促進社會發展的開創企業(縮寫為DE)是由Sandy Pentland教授主講的秋季課程，針對發展中國家和新興區域中創業投資的議題，包括了：創始建立、財務運作、企業發展。
概要描述
這門課透過對成功和失敗的商業例子的分析來觀察促進社會發展的創業行為，主要的內容是針對以商業行為來行銷和推廣產品或是服務的案例。我們觀察的案例集中在南亞、非洲、拉丁美洲和東歐、中國大陸和其它發展中的區域，透過目前正在進行和過去的個案，我們希望能夠介紹這些促進社會發展的企業家們所面對的各種機會和挑戰。最後，我們也會探究在麻省理工學院和其它組織所研究的促進發展的科技影響之下，所開啟的新商業模式和新商業機會。
期待學生的回饋
我們要求學生規劃出一個執行大綱，規格和程度必須要能夠參加麻省理工五萬美金創業賽的一千美金暖身賽(朱註：http://50k.mit.edu/，這是麻省理工學院自從1990年開始，每年舉辦一次的創業大賽，成立時的目標是希望結合史隆管理學院學生的經營能力和理工科系學生的科技能力來創造出富創意及活力的新事業來。自從創立以來，這個計畫已經創造出六十家公司，總價值高達一百零五億美金；而這些公司也創造了一千八百個工作機會，獲得了一億七千五百萬美金的創投資金。成功的案例包括了Akamai (AKAM)、 net.Genesis(NTG)、C-Bridge Internet Solutions (CBIS)等。)我們同時也鼓勵最有潛力的團隊於自由活動月時前往其它國家進一步研究和規劃這個新的事業，也許是執行某些麻省理工學院促進社會發展企業的指派計畫。
彼此關連的策略主題
在整個學期之中我們介紹了一連串的關鍵策略主題和議題，包括了：
定義草根和促進社會發展的企業 微型金融和全球金融服務 以巨觀角度觀察促進社會發展資金的新興資源 挑戰：文化和政治對商業進步的限制
定義草根和促進社會發展的企業
草根vs.大尺度 非正式vs.正式領域 當地產業vs.跨國企業參與 傳統和新興商業模式 微型特許經營與微型企業 藝品小店與私有權 vs.可比例放量成長的商業 永續性、適當性、授權、民主化 當地平等參與全球企業的範例
微型金融與全球金融服務
微型金融 微型信貸：Grameen等 微型租賃 微型特許經營 微型創投 家庭匯款：墨西哥的驚人數據
以巨觀角度觀察促進社會發展資金的新興資源
挑戰：文化和政治對商業進步的限制
缺乏法律或執行不力 過度管制和官僚負擔 腐敗與賄賂 文化愚弄和反創意
研究案例
藉著由全球各地發展中區域取經的案例研究，我們希望從過去和現在正在進行中的例子來分析促進社會發展的創業者所面對的各種挑戰和機會。我們所取用的案例包括(並非每一個都屬於深入研究)：
成功與失敗的歷史案例研究：
通訊產業：非洲電信集團(African Communications Group)、葛拉敏電話(Grameen Phone) 特許經營經驗：可口可樂(Coca Cola)與其它跨國企業 醫藥產業：南非微藥企業 娛樂產業：墨西哥電影行銷：墨影(Cinemex，朱註：創立者Miguel Angel Davila是1993年的哈佛商學院畢業生) 分散能源：SELCO在斯里蘭卡和印度的第一線光芒 旅行和旅遊：捷克旅行社， EcoTourism
目前正在進行的案例：
視力矯正：Saul Griffith與媒體實驗室、Neil Houghton/HBS等的低價眼鏡 水過濾：Susan Murcott/麻省理工土木與環境工程系所 醫藥育成中心：Amy Smith/Edgerton中心(朱註：這是麻省理工提供給學生的實作中心，有許多諸如太陽能車的計畫在進行) 微型金融：Asheesh Advani/CircleLending
與麻省理工學院的創意努力接軌，促進社會發展
我們希望這門課程能夠支持、推廣、結合、觸發和加速整個麻省理工學院對促進社會發展的創意方向的努力。
繼續構築和與其它麻省理工的發展課程合作
許多理工科的學生都參與過發展科技、設計是關鍵和其它架構適當科技的課程。促進社會發展的開創企業課程協助這些學生更進一步的探究，如何將他們的科技解決方案透過商業的方式推廣出去。
競賽、會議和實地試驗
我們會鼓勵被認為擁有實行可能的學生和專題參與麻省理工的五萬美金創業競賽、各種全球商業企畫競賽、發展會議或是實地前往該地試驗，能夠更快速的獲得是否能夠商業化的資料回饋。
觸發麻省理工促進十億人社會發展的科技挑戰
我們會激勵學生和大眾設計出能解決全球至少十億人面對的問題，在經濟上可行的方案。我們鼓勵學生從各個可能的問題角度來挑戰這些問題，但我們希望學生們可以繼續努力研究最迫切和最有希望的幾個面向。這包括了：水資源、食物、居住、能源、運輸、衛生、健康通訊和娛樂。
Summary Description
We surveyed developmental entrepreneurship via case examples of both successful and failed businesses and generally grapple with deploying and diffusing products and services through entrepreneurial action. By drawing on live and historical cases, especially from South Asia, Africa, Latin America as well as Eastern Europe, China, and other developing regions, we sought to cover the broad spectrum of challenges and opportunities facing developmental entrepreneurs. Finally, we explored a range of established and emerging business models as well as new business opportunities enabled by developmental technologies developed in MIT labs and beyond.
