| 1 |
什麼是社會形象化？
Introduction: What is Social Visualization? |
閱讀材料
Readings
Garton,Haythornthwaite和Wellman《線上社會網路研究》
Garton, Haythornthwaite, and Wellman. Studying Online Social Networks.
Freeman, Lin.《社會網路系統的視覺化進程》
Freeman, Lin. Visualizing Social Networks
拓展範例
More Examples
They Rule (Josh On)（譯者注：They Rule是由設計公司Future Farmers的Josh開發的一個根據管理方式理解和研究公司和機構的系統，特別是根據組織在共用董事成員之間的連接。）
They Rule (Josh On).
Valdis Krebs《"9.11"事件的恐怖分子網路》 和《政治讀物與極化讀者》，Ryze與博客網路（譯者注：Ryze是一個成員身份真實的網上社區）September 11 Terror Network and Political Books, Polarized Readers by Valdis Krebs. See also these Ryze and Blog Networks.
Mark Lombardi 的相關著作
Works by Mark Lombardi.
SMG《社交網路的點滴》
The Sociable Media Group's Social Network Fragments.
參考軟體
Possibly Useful Software
這是一份公開原碼繪圖軟體的目錄，如果希望嘗試用電腦繪圖，在TouchGraph有一些不錯的範例。
Here is a list of open source graphing software, for those of you who wish to try computational sketching. There are some nice examples with TouchGraph, among others. |
| 2 |
社會網路系統：焦點，強連結和弱連結
Social Networks: Foci, Strong and Weak Links |
關於感知與設計
Readings on Perception and Design
Tufte, Edward R. 《預想資訊》（Graphics 出版社，1990. ISBN: 0961392118）（譯者注：Tufte, Edward R.已經寫了七本書，包括《視覺化闡釋》，《預想資訊》，《數量資訊的視覺顯示》， 和《政治和政策的資料分析》。他寫作，設計，自己出版了關於資訊設計的書籍，因其內容和設計而獲得了40多次獎勵和榮譽。他是耶魯大學退休教授，曾教授統計，資訊設計和介面設計。現在的工作包括數位影像，雕塑，版畫，而且正在寫一本新書《漂亮的證據》。 ）
Tufte, Edward R. Envisioning Information. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press. 1 May 1990. ISBN: 0961392118.
論色彩：Jacobsen和 Bender 〈顏色是一種具有決定性作用的傳播。〉
On color: Jacobsen, and Bender. "Color as a Determined Communication." (PDF - 1.1 MB)
快速閱讀心態認知科學：David Chandler《心態原理》章節以及Carlo Pedroza的相關內容。
Some quick readings on gestalt perception: David Chandler's page on Gestalt Principles and this one by Carlo Pedroza.
關於社交網路
Readings on Social Networks
Granovetter《弱關係的力量》
Granovetter. "The Strength of Weak Ties." (PDF - 2.1 MB)
Feld, Scott《社會關係的集中組織》
Feld, Scott. "The Focused Organization of Social Ties." (PDF - 2.0 MB)
Adamic和 Adar《如何調查一個社會網路》
Adamic, and Adar. How to Search a Social Network.
Ravid和 Rafaeli 《非同步的討論小組，形同一個小世界、無範圍的網絡.》
Ravid, and Rafaeli. Asynchronous Discussion Groups as Small World and Scale Free Networks. |
| 3 |
基本設計元素：對顏色，表格及線條的使用
Basic Design Elements: Using Color, Form and Line |
閱讀材料
Readings
Small, David. 〈大量文本流覽〉《IBM 系統期刊 35》, no. 3 and 4 (1996).
Small, David. "Navigating Large Bodies of Text." IBM Systems Journal 35, no. 3 and 4 (1996). (PDF - 2.9 MB)
Donath, Judith《聊天視覺化的語義方法》，2002
Donath, Judith. A Semantic Approach to Visualizing Conversations. 2002.
