, even toppling presidents." Columbia Journalism Review 36 (5) (January-February 1998): 50-55.

਍㰀瀀㸀匀洀椀琀栀Ⰰ 䌀栀爀椀猀琀椀愀渀⸀Ⰰᰀ䠠䊗ޛᆂ㭬ᩎ짿Ţ蹎㉿舘摗㹜䁹œ뀰奥ݥᆂ㭬ᙎᵓⰠ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《宗教社會學》 55 (2) (夏季號, 1994): 119-43.
Smith, Christian. "The Spirit and Democracy: Base Communities, Protestantism, and Democratization in Latin America." Sociology of Religion 55 (2) (Summer 1994): 119-43.

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Smith, Peter.,“披索危機的政治面向”於਍꠰罘ㅔ㤀㤀㐀ᨀ냿ࡥʂ㑞蒉噶遒୧㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս厀攀戀愀猀琀椀愀渀 䔀搀眀愀爀搀猀 ܀₂䴀漀椀猀攀猀 一愀椀洀⸀Ⰰ ፶Ƙ礰䁲ᩓ懿杓祝ୗ魗貖獔艹텗ΑⱧ ㄀㤀㤀㜀Ⰰ Ā㎘㄀ⴀ㔀㐀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Smith, Peter."Political Dimensions of the Peso Crisis." In Mexico 1994: Anatomy of an Emerging-Market Crash. Edited by Sebastian Edwards and Moises Naim. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1997, pp. 31-54.
਍㰀瀀㸀匀洀椀琀栀Ⰰ 倀攀琀攀爀 䠀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《鷹爪：美國與拉丁美洲關係的原動力》, 紐約：牛津大學出版社, 1999, 頁235-291.
Smith, Peter H. Talons of the Eagle: Dynamics of U.S.-Latin American Relations. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 235-291.

਍㰀瀀㸀匀洀椀琀栀Ⰰ 倀攀琀攀爀 䠀⸀Ⰰᰀꠠ罘ㆁ뽵ᎌ葦㽶뭥嵬쪈ᵤⰠ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《美洲際研究與世界事務期਍୒㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㐀 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀─捦彛Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㈀⤀㨀 ㄀ⴀ㈀㔀⸀㰀戀爀㸀匀洀椀琀栀Ⰰ 倀攀琀攀爀 䠀⸀ ∀吀栀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䤀洀瀀愀挀琀 漀昀 䘀爀攀攀 吀爀愀搀攀 漀渀 䴀攀砀椀挀漀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀 漀昀 䤀渀琀攀爀ⴀ䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 匀琀甀搀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 圀漀爀氀搀 䄀昀昀愀椀爀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㐀 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀匀瀀爀椀渀最 ㄀㤀㤀㈀⤀㨀 ㄀ⴀ㈀㔀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Stallings, Barbara.,“民主轉型的政治經濟：1980年代智利”於਍줰Ţ蹎㉿ꁭ떌ݐᆂ㭬୎㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս䊀愀爀戀愀爀愀 匀琀愀氀氀椀渀最猀 ܀₂刀漀戀攀爀琀 䬀愀甀昀洀愀渀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 턀蕹쥿ᩢⱝ ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰഀഀ 頁 181-199.
Stallings, Barbara. "Political Economy of Democratic Transition: Chile in the 1980s." In Debt and Democracy in Latin America. Edited by Barbara Stallings and Robert Kaufman. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1989, pp. 181-199.

਍㰀瀀㸀匀琀攀瀀愀渀Ⰰ 䄀氀昀爀攀搀⸀Ⰰᰀ罝㾉뭥ᡬຘ⥜ݒ熂뭽깬ᵓ밠㱥攀洀㸀ഀ《民主統治垮台：拉丁美洲》, 編者Juan Linz 與 Alfred Stepan. 巴爾地摩，馬里蘭州：約翰霍普金斯大學出版社, 1978, 頁110-37.
Stepan, Alfred. "Political Leadership and Regime Breakdown: Brazil." In The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Latin America. Edited by Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978, pp. 110-37.

਍㰀瀀㸀匀琀攀瀀愀渀Ⰰ 䄀氀昀爀攀搀⸀Ⰰ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《再思軍事政治：巴西與南部》, 普林斯頓：普林斯頓大學出版社, 1988, 頁13-145.
Stepan, Alfred. Rethinking Military Politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988, pp. 13-145.

਍㰀瀀㸀匀甀猀愀渀 䌀⸀ 匀琀漀欀攀猀⸀Ⰰᰀ㼠뭥硬ݛ즂Ţ蹎㉿葭ﵶʐꝞ꺌佺䱕᪘췿œ⥷걒䊁䭦ぜ䁗ᵓ㰠攀洀㸀Ⰰഀ《拉丁美洲研究評論》 26 (2) (1991): 75-99.
਍匀甀猀愀渀 䌀⸀ 匀琀漀欀攀猀⸀ ∀倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀✀猀 唀爀戀愀渀 倀漀漀爀㨀 刀攀昀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀 䰀椀洀愀 匀栀愀渀琀礀琀漀眀渀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㘀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㄀⤀㨀 㜀㔀ⴀ㤀㤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

“為民主乾杯”਍錰硯멛ㅎඐ刊》. 十月號, 26, 1996, 頁52.
਍∀吀眀漀 挀栀攀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 搀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀吀栀攀 䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀猀琀㰀⼀攀洀㸀⸀ 伀挀琀漀戀攀爀 ㈀㘀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ 瀀⸀ 㔀㈀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Vasquez, Ian.,“華盛頓對半球民主的懷疑聖戰”, ਍踰୿쩗貖ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㄀㈀㌀ ⠀㈀㔀㤀㘀⤀ ⠀ࡎ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㔀⤀㨀 㔀㐀ⴀ㔀㠀⸀㰀戀爀㸀嘀愀猀焀甀攀稀Ⰰ 䤀愀渀⸀ ∀圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀✀猀 搀甀戀椀漀甀猀 挀爀甀猀愀搀攀 昀漀爀 栀攀洀椀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 搀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀唀匀䄀 吀漀搀愀礀 䴀愀最愀稀椀渀攀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㄀㈀㌀ ⠀㈀㔀㤀㘀⤀ ⠀䨀愀渀甀愀爀礀 ㄀㤀㤀㔀⤀㨀 㔀㐀ⴀ㔀㠀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Villarreal, Andres.,“墨西哥市民對經濟和總統的公共觀點：湖”, ਍줰Ţ蹎㉿ᑭ癸啺횊ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㐀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㤀⤀㨀 ㄀㌀㈀ⴀ㔀㄀⸀㰀戀爀㸀嘀椀氀氀愀爀爀攀愀氀Ⰰ 䄀渀搀爀攀猀⸀ ∀倀甀戀氀椀挀 伀瀀椀渀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䔀挀漀渀漀洀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 倀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 愀洀漀渀最 䴀攀砀椀挀漀 䌀椀琀礀 刀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀猀㨀 吀栀攀 匀愀氀椀渀愀猀 匀攀砀攀渀椀漀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㐀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㤀⤀㨀 ㄀㌀㈀ⴀ㔀㄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

“選票，但不會一直更多：拉丁美洲民主”,਍錰硯멛ㅎඐ刊》, 十月號, 16, 1993, 頁48.
"The vote, but not always much more: democracy in Latin America." The Economist. October 16, 1993, p. 48.

