本科目概括當代歐洲文化與知識份子歷史的主要思潮。這是一門以歐洲人文科學為中心的基礎課程。（思想史、觀念史）。本課程將介紹一系列在歐洲文化歷史中均扮演著結構性角色的觀念與論點，透過這些批判觀點與思維能讓我們更深層地瞭解歐洲文化。在每個主題中，任一獨特的思想都對當代歐洲文化有著長遠的影響。

本閱讀始於新教徒宗教改革，後至法國大革命，最後則是後二次世界大戰時期。人物涵蓋馬丁路德、笛卡兒、康得、黑格爾、盧梭、亞當史密斯、馬克思，與佛洛伊德。課堂討論並將置文章於歐洲文化的情境脈絡中：戈耶（譯註：全名Francisco de Goya法蘭西斯科•德•戈耶，1746~1828，西班牙人，浪漫主義畫派畫家）、達維（譯註：全名, Jacques - Louis David賈奎路易•達維，1748~1825，法國人，新古典主義畫派畫家）、與杜象（譯註：全名Marcel Duchamp馬賽勒•杜象，1887~1968，法國人，達達運動主要人物，以畫作「下樓梯的裸女」與雕塑「泉」聞名）的藝術創作；辛克爾（譯註：全名Karl Friedrich Schinkel，1792~1838，德國古典主義建築大師，柏林藝術館為代表作）的建築；巴哈的音樂；以及歌德的文學創作。全程英語授課。

目的

本課程被設計為進階歐洲研究課程之基礎。學生應針對被提出之議題，建構其自身論述。本課程特別鼓勵良好的互動交流；報告，口頭報告與積極參與課堂討論都是期末成績的審核項目。期待學生能於批判性分析與表達中得到進步。

要求

教學方式是基於以下三種模式：講課，練習與回饋。學生擁有充足的機會從事課堂討論。學生的每份作業將獲得建設性的評論，並被要求於適當時修訂其作業。

1. 課堂參與極為重要。為了在課堂上提供有價值的貢獻，學生應作足做好課前準備。每次（討論）會議前須完成指定閱讀。每份指定作業均附有引導性的問題。無法出席者應事前親自或以電話告知授課講師。缺席超過四次將自動被退修。
   
   本課程進行的大部分時間，學生要針對閱讀作業所附之問題，繳交簡短書面回答（約200-250字）。這些書面回答不會列入計分項目，而是用來增益課堂討論。此外，規律的寫作練習是為了本課程與其他科目的大規模報告作準備。學期內將有21個問題陸續出現，學生則要挑選其中15個有興趣的問題回答。學生依不間斷的回答練習將有助益其進步。這些簡短書面回答將不被允許遲交。
   
   課堂討論須相互注重禮貌。
   
   計分比重：課堂討論與10份簡短書面回答，共計10﹪。
   
   
2. 本課程的主要目標之一，是針對批判性分析論述之培養與改進。學期末前學生須撰寫四份評論。每份已完成的評論都必須詳列參考資料，並採用MLA格式（譯註：MLA 格式為美國現代語言學會Modern Language Association制定，用於多數語言及文學性期刊）。建議字數間隔為一頁250字。
   
   每個指定日期之中午，為評論的最後繳交期限。遲交而未獲得講師事前允許者，將處以成績降一等級的懲罰（譯註：例如由A降至B），遲交超過一星期則將降兩等級。學生請勿忘自存備份。
   
   首份評論（作業）是慎辨練習。學生被要求繳交經過校訂觀點後的評論。此次作業，只有校訂過後的才會列入審核。
   
   計分比重：首份評論與校訂版本，合計10﹪，第二份評論計10﹪，第三份評論計20﹪，第四份評論計25﹪。
   
   
3. 除繳交作業外，學生也須作口頭報告。學生應準備乙份一頁的提綱。在20分鐘的呈現中，學生要提供作者主要論述的摘要，並解釋此文本被產製時的歷史脈絡，同時開放一些問題以供討論。
   
   報告的評分參考是依據下列標準：洞察力，明晰度，以及更為重要的是報告者應要刺激其他同學的思考與參與討論。
   
   計分比重：口語報告呈現，計10﹪。
   
   
4. 最後，累積式測驗。
   
   計分比重：期末測驗，計15﹪。
   

This subject surveys the main currents of European cultural and intellectual history in the modern period.Such a foundation course is central to the humanities in Europe (Geistesgeschichte, histoire des idées).The curriculum introduces a set of ideas and arguments that have played a formative role in European cultural history, and acquaints them with some exemplars of critical thought.With each text, special consideration will be devoted to the work's enduring influence over contemporary European culture.

Readings begin with the Protestant Reformation, and move through the French Revolution up to the post-WWII period.Figures to be considered include Luther, Descartes, Kant, Hegel, Rousseau, Smith, Marx, and Freud.Class discussions will set these texts into the context of European culture:to be considered are artworks by Goya, David, and Duchamp; the architecture of Schinkel; the music of Bach; and the literature of Goethe.Taught in English.

Purpose

This course serves as a foundation for those pursuing further courses in European Studies.Students will be expected to construct arguments of their own about the issues raised. The course places a premium on excellence in communication; papers, oral presentations, and active participation in class discussions account for the full final grade.Students are expected to demonstrate progress in critical analysis and expression.

Requirements

The method of pedagogy is based on three modes:instruction, practice, and feedback.Students are given the fullest opportunity to engage in class discussions.Students shall receive constructive commentary on each assignment, and will be asked to revise their work when appropriate.

1. Class participation is essential to this course.In order to make a valuable contribution students should come prepared to each class.Assigned readings must be completed before each class meeting.A guiding question shall accompany each assignment. Students who are unable to attend a class must inform the instructor in advance, either in person or by telephone.Students with more than four absences shall be automatically dropped from the class.
   
   On most days students shall submit brief written responses (200-250 words each) to the question on the reading assignment.Although these responses will not be graded, such individual preparation will enhance class discussions.Furthermore, regular writing practice will prepare students for longer papers, both in this course and beyond.Of the 21 questions distributed over the course of the semester, students may select 15 to which they would like to respond. Students shall account for their progress with this series by consecutively marking each text (i.e. 1/15, 2/15… ). No extensions shall be granted for these writing assignments.
   
   Courtesy toward others in discussions is expected.
   
   Grading:Participation in class discussion and submission of ten brief written responses-- 10%.
   
   
2. One of the primary goals of this course is the development and refinement of critical analysis and argument.To this end students will write four essays.In finished essays any and all references must be cited.Essays must conform to MLA standards.A good guideline for word counts is this:1 manuscript page = 250 words.
   
   Essays are due at noon on the dates indicated.Essays submitted late without prior permission from the instructor will be penalized by one full letter grade.Essays submitted more than one week will be penalized by two full letter grades.Always keep a printed copy of your essay.
   
   The first essay is a diagnostic exercise.Students are required to submit revised versions of this essay.For this assignment, only the revised essay will be graded.
   
   Grading:First essay and revision-- 10%, second essay-- 10%, third essay-- 20%, fourth essay-- 25%.
   
   
3. In addition to the writing assignments, students will also be expected to deliver an oral presentation.Students shall prepare and present a one-page handout on the day's reading.In these twenty-minute presentations students should provide a summary of the author's main points, describe the historical context in which the text was produced, and open up a few questions for discussion.
   
   Presentations will be evaluated according to the following criteria:insight, clarity, and, importantly, the degree to which presenters are able to stimulate the thoughtful participation of their classmates.
   
   Grading:One oral presentation-- 10%.
   
   
4. Final, cumulative exam.
   
   Grading: Final examination-- 15%.