Goodwin, Charles〈人類情境互動中的行動和具體化〉見於《語用學學刊32》: 1489-522，或是Goodwin和 Heritage〈談話分析〉見於《人類學年評19 》: 283-307
Goodwin, Charles. "Action and Embodiment within Situated Human Interaction." Journal of Pragmatics 32: 1489-522 OR Goodwin, and Heritage. "Conversation Analysis." Annual Review of Anthropology 19: 283-307. (PDF 1 - 2.2 MB) (PDF 2 - 2.8 MB) |
| 4 |
談話聊天中的社會結構
The Social Structure of Conversations |
閱讀材料
Readings
Maryland大學 生命線(Plaisant)
Lifelines University of Maryland (Plaisant).
Wiki的歷史頁面 關於IBM (Wattenberg 和 Viegas).（譯者注：在IBM's Collaborative User Experience lab中的Martin Wattenberg和Fernanda Viegas 用JAVA編寫了一個稱為歷史流（ historyflow）的工具，可以將某一個wiki頁面的編輯歷史 通過圖示的方式來表現出來。）
Wiki history IBM (Wattenberg and Viegas).
《當代工藝》 SMG (Donath, Viegas, Perry和 Howe).
Artifacts of the Presence Era SMG (Donath, Viegas, Perry and Howe).
《繪製生命的軌跡》
Map Life Path. |
| 5 |
時間，?事與歷史
Time, Narrative and History |
閱讀材料
Readings
Donath, Judith《聊天視覺化的語義方法》
Donath, Judith. A Semantic Approach to Visualizing Online Conversation.
Whittaker, Terveen, Hill,和Cherny
Whittaker, Terveen, Hill, and Cherny. The Dynamics of Mass Interaction. (PDF)
Boyd, Danah, Hyun-Yeul Lee, Daniel Ramage,以及 Judith Donath
《為網路社會發展可辨識的形象》
Boyd, Danah, Hyun-Yeul Lee, Daniel Ramage, and Judith Donath. Developing Legible Visualizations for Online Social Spaces. (PDF)
Smith, Marc. Netscan: 介面and論文(with Andrew Fiore).
Smith, Marc. Netscan: the interface and a paper (with Andrew Fiore).
Wattenberg,和 Millen.《大規模討論對話的簡單描述》
Wattenberg, and Millen. Conversation Thumbnails for Large-scale Discussions.
Sack, Warren. 談話圖像 和相關論文.
Sack, Warren. Conversation Map and a paper about it. |
| 6 |
有人存在的形象化
Inhabited Visualizations |
閱讀材料
Readings
Donath, Judith. 電子郵件的形象化
Donath, Judith. Visualizing Email. (PDF)
Duchenaut和Bellotti. 將電子郵件作為棲身之處.
Duchenaut, and Bellotti. Email as Habitat.
《IBM徹底改造電子郵件專案》
Remail Project at IBM. |
| 7 |
將電子郵件形象化
Visualizing Email |
必讀目錄
Required Readings
Brilliant, Richard. 《形塑》第一章. Reaktion Books, 2004年八月一日. ISBN: 0948462191.
Brilliant, Richard. Chapter 1 in Portraiture. Reaktion Books, 1 August 2004. ISBN: 0948462191.
身份實體：21世紀的寫照- 亦見於 DVD.
Id/Entity: Portraits in the 21st Century - also DVD.
補充閱讀
Supplementary Readings
取自《天堂現在展出目錄》,Nancy Burson, Kevin Clarke, Larry Miller, Steve Miller和 G Schneider 的作品
From Paradise Now Exhibit Catalog, works by Nancy Burson, Kevin Clarke, Larry Miller, Steve Miller, and G Schneider.
Quinn, Marc. Sir John Sulston: 普通肖像
Quinn, Marc. Sir John Sulston: A Genomic Portrait.