਍㰀瀀㸀圀愀椀猀戀漀爀搀Ⰰ 匀椀氀瘀椀漀 刀⸀Ⰰᰀ爠牥끥幥ꒀ葛聶᪕㿿㦖끞幥ހ㾂뭥鱬庑ᶀⰠ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《政治傳播》 11 (1) (一月號, 1994): 19-33.
Waisbord, Silvio R. "Knocking on Newsroom Doors: The Press and Political Scandals in Argentina." Political Communication 11 (1) (January 1994): 19-33.

਍ഀഀ

Weintraub, Sidney.,“美國與拉丁美洲關係”਍踰㉿鍭ᒕ癸ݺᚂ䱎譵ὒ൧刊》 39 (1) (春季號, 1997): 59-69.
Weintraub, Sidney. "U.S.-Latin American Relations." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 39 (1) (Spring 1997): 59-69.

਍㰀瀀㸀圀栀椀琀攀栀攀愀搀Ⰰ 䰀愀眀爀攀渀挀攀⸀ᰀ줠Ţ蹎㉿ㅭ㤀㌀　琀虎葏葶୶뙗䑛命ᵾ밠⁥㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《劍橋拉丁美洲史》 , 編者Leslie Bethell., 第六冊, 紐約：劍橋大學出版社, 1994, 頁3-95.
਍圀栀椀琀攀栀攀愀搀Ⰰ 䰀愀眀爀攀渀挀攀⸀ ∀匀琀愀琀攀 伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀 猀椀渀挀攀 ㄀㤀㌀　⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀吀栀攀 䌀愀洀戀爀椀搀最攀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䰀攀猀氀椀攀 䈀攀琀栀攀氀氀⸀ 嘀漀氀甀洀攀 嘀䤀⸀ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 䌀愀洀戀爀椀搀最攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㐀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㌀ⴀ㤀㔀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Wiarda, Howard.“拉丁美洲國家的歷史決定者”於਍㤰詥즋Ţ蹎㉿୭뙗퉛犉ஂ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 Ⰰ ս䶀攀渀渀漀 嘀攀氀氀椀渀最愀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 턀蕹쥿ᩢⱝ ㄀㤀㤀㠀Ⰰ Ā㊘㜀ⴀ㐀㤀⸀㰀戀爀㸀㰀瀀㸀圀椀愀爀搀愀Ⰰ 䠀漀眀愀爀搀⸀ ∀䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 䐀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀愀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 匀琀愀琀攀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀吀栀攀ഀഀ Changing Role of the State in Latin America. Edited by Menno Vellinga. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1998, pp. 27-49.

਍㰀瀀㸀圀椀愀爀搀愀Ⰰ 䠀漀眀愀爀搀⸀ᰀ㸠͹詧瞋Ɛ㼰뭥籬啶ݜ즂Ţ蹎㉿덭煐ᵽ밠㱥攀洀㸀ഀ《發展的承諾：拉丁美洲改變理論》 , 編者Peter F. Klaren 與 Thomas J. Bossert. Boulder, 科羅拉多州, 1986, 頁195-218.
Wiarda, Howard. "Social Change, Political Development, and the Latin American Tradition." In Promise of Development: Theories of Change in Latin America. Edited by Peter F. Klaren and Thomas J. Bossert. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1986, pp. 195-218.

਍㰀瀀㸀圀椀愀爀搀愀Ⰰ 䠀漀眀愀爀搀 䨀⸀Ⰰᰀᨠ๙㱦ꁜ煒豑୔ᩗᇿ㭬穎⊐葵ὶޓ梂셳㮈ꥎᵿ밠㱥攀洀㸀ഀ《開發中國家民主：拉丁美洲》編者Larry Diamond, Juan Linz, 與 Seymour Martin Lipset. Boulder, 科羅拉多州, 1989, 頁423-458.
Wiarda, Howard J. "The Dominican Republic: Mirror Legacies of Democracy and Authoritarianism." In Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin merica. Edited by Larry Diamond, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989, pp. 423-458.

਍㰀瀀㸀圀椀氀氀椀愀洀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䨀漀栀渀⸀Ⰰᰀᄠ㭬ݎᲂ፶熘塑ᶋⰠ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《世界發展》 21 (8) (八月號, 1993): 1329-36.
Williamson, John. "Democracy and the 'Washington Consensus'." World Development 21 (8) (August 1993): 1329-36.

਍㰀瀀㸀圀椀氀氀椀愀洀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䨀漀栀渀⸀Ⰰᰀ줠Ţ蹎㉿㥭楥œ豣칾ὕ᷿Ⱐ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲安定與改革：我們的立足點在哪裡？》 , 編者 Hermann Sautter 與 Rolf Schinke. 馬德里：਍푏⥫蹒㉿舘䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ Ā㊘㐀㜀ⴀ㘀　⸀㰀戀爀㸀圀椀氀氀椀愀洀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䨀漀栀渀⸀ ∀䄀爀攀 琀栀攀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 爀攀昀漀爀洀猀 猀甀猀琀愀椀渀愀戀氀攀㼀∀  䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀匀琀愀戀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀昀漀爀洀猀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀㨀 圀栀攀爀攀 搀漀 眀攀 猀琀愀渀搀㼀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䠀攀爀洀愀渀渀 匀愀甀琀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 刀漀氀昀 匀挀栀椀渀欀攀⸀ 䴀愀搀爀椀搀㨀 䤀戀攀爀漀愀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀愀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㈀㐀㜀ⴀ㘀　⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Williamson, John.,“審查會討論”於਍㼰噥㥻楥蒗㽶뭥鍬୯㰰⼀攀洀㸀 Ⰰ ս䪀漀栀渀 圀椀氀氀椀愀洀猀漀渀⸀Ⰰ ፶禘䁲ᩓ௿魗鎖ⵯ썎ⱟ ㄀㤀㤀㐀Ⰰ Ā㒘㜀㠀ⴀ㠀㄀⸀㰀戀爀㸀圀椀氀氀椀愀洀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䨀漀栀渀⸀ ∀倀愀渀攀氀 䐀椀猀挀甀猀猀椀漀渀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀吀栀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䔀挀漀渀漀洀礀 漀昀 倀漀氀椀挀礀 刀攀昀漀爀洀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䨀漀栀渀 圀椀氀氀椀愀洀猀漀渀⸀ 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀Ⰰ 䐀䌀㨀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 昀漀爀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㐀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ 㐀㜀㠀ⴀ㠀㄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Winn, Peter.“革命興起”, ਍踰㉿ᩭ짿Ţ蹎㉿ݭꂂ퉒푒睫ね䁗打貗蒌㥶扥஗㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 케䭧൑萊，加州：加州大學出版社, 1995, 第十三章, 頁492-549.
਍圀椀渀渀Ⰰ 倀攀琀攀爀⸀ ∀䴀愀欀椀渀最 刀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀猀㨀 吀栀攀 䌀栀愀渀最椀渀最 䘀愀挀攀 漀昀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䌀愀爀椀戀戀攀愀渀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䈀攀爀欀攀氀攀礀Ⰰ 䌀䄀㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䌀愀氀椀昀漀爀渀椀愀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㔀Ⰰ 挀栀愀瀀⸀ ㄀㌀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ 㐀㤀㈀ⴀ㔀㐀㤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