Expected Student Deliverables
We asked students to craft a business plan executive summary, something worthy of submission in the MIT $50K Entrepreneurship Competition $1K Warm-Up. We further encouraged the most promising teams to spend IAP internationally further researching and prototyping the new venture, perhaps under some kind of MIT Developmental Entrepreneurship Deployment Initiative.
Interwoven Strategic Themes
Woven throughout the semester were a series of critical strategic themes and threads, including broadly
Defining Grassroots and Developmental Entrepreneurship MicroFinance and Financial Services Worldwide Macro Perspective on Emerging Sources of Developmental Capital Challenges: Cultural and Political Constraints to Business Progress
Defining Grassroots and Developmental Entrepreneurship
Grassroots vs. Largescale Informal vs. Formal Sectors Indigenous vs. Multi-National Company Participation Classic and Emerging Business Models MicroFranchising and MicroEntrepreneurship Handicrafts Sector and Proprietorships vs. Scaleable Growth Businesses Sustainability, Appropriateness, Empowerment, Democratization Models for Local Equity Participation in Global Business
MicroFinance and Financial Services Worldwide
Macro Perspective on Emerging Sources of Developmental Capital
Titleizing Dead Capital - De Soto in Peru, Egypt, etc. Propertizing and Protecting Property Rights Human Capital: Brain Rotation - India IITs
Challenges: Cultural & Political Constraints to Business Progress
Lack of Law and Ill-Enforcement Over-Regulation and Bureaucratic Burden Corruption and Baksheesh Cultural Stultification and Anti-Innovation
Cases Used
By embracing live and historical cases drawn from a sampling of developing regions globally, we hoped to cover the broad spectrum of challenges and opportunities facing developmental entrepreneurs. Cases drawn from (although not all covered in depth) include:
Historical Cases of Success and Failure
Communications - African Communications Group, Grameen Phone Franchise Experience Pool - Coca Cola and Other MNC's Medical Drugs - Southern African MicroPharmacies Entertainment - Mexican Movie Distribution Cinemex Distributed Power - SELCO's First Light in Sri Lanka and India Travel and Tourism - Czech Travel Agency, EcoTourism
Current Live Cases
Vision Correction - Saul Griffith/Media Lab and Neil Houghton/HBS et. al. with Low Cost Eyeglasses Water Filtration - Susan Murcott/MIT Civil and Environmental Engineering Medical Incubators - Amy Smith/Edgerton Center MicroFinance - Asheesh Advani/CircleLending
Connection to Broader MIT Developmental Innovation Efforts
We hoped the course would support, promote, connect, catalyze, and otherwise accelerate MIT-wide efforts towards developmental innovation.
Building On and Complementing Other MIT Development Classes
Many technology students have participated in Development Technologies, Design that Matters, and other classes on building appropriate technologies. Developmental Entrepreneurship helped such students investigate the further challenge of broadly deploying their technology solution via business action.
Competitions, Conferences, and Field Trials
Promising students and projects were encouraged to participate in the MIT $50K Entrepreneurship Competition, global business plan contests, development conferences, and in real field trials, seeking fast iterative feedback on business viability.
Catalyzing the MIT 1G Developmental Technology Challenge
We challenged our students and people generally to craft economically viable solutions for problems faced by at least One Billion people worldwide. We encouraged students to tackle these big challenges in any of many possible Problem Domains, but we hope folks will continue to pursue the most pressing and promising prospects with greatest vigor. Worthy sectors include: Water, Food, Shelter, Power, Transportation, Sanitation, Health, Communication, Recreation.
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