Felix Gonzalex-Torres
Felix Gonzalex-Torres.
Gary Schneider
Gary Schneider.
Campbell, Jim. 母親的肖像，父親的肖像
Campbell, Jim. Portrait of My Mother, Portrait of My Father.
Diego Goldberg家庭寫照，Brown姐妹
Diego Goldberg Family Portraits, The Brown Sisters.
Miscellaneous stuff at《新寫照》
Miscellaneous stuff at New Portrait.
雜貨清單
Grocery Lists. |
| 8 |
資料的描述
Data Portraits |
|
| 9 |
期末專題報告
Final Project Proposal Presentations |
閱讀材料
Readings
Azar, Beth.表情裏面包含著什麼？
Azar, Beth. What is in a face?
生態學的表情
Ecological Face Displays.
Donath, Judith. 仲介表情(草稿)
Donath, Judith. Mediated Faces (draft). (PDF)
Walker, Sproull, and Subramani. 在介面上應用人類表情 (當地版).
Walker, Sproull, and Subramani. Using a Human Face in an Interface (local copy). (PDF) |
| 10 |
臉孔形象化
Visualized Faces |
閱讀材料
Readings
Johnson, Mark和 George Lakoff. 《我們賴以生存的象徵》第二版. University Of Chicago Press, 2003年四月十五日. ISBN: 0226468011.
Johnson, Mark, and George Lakoff. Metaphors We Live By. 2nd ed. University Of Chicago Press, 15 April 2003. ISBN: 0226468011.
Lynch, Kevin.《城市圖像》 第一章. The MIT Press, 1960年六月十五日. ISBN: 0262620014.
Lynch, Kevin. Chapter 1 in The Image of the City. The MIT Press, 15 June 1960. ISBN: 0262620014. |
| 11 |
空間，隱喻和圖像
Spaces, Metaphors and Maps |
關於公共空間的擴展
Readings on Augmenting Public Space
Rozier, Karahalios,和 Donath. 《此處彼處：連接聲音真實系統的擴展》2001.
Rozier, Karahalios, and Donath. "Here and There: An Augmented Reality System of Linked Audio." 2001. (PDF)
Reckimoto, J., Y. Ayatsuka和K. Hayashi.〈增加真實性：通過物理和數位空間的情境通訊〉《98年國際語義學大會》1998.
Reckimoto, J., Y. Ayatsuka, and K. Hayashi. "Augmentable Reality: Situated Communication Through Physical and Digital Spaces." ISWC'98. 1998. (PDF)
Tejp
Tejp.
關於無處不在的表演
Readings on Ambient Displays
Redstrom, Johan, Tobias Skog和 Lars Hallnas.《資訊藝術：擴大藝術品當作資訊展示》
Redström, Johan, Tobias Skog, and Lars Hallnäs. "Informative Art: Using Amplified Artworks as Information Displays." (PDF - 3.4 MB) |
| 12 |
作為結構的形象化
Visualization as Architecture |
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| 13 |
期末專題
Final Project |
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社會形象化
Social Visualization
Viegas, Fernanda, Ethan Perry, Ethan Howe和Judith Donath. 〈當代工藝: ：用資訊視覺化創造喚起記憶的紀念品〉，將在2004年的資訊視覺化會議上提出，in Austin, TX.
Viégas, Fernanda, Ethan Perry, Ethan Howe, and Judith Donath. "Artifacts of the Presence Era: Using Information Visualization to Create an Evocative Souvenir." To be presented at InfoVis 2004, in Austin, TX. (PDF)
Perry, Ethan和 Judith Donath.〈擬人的形象化：描述網路空間參與者的新方法〉，短篇論文，ACM電腦人機介面會議，2004，Vienna, Austria.