“是的，我們沒有明天”, ਍錰硯멛ㅎඐ刊》 , 十一月, 13, 1993, 頁L5.
਍∀夀攀猀Ⰰ 眀攀 栀愀瘀攀 渀漀 洀愀渀愀渀愀猀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀吀栀攀 䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀猀琀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㌀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㌀Ⰰ 瀀⸀ 䰀㔀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ


਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀搀椀瘀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀猀甀戀栀攀愀搀∀㸀ഀഀ 推薦讀物
Recommended Readings ਍㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀ഀഀ ਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ
਍ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ㰀猀瀀愀渀 椀搀㴀∀䈀漀搀礀䌀漀瀀礀㌀∀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀䄀搀氀攀爀Ⰰ 䤀氀礀愀⸀Ⰰᰀꠠ罘䡔譨ᩏㇿ㤀㠀㠀琀㵞煾❽硙䊐葦鉶푚ᶚ밠㱥攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲電視、政治學與轉型期的民主》 , 編者 Thomas E. Skidmore., 華盛頓特區：中心出版社與巴爾地摩，馬里蘭州：約翰霍普金斯大學出版社, 1993.
਍䄀搀氀攀爀Ⰰ 䤀氀礀愀⸀ ∀吀栀攀 䴀攀砀椀挀愀渀 䌀愀猀攀㨀 吀栀攀 䴀攀搀椀愀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㤀㠀㠀 倀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 䔀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀吀攀氀攀瘀椀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 搀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 吀栀漀洀愀猀 䔀⸀ 匀欀椀搀洀漀爀攀⸀ 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀Ⰰ 䐀⸀䌀⸀㨀 圀漀漀搀爀漀眀 圀椀氀猀漀渀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 倀爀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 䈀愀氀琀椀洀漀爀攀Ⰰ 䴀䐀㨀 䨀漀栀渀猀 䠀漀瀀欀椀渀猀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㌀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Ames, Barry.,“逆轉燕尾現象—1989巴西總統大選的地區政黨組織”, ਍踰୿㽗뭥硬啛횊ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 㠀㠀 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀ऀࡎ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㐀⤀㨀 㤀㔀ⴀ㄀㄀㄀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Ames, Barry. "The Reverse Coattails Effect -- Local Party Organization in the 1989 Brazilian Presidential Election." American Political Science Review 88 (1) (March 1994): 95-111.

਍㰀瀀㸀䈀愀攀爀Ⰰ 圀攀爀渀攀爀⸀Ⰰᰀ줠Ţ蹎㉿㉭ｓ셎ݔ浝ᙩᩓ鏿坽ޚ肉ᶋⰠ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲研究評論》 7(1) (春季號, 1972): 95-111.
਍䈀愀攀爀Ⰰ 圀攀爀渀攀爀⸀ ∀䤀洀瀀漀爀琀 匀甀戀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䤀渀搀甀猀琀爀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀㨀 䔀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 䤀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 㜀⠀㄀⤀ ⠀匀瀀爀椀渀最 ㄀㤀㜀㈀⤀㨀 㤀㔀ⴀ㄀㄀㄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Barbosa, Fernando de Holanda.,“經濟發展：巴西經驗”於 ਍焰鹧ݎ즂Ţ蹎㉿籭啶噜敻൵ഀ 》, 編者Akio Hosono 與 Neantro Saavedra-Rivano., 紐約: 聖馬丁出版社, 1998, 頁69-87. ਍㰀戀爀㸀䈀愀爀戀漀猀愀Ⰰ 䘀攀爀渀愀渀搀漀 搀攀 䠀漀氀愀渀搀愀⸀ ∀䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀㨀 吀栀攀 䈀爀愀稀椀氀椀愀渀 䔀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最椀攀猀 椀渀 䔀愀猀琀 䄀猀椀愀 愀渀搀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䄀欀椀漀 䠀漀猀漀渀漀 愀渀搀 一攀愀渀琀爀漀 匀愀愀瘀攀搀爀愀ⴀ刀椀瘀愀渀漀⸀ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 匀琀⸀ 䴀愀爀琀椀渀✀猀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㠀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ 㘀㤀ⴀ㠀㜀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Bartell, Ernest.,“商業領導人觀點與智利民主轉型”於਍줰Ţ蹎㉿䙭浕ݩᆂ㭬୎㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս䊀愀爀琀攀氀氀 ܀₂䰀攀椀最栀 䄀⸀ 倀愀礀渀攀⸀Ⰰ 㤀㉓Ↄౘ폿ᩝ㧿㉓Ↄ❘硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㔀Ⰰ Ā㒘㤀ⴀ㜀㤀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Bartell, Ernest. "Perceptions by Business Leaders and the Transition to Democracy in Chile." In Business and Democracy in Latin America. Edited by E. Bartell and Leigh A. Payne. Pittsburg, PA: University of Pittsburg Press, 1995, pp. 49-79.

਍㰀瀀㸀䈀攀挀欀攀爀Ⰰ 䐀愀瘀椀搀 䜀⸀Ⰰᰀ줠Ţ蹎㉿籭啶Ŝᄰ㭬ݎ鶂᪌᧿첁籛啶ᥜܠᦂ뀠ͥ㹞걲鹕᥎ᴠ밠㱥攀洀㸀ഀ《後帝國主義：二十世紀後期國際資本主義與發展》, Boulder, 科羅拉多州: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1987.
Becker, David G. "Development, democracy, and dependency in Latin America: 'Bonanza development' and the 'new bourgeoisie'." In Postimperialism: international capitalism and development in the late twentieth century. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1987.

