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課程主題
國家間戰爭之成因及預防。
課程目標
揭示和評估避免或控制戰爭之方法。是故我們將著重於可操作或可控制的戰爭成因。囊括之主題包含導致過去戰爭之困境、錯誤認知、罪行和失策；以及上述問題產生之根源及其餘的戰爭成因；可能導致未來戰爭之因素；和預防此類戰爭之可能方法，包括短期的政策措施和較理想化的架構。
本課程亦包含歷史實例，諸如第一次和第二次世界大戰、韓戰、中南半島戰爭、伯羅奔尼撒戰爭、克里米亞戰爭和七年戰爭。
課程要求
成績將會依照以下要求評定；兩份短篇分析報告（4-6頁，2倍間距），一篇針對課程閱讀和教學的極短篇心得報告（1-2頁，2倍間距），兩次小考（15分鐘），及一次期末考，和分組討論的貢獻度。兩次小考分別在第10週和第22週於課堂內舉行。心得報告須在第9堂課時繳交。兩份短篇分析報告則在第14和第26週繳交。期末考所需之研究問題將會在學期後段公佈。
學生的1-2頁心得報告應進一步提出與本課程相關之論證。更精確的說，您的論證可以對本課程之閱讀材料及授課內容提出異議，亦可採取同意之立場；您亦可評估或解釋相關閱讀及授課中所敘述之政策或歷史事件，或者提出與本課教材或議題相關的當前事件。換句話說，您的主題選擇是非常寬廣的，也非常鼓勵對閱讀材料和課堂內容中所囊括之政策及想法進行評估。在報告某處─最好是在報告一開始，提供1-2句您論證之摘要。此份報告並不予以評分，但每個人都需完成並繳交，以列入課堂參與的評分。
在開始著手報告之前，請您先熟悉資料引述的規則，且確定您能完全遵守。若無法適當的提出資料來源將被視為抄襲。
課程分數將以下列標準評定 :
- 期末考= 35%
Final = 35%
- 報告 =35% （每篇各佔17.5%）
- 小考 =15% （每次各佔7.5%）
- 課程出席 / 貢獻度15%
由學生所主持，針對第一、第二次世界大戰責任歸屬之辯論，將會在涵蓋以上戰爭的課程期間舉行（約在第15-27週間）。
指定之閱讀資料包括14週總數1650頁、平均每週118頁之資料，但每週之數量差異極大，故請妥適安排時間以應付較吃重之課程週（以兩次世界大戰為例，總共在四星期的課程中即有770頁的資料，平均一週將近有200頁的數量）。學生應於小組討論前完成閱讀，此點極為重要！（課程中將不定時抽問）
此為大學部課程，但亦開放給研究所學生修讀。
學生應購買下列書籍：
Haffner, Sebastian著 《希特勒的意義》(The Meaning of Hitler), 劍橋, Mass.: 哈佛大學出版社, 1983年
Ienaga, Saburo著 《太平洋戰爭, 1931-1945年》(The Pacific War, 1931-1945), 由 Frank Baldwin 翻譯, 紐約: Pantheon Books, 1978年
Iklé,Fred著 《終將結束之戰爭》(Every War Must End)再版紐約: 哥倫比亞大學出版社, 1991年
Thucydides著 《伯羅奔尼撒戰爭之歷史》(History of the Peloponnesian War), 由 Rex Warner 翻譯, 巴爾的摩: Penguin Books, 1972年
Miller, Steven E等人編著《軍事策略及第一次世界大戰之根源》(Military Strategy and the Origins of the First World War)再版，普林斯頓, NJ:普林斯頓大學出版社, 1991年
Stoessinger, John著《崛起之國》(Nations at Dawn)第六版, 紐約: McGraw-Hill, 1994年
Lynn-Jones, Sean M編輯《冷戰及其後：和平的展望》(The Cold War and After: Prospects for Peace)增訂版，劍橋, Mass.:麻省理工學院出版社, 1993
Course Topic
The causes and prevention of interstate war.
Course Goal
Discovering and assessing means to prevent or control war. Hence we focus on manipulable or controllable war-causes. Covered topics include the dilemmas, misperceptions, crimes, and blunders that caused wars of the past; the origins of these and other war-causes; the possible causes of wars of the future; and possible means to prevent such wars, including short-term policy steps and more utopian schemes.
Covered historical cases include World War I, World War II, Korea, Indochina, and the Peloponnesian, Crimean and Seven Years wars.
Requirements
Grades will be based on two short (4-6 double-spaced pages) analytical papers, one very short (1-2 double-spaced pages) response paper that reacts to the reading and lectures, two short (15 minute) quizzes, a final exam, and contribution to section discussion. Quizzes will occur in class during class #10 and class #22. The response paper will be due class #9. The two 4-6 page papers will be due class #14 and class #26. I will hand out study questions for the final later in the term.
Your 1-2 page response paper should advance an argument relevant to the course. Specifically, your argument can dispute argument(s) advanced in the reading or lectures; can concur with argument(s) advanced in the reading or lectures; can assess or explain policies or historical events described in the reading and lectures; or can address current events that are relevant to course materials or issues. In other words, your choice of topic is quite open. Evaluation of policies or ideas covered in the reading or lecture is encouraged. Somewhere in your paper--preferably at the beginning--please offer a 1-2 sentence summary of your argument. This paper will not be graded but is mandatory and must be completed to receive full credit for class participation.
Before writing your papers, please familiarize yourself with the rules of citing sources, and make sure you follow them. Failure to cite sources properly is plagiarism.
Course grades will be determined as follows:
- Final = 35%
- Papers = 35% (17.5% each)
- Quizzes = 15% (7.5% each)
- Section attendance / contribution = 15%.
Student-led debates on responsibility for World War I and World War II will be organized in section when those wars are covered (between class #15 to class #27).
Assigned readings total about 1650 pages, for a 14-week average of 118 pages per week, but they vary markedly in amount, so try to budget your time to be able to cover heavy weeks (e.g. the two World Wars, which together cover 770 pages in 4 weeks--i.e., nearly 200 pages per week.) Students are expected to do the readings before section meeting. This is important! (You may be called on in section from time to time.)
This is an undergraduate course, but is open to graduate students.
Students should buy these books:
Haffner, Sebastian. The Meaning of Hitler. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983.
Ienaga, Saburo. The Pacific War, 1931-1945. Translated by Frank Baldwin. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.
Iklé, Fred. Every War Must End. Rev. ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.
Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War. Translated by Rex Warner. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1972.
Miller, Steven E. et al., eds. Military Strategy and the Origins of the First World War. Rev. ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.
Stoessinger, John. Nations at Dawn. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Lynn-Jones, Sean M., ed. The Cold War and After: Prospects for Peace. Expanded ed. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1993.
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