Perry, Ethan, and Judith Donath. "Anthropomorphic Visualization: A New Approach For Depicting Participants in Online Spaces." Short paper, ACM Computer-Human Interaction 2004, Vienna, Austria. (PDF)
Viegas, Fernanda, Danah Boyd, David H. Nguyen, Jeffrey Potter和Judith Donath.〈用以記憶和?述的數位工藝: 後期歷史與社會網路結構的點滴〉，夏威夷系統科學國際會議2004 (會議論文).
Viégas, Fernanda, Danah Boyd, David H. Nguyen, Jeffrey Potter, and Judith Donath. "Digital Artifacts for Remembering and Storytelling: PostHistory and Social Network Fragments." HICSS 2004 (conference paper). (PDF)
Donath, Judith.〈線上交談視覺化的語義學方法〉，《ACM通訊》45, no. 4 (2002年四月).
Donath, Judith. "A Semantic Approach to Visualizing Online Conversations." Communications of the ACM 45, no. 4 (April 2002).
Borovoy, R., F. Martin, S. Vemuri, M. Resnick, B. Silverman和 C. Hancock. 〈模仿標籤和社區的真實寫照: 從會議到合作〉，98年《電腦支援協同工作》會議錄 Seattle, WA: Nov. 1998, pp. 14-19.
Borovoy, R., F. Martin, S. Vemuri, M. Resnick, B. Silverman, and C. Hancock. "Meme tags and community mirrors: Moving from conferences to collaboration." In Proceedings of CSCW '98. Seattle, WA: Nov. 1998, pp. 14-19.
Donath, J. 〈視覺化對象〉95年《ACM多媒體》會議錄 San Franciso, CA: Nov. 5-9, 1995.
Donath, J. "Visual Who." In Proceedings of ACM Multimedia`95. San Franciso, CA: Nov. 5-9, 1995.
Susani, Marco.《繪製會談圖》.
Susani, Marco. Mapping conversation.
Minar, Nelson和 Judith Donath. 〈網站群體的形象化〉，1999《人機介面》 (短篇論文).
Minar, Nelson, and Judith Donath. "Visualizing the crowds at a web site." CHI 1999 (short paper).
Xiong, Rebecca和 Judith Donath. 〈大眾花園：為用戶創建資料庫〉，1999.
Xiong, Rebecca, and Judith Donath. "PeopleGarden: Creating data portraits for users." UIST 1999. (PDF - 2.5 MB)
Kerr, Bernard. 思維的弧線.
Kerr, Bernard. Thread Arcs.
Smith, Marc. 〈網路掃描：測量和繪製使用網絡的社會結構圖〉見於《網路空間中的社區》. London: Routledge (in press), 1998.
Smith, Marc. "Netscan: measuring and mapping the social structure of Usenet." In Communities in Cyberspace. London: Routledge (in press), 1998.
Sack, Warren. 會談圖.
Sack, Warren. Conversation Map.
Ben Fry - 媒體實驗室工作室的活動
Ben Fry - Activity in the Media Lab Shop.
身份 實體
Id/Entity.
They Rule (Josh On)
They Rule (Josh On).
911恐怖網路(Valdis Krebs)
September 11 Terror Network (Valdis Krebs).
Mark Lombardi的著作
Mark Lombardi's works.
Jason Salavon的著作(特別是人的皮膚(男性)，暗夜三聯圖)
Jason Salavon's works (especially flayed figure (male), late night triptych).
Komar 和 Melamid 最像要的畫
Komar and Melamid Most Wanted Paintings.
Moodstats
Moodstats.
相關技術和示例
Related Techniques and Examples
Lumeta 網絡地圖
Lumeta Web Map (Bill Cheswick).
網路空間的地圖導覽
Atlas of Cyberspace.
網際網路的地圖
Maps of the World Wide Web.
TextArc (Brad Paley)
TextArc (Brad Paley).
視覺寶庫
Visual Thesaurus (Plumb Design).
原子價and 海葵 (Ben Fry).
Valence and Anemone (Ben Fry).
雙曲線流覽器 (InXight).