਍㰀瀀㸀ս䊀攀爀爀礀Ⰰ 䄀氀戀攀爀琀Ⰰ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲貧窮、經濟改革與所得分配》, Boulder,科羅拉多州: Lynne Rienner, 1998, 頁9-41, 43-78, 235-48 (由Berry, Altimir, 與Berry 提供)
਍䈀攀爀爀礀Ⰰ 䄀氀戀攀爀琀Ⰰ 攀搀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀倀漀瘀攀爀琀礀Ⰰ 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 爀攀昀漀爀洀 ☀愀洀瀀㬀 椀渀挀漀洀攀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀伀㨀 䰀礀渀渀攀 刀椀攀渀渀攀爀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㠀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ 㤀ⴀ㐀㄀Ⰰ 㐀㌀ⴀ㜀㠀Ⰰ ㈀㌀㔀ⴀ㐀㠀 ⠀挀漀渀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀猀 戀礀 䈀攀爀爀礀Ⰰ 䄀氀琀椀洀椀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䈀攀爀爀礀⤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Bird, Richard M.,“拉丁美洲賦稅改革：一些近期經驗回顧”, ਍줰Ţ蹎㉿ᑭ癸啺횊ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ⠀㈀㜀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㈀⤀㨀 㜀ⴀ㌀㜀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Bird, Richard M. "Tax Reform in Latin America: A Review of Some Recent Experiences." Latin American Research Review (27) (1992): 7-37.

਍㰀瀀㸀䈀漀漀琀栀Ⰰ 䨀漀栀渀 䄀⸀Ⰰ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《哥斯大黎加：民主疑問》, Boulder, 科羅拉多州, 1998.
਍䈀漀漀琀栀Ⰰ 䨀漀栀渀 䄀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀䌀漀猀琀愀 刀椀挀愀㨀 儀甀攀猀琀 昀漀爀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀伀㨀 圀攀猀琀瘀椀攀眀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㠀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Booth, John A.“中美洲社會經濟與國家革命的政治基礎”,਍줰Ţ蹎㉿ᑭ癸啺횊ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㘀 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㄀⤀㨀 ㌀㌀ⴀ㜀㌀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Booth, John A. "The Socioeconomic and Political Roots of National Revolts in Central America." Latin American Research Review 26 (1) (1991): 33-73.

਍㰀瀀㸀䈀漀漀琀栀Ⰰ 䨀漀栀渀 䄀⸀ ܀₂䴀椀琀挀栀攀氀氀 䄀⸀ 匀攀氀椀最猀漀渀Ⰰ 㱽攀洀㸀ഀ《中美洲選舉與民主》, 北加州大學出版社, 1995, 頁25-102, 244-85.
Booth, John A. and Mitchell A. Seligson, eds. Elections and Democracy in Central America. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1995, pp. 25-102, 244-85.

਍㰀瀀㸀䈀漀礀氀愀渀Ⰰ 䐀攀氀椀愀⸀Ⰰᰀ֌ݺ䦂誏᪋竿⥦ㅒ㤀㤀　琀֌㥺楥㾗뭥硬ᵛⰠ  㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲研究評論》 31 (1) (1996): 7-32.
Boylan, Delia. "Taxation and Transition: The Politics of the 1990 Chilean Tax Reform." Latin American Research Review 31 (1) (1996): 7-32.

਍㰀瀀㸀䈀爀甀栀渀Ⰰ 䬀愀琀栀氀攀攀渀⸀Ⰰ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《與巨人較量：墨西哥新左派政黨興起與民主的掙扎》, 大學公園，賓州：賓州出版社, 1997.
Bruhn, Kathleen. Taking on Goliath: The Emergence of a New Left Party and the Struggle for Democracy in Mexico. University Park, PA: Penn State Press, 1997.

਍ഀഀ

Buchanan, Paul.,਍ᰰ踠୿ൗ罜䪉͓葴୶㉗㾖噥ᵻଠⰰ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《美洲間研究與世界事務期਍୒㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㠀 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀─捦彛Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㘀⤀㨀 ㄀ⴀ㌀㈀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䈀甀挀栀愀渀愀渀Ⰰ 倀愀甀氀⸀ ∀唀⸀匀⸀ 䐀攀昀攀渀猀攀 倀漀氀椀挀礀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 圀攀猀琀攀爀渀 䠀攀洀椀猀瀀栀攀爀攀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀 漀昀 䤀渀琀攀爀愀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 匀琀甀搀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 圀漀爀氀搀 䄀昀昀愀椀爀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㠀 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀匀瀀爀椀渀最 ㄀㤀㤀㘀⤀㨀 ㄀ⴀ㌀㈀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Buendia, Jorge.,“墨西哥經濟改革、輿論與總統核定”, 1988- 93." ਍퐰ͫ㾏뭥硬୛㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㤀 ⠀㔀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㘀⤀㨀 㔀㘀㘀ⴀ㤀㄀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䈀甀攀渀搀椀愀Ⰰ 䨀漀爀最攀⸀ ∀䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 刀攀昀漀爀洀Ⰰ 倀甀戀氀椀挀 伀瀀椀渀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 倀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 䄀瀀瀀爀漀瘀愀氀 椀渀 䴀攀砀椀挀漀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㠀ⴀ 㤀㌀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䌀漀洀瀀愀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 匀琀甀搀椀攀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㤀 ⠀㔀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㘀⤀㨀 㔀㘀㘀ⴀ㤀㄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Camp, Roderic Ai.,“墨西哥政治技術官僚與政治制度的生存者”, ਍줰Ţ蹎㉿ᑭ癸啺횊ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀　 ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㠀㔀⤀㨀 㤀㜀ⴀ㄀㄀㠀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Camp, Roderic Ai. "The Political Technocrat in Mexico and the Survival of the Political System." Latin Amercian Research Review 20 (1) (1985): 97-118.

਍ഀഀ

Cansino, Cesar.,“拉丁美洲政黨政府：理論導向的經驗分析”, ਍ର魗㾖뭥硬啛횊ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㄀㘀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀ࡖ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㔀⤀㨀 ㄀㘀㤀ⴀ㄀㠀㈀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䌀愀渀猀椀渀漀Ⰰ 䌀攀猀愀爀⸀ ∀倀愀爀琀礀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀㨀 琀栀攀漀爀攀琀椀挀愀氀 最甀椀搀攀氀椀渀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀渀 攀洀瀀椀爀椀挀愀氀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㄀㘀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀䄀瀀爀椀氀 ㄀㤀㤀㔀⤀㨀 ㄀㘀㤀ⴀ㄀㠀㈀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀䌀愀爀搀漀猀漀Ⰰ 䔀氀椀愀渀愀Ⰰ ܀₂䄀氀戀攀爀琀 䘀椀猀栀氀漀眀⸀Ⰰᰀ줠Ţ蹎㉿鍭籯啶ᩜㇿ㤀㔀　ⴀ㠀　Ⰰ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲研究期਍୒㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㐀 ⠀鐀繎ㅶ璐^祟൲刊) (1992): 197-218.
਍䌀愀爀搀漀猀漀Ⰰ 䔀氀椀愀渀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䄀氀戀攀爀琀 䘀椀猀栀氀漀眀⸀ ∀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀㨀 ㄀㤀㔀　ⴀ㠀　⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀 漀昀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 匀琀甀搀椀攀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㐀 ⠀焀甀椀渀挀攀渀琀攀渀愀爀礀 猀甀瀀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㈀⤀㨀 ㄀㤀㜀ⴀ㈀㄀㠀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Cardoso, Fernando Henrique 與 Enzo Falleto.,਍줰Ţ蹎㉿鵭ڌ홴ފ粂啶ଡ଼㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 케䭧൑萊，加州：加州大學出版社, 1979, 頁vii-xxv, 149-216.
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique and Enzo Falleto. Dependency and Development in Latin America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1979, pp. vii-xxv, 149-216.

਍㰀瀀㸀䌀愀猀琀愀渀攀搀愀Ⰰ 䨀漀爀最攀⸀Ⰰ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《非武裝的烏托邦》 , 紐約, 1993.
਍䌀愀猀琀愀渀攀搀愀Ⰰ 䨀漀爀最攀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀唀琀漀瀀椀愀 唀渀愀爀洀攀搀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 䬀渀漀瀀昀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㌀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Cohen, Youssef.,਍侮㉗﶐偎ś㤰楥֗ހ춂핓Ւ᪀짿Ţ蹎㉿꽖葲荖ݘᆂ㭬灎坯୥㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 鴀ꂂ౔෿伊利諾州：芝加哥大學出版社, 1994, 頁53-118.
਍䌀漀栀攀渀Ⰰ 夀漀甀猀猀攀昀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀刀愀搀椀挀愀氀猀Ⰰ 爀攀昀漀爀洀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀愀挀琀椀漀渀愀爀椀攀猀㨀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀猀漀渀攀爀✀猀 搀椀氀攀洀洀愀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀氀氀愀瀀猀攀 漀昀 搀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䌀栀椀挀愀最漀Ⰰ 䤀䰀㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䌀栀椀挀愀最漀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㐀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ 㔀㌀ⴀ㄀㄀㠀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Cole, Richard R, 編਍줰Ţ蹎㉿덭鉐浚ᩩ냿幥涀ũ✰㹙鉷푚ޚ㺂͹୧㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 뜀쥟㩝 砀՛잀邌Ɱ ㄀㤀㤀㘀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䌀漀氀攀Ⰰ 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 刀Ⰰ 攀搀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀㨀 樀漀甀爀渀愀氀椀猀洀Ⰰ 洀愀猀猀 洀攀搀椀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀挀椀攀琀礀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 圀椀氀洀椀渀最琀漀渀Ⰰ 䐀䔀㨀 匀挀栀漀氀愀爀氀礀 刀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Collier, David, 編਍줰Ţ蹎㉿끭桥셳㮈ꥎ୿㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 渀靦꽧፥ಘ냿ꑥ罯ᩝ滿靦꽧፥➘硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㜀㤀Ⰰ Ā㆘㤀ⴀ㌀㈀Ⰰ 㘀㄀ⴀ㈀㔀㌀Ⰰ ㌀㘀㌀ⴀ㤀㜀 ⠀匀攀爀爀愀 ܀₂䬀愀甀昀洀愀渀 퀀魣⥏⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Collier, David, ed. The New Authoritarianism in Latin America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979, pp. 19-32, 61-253, 363-97 (contributions by Serra and Kaufman).

਍㰀瀀㸀䌀漀氀氀椀攀爀Ⰰ 䜀攀漀爀最攀⸀Ⰰᰀ倠쭽뽩璊ݥ낂⡥し䭗햐ᩒ䏿栀椀愀瀀愀猀 萀⁶娀瀀愀琀椀猀琀愀艓ᵎ밠㱥攀洀㸀ഀ《比較觀點下的 ਍⸀콺嵥膈ݺ熂뭽୬㰰⼀攀洀㸀 Ⰰ 준Ţ蹎㉿࡭䡜屝ㅏ䩘ⱔ ፶禘䁲ᩓⷿ썎ⱟ ㄀㤀㤀㔀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Collier, George. "Structural adjustment and new regional movements: the Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas." In Ethnic conflict and governance in comparative perspective. The Latin American Program Working Paper No. 215. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center, 1995.

਍㰀瀀㸀䌀漀氀氀椀攀爀Ⰰ 刀甀琀栀 䈀攀爀椀渀猀 ܀₂䐀愀瘀椀搀 䌀漀氀氀椀攀爀⸀Ⰰ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《型塑政治競技場:拉丁美洲重要時刻、勞工運動與政府魄力》, 普林斯頓：新澤西洲：普林斯頓大學出版社, 1991.
਍䌀漀氀氀椀攀爀Ⰰ 刀甀琀栀 䈀攀爀椀渀猀 愀渀搀 䐀愀瘀椀搀 䌀漀氀氀椀攀爀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀匀栀愀瀀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 愀爀攀渀愀㨀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 樀甀渀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 氀愀戀漀爀 洀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀最椀洀攀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 倀爀椀渀挀攀琀漀渀Ⰰ 一䨀㨀 倀爀椀渀挀攀琀漀渀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㄀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

਍퐰ͫ㾏뭥硬⡛뀀ࡥᆂ㭬ⵎɎ㑞㥘楥蒗汶煑⽑祣൲刊)》 29 (5) (十月號, 1996): 544-591.
)Comparative Political Studies (Special Issue on Public Support for Market Reforms in Emerging Democracies) 29 (5) (October 1996): 544-591.