Hyperbolic Browser (InXight).
空間網 (Jared Schiffman).
Spacenet (Jared Schiffman).
Tamara Munzner.
Tamara Munzner.
SequoiaView (Jarke [Jack] Van Wijk)
SequoiaView (Jarke [Jack] Van Wijk).
StarTree雙曲線流覽器(Ramana Rao, Inxight). .
StarTree Hyperbolic Browser (Ramana Rao, Inxight).
Ahlberg, C.和 B. Shneiderman.〈尋找視覺化資訊:利用星野顯示加強耦合動態查詢過過濾〉，見於《電腦系統中的人為因素94年人機交互會議錄》， 1994, pp. 313-317.
Ahlberg, C., and B. Shneiderman. "Visual information seeking: Tight coupling of dynamic query filters with starfield displays." In Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI '94 Conference Proceedings. 1994, pp. 313-317.
Bederson, B. B., J. D. Hollan, K. Perlin, J. Meyer, D. Bacon 和 G. Furnas. 〈Pad++:一種探索可替換物理介面的可縮放圖形化畫板〉，《視覺化語言與計算期刊》7, no. 1 (1996年三月): 3-31.
Bederson, B. B., J. D. Hollan, K. Perlin, J. Meyer, D. Bacon, and G. Furnas. "Pad++: A zoomable graphical sketchpad for exploring alternate interface physics." Journal of Visual Languages and Computing 7, no. 1 (March 1996): 3-31.
Bier, E. A., M. C. Stone, K. Pier, W. Buxton 和T. DeRose. 〈工具鏡和魔鏡：介面透視〉，《美國電腦協會電腦繪圖專業組》會議錄93. Anaheim, CA: August 1-6, 1993, pp. 73-80.
Bier, E. A., M. C. Stone, K. Pier, W. Buxton, and T. DeRose. "Toolglass and magic lenses: The see-through interface." In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 93. Anaheim, CA: August 1-6, 1993, pp. 73-80.
Brave, Scott 和 Andrew Dahley.〈接觸：觸覺感應人際傳播的一種媒介〉，《97人機介面擴展摘要: 計算系統中人的因素分析討論會》， ACM Press, 1997, pp. 363-364.
Brave, Scott, and Andrew Dahley. "InTouch: a medium for haptic interpersonal communication." Extended Abstracts of CHI'97: Conference on Human Factorsin Computing Systems. ACM Press, 1997, pp. 363-364.
Card, Stuart K., George Robertson, and William York. 〈網站手冊與網站入侵者：網際網路的資訊工作空間〉見於《美國電腦協會有關計算系統中人為因素的會議錄， 96人機介面》， 1996, pp. 111-117.
Card, Stuart K., George Robertson, and William York. "The WebBook and the Web Forager: An Information Workspace for the World-Wide Web." In Proceedings of ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'96). 1996, pp. 111-117.
Dourish, P. 〈媒體空間的文化與控制〉《93年電腦支援協同工作第三屆歐洲會議錄，面向企業的電腦支援的協同工作》（米蘭，義大利） Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1993. (PS)
Dourish, P. "Culture and Control in a Media Space." In Proc. Third European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work ECSCW'93 (Milan, Italy). Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1993. (PS)
Eick, Stephen G., and Graham J. Wills. 〈瀏覽有階層的大範圍網路〉見於《93年視覺化會議錄》. San Jose, California: October 1993, pp. 204-210, 25-29.
Eick, Stephen G., and Graham J. Wills. "Navigating Large Networks with Hierarchies." In Visualization '93 Conference Proceedings. San Jose, California: October 1993, pp. 204-210, 25-29.
Feiner, S., and C. Beshers. 〈世界中的世界：探索N維虛擬世界的隱喻〉見於《用戶介面軟體與技術》90年會議錄1990, pp. 76-83.