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Conahghan, Catherine M.,“民意測驗、政治論述與公共領域: 祕魯的富士蓋洛普風暴”於਍퐰ͫ삏ஞ葎쥶Ţ蹎㉿ᩭۿ핒ݬڂ遒葧끶ᅥꙔ୞㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս傀攀琀攀爀 䠀⸀ 匀洀椀琀栀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 턀蕹쥿ᩢⱝ ㄀㤀㤀㔀Ⰰ Ā㊘㈀㜀ⴀ㔀㔀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䌀漀渀愀栀最栀愀渀Ⰰ 䌀愀琀栀攀爀椀渀攀 䴀⸀ ∀倀漀氀氀猀Ⰰ 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䐀椀猀挀漀甀爀猀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 倀甀戀氀椀挀 匀瀀栀攀爀攀㨀 吀栀攀 匀瀀椀渀 漀渀 倀攀爀甀✀猀 䘀甀樀椀ⴀ䜀漀氀瀀攀⸀∀ 䤀渀 㰀攀洀㸀䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀 椀渀 䌀漀洀瀀愀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 倀攀爀猀瀀攀挀琀椀瘀攀㨀 一攀眀 䄀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀漀 䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 愀渀搀 䄀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 倀攀琀攀爀 䠀⸀ 匀洀椀琀栀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀伀㨀 圀攀猀琀瘀椀攀眀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㔀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㈀㈀㜀ⴀ㔀㔀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Conaghan, Catherine M., James M. Malloy, 與 Luis A. Abugattas.,“商業與’男孩們’：中安地斯區域的新自由主義政治”於਍줰Ţ蹎㉿ᑭ癸啺횊ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㔀 ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀　⤀㨀 ㌀ⴀ㌀　⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Conaghan, Catherine M., James M. Malloy, and Luis A. Abugattas. "Business and the 'Boys': The Politics of Neoliberalism in the Central Andes." In Latin American Research Review 25 (2) (1990): 3-30.

਍㰀瀀㸀䌀愀瘀愀爀漀稀稀椀Ⰰ 䴀愀爀挀攀氀漀⸀Ⰰᰀ蔠認ᆍ㭬䥎讏著쥶Ţ蹎㉿ᵭ㰠攀洀㸀ഀ《拉丁美洲研究期਍୒㰰⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㐀 ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀䄀ࡓ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㤀㈀⤀㨀 㘀㘀㔀ⴀ㠀㐀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䌀愀瘀愀爀漀稀稀椀Ⰰ 䴀愀爀挀攀氀漀⸀∀䈀攀礀漀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 搀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀∀㰀攀洀㸀䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀 漀昀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 匀琀甀搀椀攀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㐀 ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀伀挀琀漀戀攀爀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㈀⤀㨀 㘀㘀㔀ⴀ㠀㐀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Carrilo, Teresa.“成衣工業中的婦女與獨立工會主義”於 ਍꠰罘汔煑䭑햐ݒ㾂뭥詬瞋ஐ㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս䪀漀攀 䘀漀眀攀爀愀欀攀爀 ܀₂䄀渀渀 䰀⸀ 䌀爀愀椀最⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 턀蕹쥿ᩢ㩝 䰀礀渀渀攀 刀椀攀渀攀爀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀　Ⰰ Ā㊘㄀㌀ⴀ㌀㌀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Carrilo, Teresa. "Women and Independent Unionism in the Garment Industry." In Popular Movements and Political Change in Mexico. Edited by Joe Foweraker and Ann L. Craig. Boulder, CO: Lynne Riener, 1990, pp. 213-33.

਍㰀瀀㸀䌀漀氀愀稀椀渀最愀爀椀Ⰰ 匀椀氀瘀椀愀Ⰰ ܀₂匀甀猀愀渀 刀漀猀攀ⴀ䄀挀欀攀爀洀愀渀⸀ᰀ㘠൲權主義民主下的腐敗：從義大利經驗談拉丁美洲”,਍㼰뭥硬捛൛刊》 113 (3) (秋季號, 1998): 447-470.
਍䌀漀氀愀稀椀渀最愀爀椀Ⰰ 匀椀氀瘀椀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 匀甀猀愀渀 刀漀猀攀ⴀ䄀挀欀攀爀洀愀渀⸀ ∀䌀漀爀爀甀瀀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 瀀愀琀攀爀渀愀氀椀猀琀椀挀 搀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀㨀 氀攀猀猀漀渀猀 昀爀漀洀 䤀琀愀氀礀 昀漀爀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 儀甀愀爀琀攀爀氀礀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㄀㄀㌀ ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀䘀愀氀氀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀⤀㨀 㐀㐀㜀ⴀ㐀㜀　⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Collier, George.,਍ἰしݗ䎂栀椀愀瀀愀猀萀婶愀瀀愀琀椀猀琀愀艓୎㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 最䭙ⵑಆꃿᩝ솘ݔ粂啶㽜噥⵻썎ⱟ ㄀㤀㤀㐀Ⰰ Ā㆘ⴀ㄀㔀㐀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䌀漀氀氀椀攀爀Ⰰ 䜀攀漀爀最攀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀䈀愀猀琀愀㨀 䰀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 娀愀瀀愀琀椀猀琀愀 刀攀戀攀氀氀椀漀渀 椀渀 䌀栀椀愀瀀愀猀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 伀愀欀氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 䌀䄀㨀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 昀漀爀 䘀漀漀搀 愀渀搀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 倀漀氀椀挀礀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㐀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㄀ⴀ㄀㔀㐀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Cornelius, Wayne A.,“都市化與政治需求製造：拉丁美洲城市中外來貧窮者的政治參與度”, ਍踰㉿㽭뭥硬啛횊ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀 㘀㠀 ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀崀ࡎ彧Ⲇ ㄀㤀㜀㐀⤀㨀 ㄀㄀㈀㔀ⴀ㐀㘀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Cornelius, Wayne A. "Urbanization and Political Demand-Making: Political Participation among the Migrant Poor in Latin American Cities." American Political Science Review 68 (3) (September 1974): 1125-46.

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Cornelius, Wayne, Todd Eisenstadt, 與 Jane Hinley, 編਍꠰罘⅔୫뙗㽛뭥ݬᆂ㭬歎୵㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 踀୿ݗꢂ罘ᑔ癸⵺썎౟ꃿ❝硙噛む套ٔ⅒ⱨ ㄀㤀㤀㤀Ⰰ Ā㎘ⴀ㄀㘀Ⰰ ㈀㘀㤀ⴀ㌀㐀㄀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Cornelius, Wayne, Todd Eisenstadt, and Jane Hinley, eds. Subnational Politics and Democratization in Mexico. La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, UCSD, 1999, pp. 3-16, 269-341.

਍㰀瀀㸀䌀漀爀渀攀氀椀甀猀Ⰰ 圀愀礀渀攀⸀Ⰰ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《墨西哥政治轉變:打破一黨專政》, 加州大學聖地牙哥分校, 1996.
਍䌀漀爀渀攀氀椀甀猀Ⰰ 圀愀礀渀攀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀䴀攀砀椀挀愀渀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀 椀渀 吀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀㨀 吀栀攀 䈀爀攀愀欀搀漀眀渀 漀昀 愀 伀渀攀ⴀ倀愀爀琀礀 䐀漀洀椀渀愀渀琀 刀攀最椀洀攀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䰀愀 䨀漀氀氀愀㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䌀愀氀椀昀漀爀渀椀愀 愀琀 匀愀渀 䐀椀攀最漀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Davidow, Jeffrey.,“美國對拉丁美洲與加勒比海地區的外交政策目標”, ਍踰୿ୗ罒ㅓ䩘୦㰰⼀攀洀㸀 㠀 ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀ऀࡎࡖⱧ ㄀㤀㤀㜀⤀㨀 ㈀㤀ⴀ㌀㐀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䐀愀瘀椀搀漀眀Ⰰ 䨀攀昀昀爀攀礀⸀ ∀唀⸀匀⸀ 昀漀爀攀椀最渀 瀀漀氀椀挀礀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䌀愀爀椀戀戀攀愀渀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀唀⸀匀⸀ 䐀攀瀀愀爀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 匀琀愀琀攀 䐀椀猀瀀愀琀挀栀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 㠀 ⠀㌀⤀ ⠀䴀愀爀挀栀ⴀ䄀瀀爀椀氀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀⤀㨀 ㈀㤀ⴀ㌀㐀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Davis, Nathaniel., ਍ꤰ㺅ᩴ㽙䦖뎄葟v豧楟瑑୞㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 먀牽玂ᩏ럿䍞㹎❲硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㠀㔀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Davis, Nathaniel.The Last Two Years of Salvador Allende. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985.

਍䐀椀愀洀漀渀搀Ⰰ 䰀愀爀爀礀Ⰰ ܀₂䨀甀愀渀 䰀椀渀稀⸀Ⰰᰀภ활᪊짿Ţ蹎㉿㽭뭥Ŭ㸰͹ݧᆂ㭬ᵎ†밀⁥䰀愀爀爀礀 䐀椀愀洀漀渀搀Ⰰ 䨀甀愀渀 䰀椀渀稀Ⰰ ܀₂匀攀礀洀漀甀爀 䴀愀爀琀椀渀 䰀椀瀀猀攀琀Ⰰ ⱽ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《開發中國家的民主：拉丁美洲》, (Boulder, 科羅拉多州: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989), 頁1-58
਍䐀椀愀洀漀渀搀Ⰰ 䰀愀爀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䨀甀愀渀 䰀椀渀稀⸀ ∀䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀㨀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀 愀渀搀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀∀ 䤀渀 䰀愀爀爀礀 䐀椀愀洀漀渀搀Ⰰ 䨀甀愀渀 䰀椀渀稀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 匀攀礀洀漀甀爀 䴀愀爀琀椀渀 䰀椀瀀猀攀琀Ⰰ 攀搀猀⸀Ⰰ 㰀攀洀㸀䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀 椀渀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 䌀漀甀渀琀爀椀攀猀㨀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ⠀䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀伀㨀 䰀礀渀渀攀 刀椀攀渀渀攀爀 倀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀爀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㤀⤀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㄀ⴀ㔀㠀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Dietz, James L.,“負債與發展：拉丁美洲的未來”, 第十八章於਍줰Ţ蹎㉿鍭籯啶ᩜ㛿Ꙓ㭞ꥎݿ傂쭽㭩ꥎտ蒀쁶ஞ㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս䪀愀洀攀猀 䰀⸀ 䐀椀攀琀稀 ܀₂䨀愀洀攀猀 䠀⸀ 匀琀爀攀攀琀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 턀蕹쥿ᩢⱝ ㄀㤀㠀㜀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Dietz, James L. "Debt and Development: The Future of Latin America." Chap. 18 in Latin America's Economic Development: Institutionalist and Structuralist Perspectives. Edited by James L. Dietz and James H. Street. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1987.

਍㰀瀀㸀䐀椀砀Ⰰ 刀漀戀攀爀琀 䠀⸀Ⰰᰀ줠Ţ蹎㉿٭쉒傈쭽ݩ㾂풞ﮚᵼⰠ 㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《比較政治學》 22 (1) (十月號, 1989): 23-35.
਍䐀椀砀Ⰰ 刀漀戀攀爀琀 䠀⸀ ∀䌀氀攀愀瘀愀最攀 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 倀愀爀琀礀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䌀漀洀瀀愀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㈀㈀ ⠀㄀⤀ ⠀伀挀琀漀戀攀爀 ㄀㤀㠀㤀⤀㨀 ㈀㌀ⴀ㌀㔀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Dominguez, Jorge I.,਍ର魗視桛ݑᆂ㭬ᩎ賿띟け䉢ὦ葧쥶Ţ蹎㉿ꂖ퉒푒睫ね䁗୓㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 㤀㉓Ↄౘ폿ᩝ㧿㉓Ↄ❘硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㠀⸀㰀戀爀㸀䐀漀洀椀渀最甀攀稀Ⰰ 䨀漀爀最攀 䤀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 匀攀挀甀爀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀㨀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䌀愀爀椀戀戀攀愀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 倀漀猀琀ⴀ䌀漀氀搀 圀愀爀 䔀爀愀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 倀椀琀琀猀戀甀爀最栀Ⰰ 倀䄀㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 倀椀琀琀猀戀甀爀最栀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㠀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Dominguez, Jorge I.,“拉丁美洲自由政治與自由市場”, ਍ᄰ㭬὎൧刊》 9 (4) (十月號, 1998): 70-84.
਍䐀漀洀椀渀最甀攀稀Ⰰ  䨀漀爀最攀 䤀⸀ ∀䘀爀攀攀 瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 昀爀攀攀 洀愀爀欀攀琀猀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀 漀昀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 㤀 ⠀㐀⤀ ⠀伀挀琀漀戀攀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀⤀㨀 㜀　ⴀ㠀㐀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Dominguez, Jorge I.,與 Abraham F. Lowenthal, 編਍侮쭞ᅩ㭬뭎٬ᩴ냿坥蹓ᅿ㭬୎㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 㹝ひ楗౤곿척ⶑᩝӿൿ溗텦꾑❥硙ⱛ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ Ā㒘㈀ⴀ㤀㠀Ⰰ ㄀㄀㠀ⴀ㄀㐀㘀 ⠀萀ᩴ㹙Ų唰潹ƛ묰⥳굒鹽Ŏ쥝ⵢݗ쾂쥰ⵢ⥗㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Dominguez, Jorge I., and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds. Constructing Democratic Governance: The New South American Democracies. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, pp. 42-98, 118-146 (Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay).