Feiner, S., and C. Beshers. "World within world: Metaphors for exploring n-dimensional virtual worlds." In Proceedings of UIST '90. 1990, pp. 76-83.
Feiner, S., B. MacIntyre, M. Haupt和 E. Solomon. 〈世界的視窗: 擴展3D現實的2D視窗〉見於《用戶介面軟體與技術》93年會議錄》《用戶介面軟體和技術》，《美國電腦學會》評論集Atlanta, GA: November 3-5, 1993, pp. 145-155.
Feiner, S., B. MacIntyre, M. Haupt, and E. Solomon. "Windows on the world: 2D windows for 3D augmented reality." In Proc. UIST '93 (ACM Symp. on User Interface Software and Technology). Atlanta, GA: November 3-5, 1993, pp. 145-155. (PDF)
Furnas, George和 Benjamin Bederson. 〈空間範圍圖表：理解多範圍的介面〉見於《計算系統中人為因素，95年人機介面》會議錄 pp. 234-241.
Furnas, George, and Benjamin Bederson. "Space-scale diagrams: understanding multiscale interfaces." In CHI '95. Conference proceedings on Human factors in computing systems. pp. 234-241.
Hill, W. C., J. D. Hollan, D. Wroblewski和T. McCandless. 〈編輯和讀取的遺留痕跡〉見於92年《人機介面》會議錄 1992, pp. 3-9.
Hill, W. C., J. D. Hollan, D. Wroblewski, and T. McCandless. "Edit wear and read wear." In Proceedings of CHI `92. 1992, pp. 3-9. (PDF)
Honkela, Timo, Samuel Kaski, Krista Lagus和Teuvo Kohonen. 〈基於WEBSOM的文檔收集自組圖〉 見於97年《自組圖研討會》會議錄Helsinki University of Technology, Finland: June 4-6, 1997, pp. 310-315. [The WEBSOM site].
Honkela, Timo, Samuel Kaski, Krista Lagus, and Teuvo Kohonen. "WEBSOM-Self-Organizing Maps of Document Collections." In Proceedings of WSOM'97, Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps. Helsinki University of Technology, Finland: June 4-6, 1997, pp. 310-315. [The WEBSOM site].
Ishii, H., and B. Ullmer. 〈可觸位元：人、位元和原子間的無逢介面〉見於97年《人機介面》會議錄, 《美國電腦學會》. 1997年三月, pp. 234-241.
Ishii, H., and B. Ullmer. "Tangible Bits: Towards Seamless Interfaces between People, Bits, and Atoms." In Proceedings of CHI'97, ACM. March 1997, pp. 234-241. (PDF)
Kautz, Henry, Bart Selman, and Mehul Shah. 〈隱匿的網站〉見於《人工智慧》雜誌18, no. 2 (1997夏季刊): 27-36.
Kautz, Henry, Bart Selman, and Mehul Shah. "The hidden web." AI Magazine 18, no. 2 (Summer 1997): 27-36.
Munzner, T.和 P. Burchard. 〈3D雙曲線空間中網際網路的結構視覺化〉見於95 年《虛擬現實建模語言》討論會學報 San Diego, CA: 1995年十二月13-16日, pp. 33-38.
Munzner, T., and P. Burchard. "Visualizing the Structure of the World Wide Web in 3D Hyperbolic Space." In Proceedings of the VRML '95 Symposium. San Diego, CA: December 13-16, 1995, pp. 33-38.
Rennison, E. 〈新聞群: 想像與理解廣泛新聞的方法〉見於，94年《用戶介面軟體與技術》會議錄1994, pp. 3-12.
Rennison, E. "Galaxy of news: An approach to visualizing and understanding expansive news landscapes." In Proceedings of UIST '94. 1994, pp. 3-12. (PDF)
Robertson, G. G., S. K. Card和J. D. Mackinlay. 〈使用3D互動動畫進行資訊形象化〉見於《美國電腦學會通信》 36, no.4: 57-71.
Robertson, G. G., S. K. Card, and J. D. Mackinlay. "Information visualization using 3D interactive animation." In Communications of the ACM 36, no.4: 57-71. (PDF)
Small, David. 〈流覽大量文本〉見於《IBM系統期刊 35》no. 3 and 4 (1996).
Small, David. "Navigating large bodies of text." In IBM Systems Journal 35 no. 3 and 4 (1996).
感知，認知和設計
Perception, Cognition and Design
Albers, Josef. 《色彩的互動》修訂版. Yale University Press, 1975年九月十日. ISBN: 0300018460.
Albers, Josef. Interaction of Color. Revised ed. Yale University Press, 10 September 1975. ISBN: 0300018460.
Arnheim, Rudolph. 〈藝術與視覺感知〉見於《感知與想像》 第二版. Focal Press, 2001年十二月. p. 18. ISBN: 024080466X.
Arnheim, Rudolph. "Art and Visual Perception." In Perception and Imaging. 2nd ed. Focal Press, December 2001. p. 18. ISBN: 024080466X.
Bertin, Jacques. 〈圖形記號學〉見於《資訊製圖法：詳細闡述的參考文獻》 Oxford University Press, 2000年二月一日. ISBN: 0195135326.
Bertin, Jacques. "The Semiology of Graphics." In Information Graphics: A Comprehensive Illustrated Reference. Oxford University Press, 1 February 2000. ISBN: 0195135326.
Brewster, S. A., P. C. Wright和 A.D.N. Edwards〈聲圖像在聲音人機介面方面的應用評估〉，《93年ACM人機介面會議錄》1993年四月, pp. 222-227.
Brewster, S. A., P. C. Wright, and A.D.N. Edwards. "An Evaluation of Earcons for Use in Auditory Human-Computer Interfaces." In Proceedings of ACM CHI '93. April 1993, pp. 222-227. (PDF)
Donath, Judith. 〈仲介表情〉，《認知科學》2001 (特別邀稿論文).
Donath, Judith. "Mediated Faces." Cognitive Technology 2001 (invited paper). (PDF)
Nielson, Gregory M., Heinrich Mueller和 Hans Hagen編輯 〈科學視覺化概覽：方法論和技術〉《電器和電子工程師協會》電腦科學出版社, 1997年二月, pp. 191-210. ISBN: 0818677775.
Nielson, Gregory M., Heinrich Mueller, and Hans Hagen, eds. "Scientific Visualization Overviews, Methodologies and Techniques." IEEE. Computer Science Press, February 1997, pp. 191-210. ISBN: 0818677775.
社會分析
Social Analysis
Milgram, Stanley. 〈巴黎的心理學地圖〉見於《在社群世界獨本中的個體》 MA: Addison-Wesley, 1977
Milgram, Stanley. "Psychological maps of Paris." In The Individual in a Social World Reading. MA: Addison-Wesley, 1977.
同前作者 《相似的陌生人：城市匿名者的外表》
Ibid. The familiar stranger: an aspect of urban anonymity.
Wirth, Lewis. 〈都市生活作為一種生活方式〉《美國社會學期刊》，改寫重印版見於LeGates, R.和 Stout, F.編輯的《城市閱讀家》, 1938.
Wirth, Lewis. "Urbanism as a way of life." American Journal of Sociology. Reprinted and abridged in editions by LeGates, R. and Stout, F., eds., The City Reader, 1938.
Whyte, William H. 〈城市：再次探索中心〉New York: Doubleday, 1988.
Whyte, William H. "City: Rediscovering the Center." New York: Doubleday, 1988.
Golder, Scott 和 Judith Donath. 〈電子社區中的社會角色〉，論文延伸摘要將發表於AoIR, 2004
Golder, Scott, and Judith Donath. "Social Roles in Electronic Communities." Extended abstract of a paper to be presented at AoIR, 2004.