਍㰀瀀㸀䐀漀洀椀渀最甀攀稀Ⰰ 䨀漀爀最攀 䤀⸀Ⰰ ܀₂䄀戀爀愀栀愀洀 䘀⸀ 䰀漀眀攀渀琀栀愀氀Ⰰ 㱽攀洀㸀ഀ《建構民主治理：新南美民主》, 巴爾地摩，馬里蘭州：約翰霍普金斯大學, 1996, 頁3-63, 135-158 (尼加拉瓜、薩爾瓦多、瓜地馬拉與海地)
਍䐀漀洀椀渀最甀攀稀Ⰰ 䨀漀爀最攀 䤀⸀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䄀戀爀愀栀愀洀 䘀⸀ 䰀漀眀攀渀琀栀愀氀Ⰰ 攀搀猀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀䌀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀渀最 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀椀挀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀愀渀挀攀㨀 䴀攀砀椀挀漀Ⰰ 䌀攀渀琀爀愀氀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䌀愀爀椀戀戀攀愀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㤀㤀　猀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䈀愀氀琀椀洀漀爀攀Ⰰ 䴀䐀㨀 䨀漀栀渀猀 䠀漀瀀欀椀渀猀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㌀ⴀ㘀㌀Ⰰ ㄀㌀㔀ⴀ㄀㔀㠀 ⠀一椀挀愀爀愀最甀愀Ⰰ 䔀氀 匀愀氀瘀愀搀漀爀Ⰰ 䜀甀愀琀攀洀愀氀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䠀愀椀琀椀⤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀䐀爀攀猀猀攀爀Ⰰ 䐀攀渀椀猀攀⸀Ⰰᰀ窉끬ㆁ㭵ꥎ使䱕蒘끶ᅥ륬㭼ꥎ噿敻ᵵⰠ踀୿ݗꢂ罘ᑔ癸⵺썎ⱟ ㄀㤀㤀㌀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Dresser, Denise. "Neopopulist Solutions to Neoliberal Problems." La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, 1993.

਍ഀഀ

Durand, Francisco, 與 Eduardo Silva., ਍줰Ţ蹎㉿䑭命䙾浕ũ錰詯瞋ސᆂ㭬୎㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 嬀蕏챿咑ᩝ埿ᝓⵓ썎著䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㤀㠀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Durand, Francisco, and Eduardo Silva. Organized business, economic change, and democracy in Latin America. Coral Gables, FL: North-South Center Press, 1998.

਍ഀഀ

“厄瓜多爾濱臨危機的民主”,਍ူѽ䉽ㅦ㹘홹ஊ㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ࡎｧ鑞ⱥ ㈀　　　⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ "Ecuador's Endangered Democracy." The New York Times. Editorial. January 25, 2000.

਍㰀瀀㸀䔀搀眀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 匀攀戀愀猀琀椀愀渀Ⰰ ܀₂䴀漀椀猀攀猀 一愀椀洀Ⰰ 㱽攀洀㸀ഀ《墨西哥1994：剖析新興市場崩潰問題》, 華盛頓特區：卡內基國際和平基金會, 1997, 頁95-245.
਍䔀搀眀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 匀攀戀愀猀琀椀愀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䴀漀椀猀攀猀 一愀椀洀Ⰰ 攀搀猀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀䴀攀砀椀挀漀 ㄀㤀㤀㐀㨀 䄀渀愀琀漀洀礀 漀昀 愀渀 䔀洀攀爀最椀渀最ⴀ䴀愀爀欀攀琀 䌀爀愀猀栀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀Ⰰ 䐀䌀㨀 䌀愀爀渀攀最椀攀 䔀渀搀漀眀洀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 倀攀愀挀攀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㜀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ 㤀㔀ⴀ㈀㐀㔀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Escobar, Arturo, 與 Sonia E. Alvarez, 編拉丁美洲社會運動的形成：認同、策略與民主, Boulder, 科羅拉多州: Westview Press, 1992, 頁1-8, 317-29.
਍䔀猀挀漀戀愀爀Ⰰ 䄀爀琀甀爀漀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 匀漀渀椀愀 䔀⸀ 䄀氀瘀愀爀攀稀Ⰰ 攀搀猀⸀ 㰀攀洀㸀吀栀攀 䴀愀欀椀渀最 漀昀 匀漀挀椀愀氀 䴀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 䰀愀琀椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀㨀 䤀搀攀渀琀椀琀礀Ⰰ 匀琀爀愀琀攀最礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀伀㨀 圀攀猀琀瘀椀攀眀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㈀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ ㄀ⴀ㠀Ⰰ ㌀㄀㜀ⴀ㈀㤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀㸀䘀愀琀琀漀渀Ⰰ 䨀爀⸀Ⰰ 刀漀戀攀爀琀⸀Ⰰᰀᄠ㭬葎띶덐ᩛ黿푟ͫ삏횞瞊ねᵗⰠ㰀攀洀㸀ഀ《比較政治學》 31 (2) (一月號, 1999): 209-30.
਍䘀愀琀琀漀渀Ⰰ 䨀爀⸀Ⰰ 刀漀戀攀爀琀⸀ ∀吀栀攀 䤀洀瀀愀椀爀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀挀礀㨀 䠀愀椀琀椀 椀渀 䌀漀洀瀀愀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 倀攀爀猀瀀攀挀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ∀ 㰀攀洀㸀䌀漀洀瀀愀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀 ㌀㄀ ⠀㈀⤀ ⠀䨀愀渀甀愀爀礀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀⤀㨀 ㈀　㤀ⴀ㌀　⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

Fishlow, Albert.,“二個總統的故事：危機管理的政治經濟”於਍罝ᆉ㭬ᙎᩓ䧿讏ݗ熂ࡽ佔䱕஘㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս䆀氀昀爀攀搀 匀琀攀瀀愀渀⸀ 嬀╲ᩭ寿╲❭硙者䡑㹲ⱹ ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ Ā㢘㌀ⴀ㄀㄀㤀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Fishlow, Albert. "A Tale of Two Presidents: The Political Economy of Crisis Management." In Democratizing Brazil: Problems of Transition and Consolidation. Edited by Alfred Stepan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989, pp. 83-119.

਍㰀瀀㸀䘀漀眀攀爀愀欀攀爀Ⰰ 䨀漀攀⸀Ⰰᰀ줠Ţ蹎㉿㹭͹䭧햐ݒ沂ᅑ൬權利” 於਍줰Ţ蹎㉿୭뙗퉛犉蒂䥶誏஋㰰⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ ս䶀攀渀渀漀 嘀攀氀氀椀渀最愀⸀ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 턀蕹쥿ᩢⱝ ㄀㤀㤀㠀Ⰰ Ā㊘㜀㄀ⴀ㤀㜀⸀㰀戀爀㸀ഀഀ Foweraker, Joe. "Social Movements and Citizenship Rights in Latin America." In The Changing Role of the State in Latin America. Ed