麻省理工學院「開放式課程網頁」 | 經濟學 | 14.03 2000秋季課程：中級個體經濟學應用


課	課程單元	閱讀資料	指定作業


1	經濟學是一種社會科學 Economics as a Social Science	Krugman 〈意外的理論家〉 Krugman. "Accidental Theorist


2	複習最低工資爭論下的供給及需求法則：工資設定競爭模式，及獨佔模式假說。 Review of Supply and Demand in the Context of the Minimum Wage Debate: Assumptions Behind Competitive Model of Wage Setting, Monopsony Model	Nicholson 《個體經濟學理論：基本原理及展論》第1章 Nicholson. Microeconomic Theory: Basic Principles and Extensions. Chap. 1. Freeman 〈評論：神話與計量學：最低工資的新經濟學〉 Freeman. "Comment: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage." Kennan 〈最低工資的微妙影響〉 Kennan. "The Elusive Effects of Minimum Wages." 課堂討論閱讀資料： Readings for class discussion: Card & Krueger〈最低工資與就業：紐澤西及賓州第一食品公司個案研究〉 Card and Krueger. "Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania." 補充閱讀： Supplemental reading: Card & Krueger 《神話與計量學：最低工資的新經濟學》 Card and Krueger Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage.	作業1發放 Problem set 1 (PDF) distributed


3	14.03課程數學工具的詳細介紹：不受限制的最適化、受限制的最適化、隱含功能定理、包絡定理、不受限及受限制的問題、雙重性。 Whistle-stop Tour of Mathematical Tools for 14.03: Unconstrained Optimization, Constrained Optimization, Implicit Function Theorem, Envelope Theorem for Unconstrained and Constrained Problems, Duality	Nicholson 《個體經濟學理論：基本原理及展論》第 2 章 Nicholson. Microeconomic Theory... Chap. 2. 補充閱讀： Supplemental reading : Binger and Hoffman《個體經濟學之微積分》，第2版，第1-3章 Binger and Hoffman. Microeconomics with Calculus. 2nd edition. Chaps. 1–3.


4	選擇與需求理論：理性原則，效用，無異曲線，受限制的效用最大化 Choice and the Theory of Demand: Rationality Axioms, Utility, Indifference Curves, Constrained Utility Maximization	Nicholson 《個體經濟學理論：基本原理及展論》第3，4章 Nicholson. Microeconomic Theory... Chap. 3 and 4.	繳交作業 1 Problem set 1 due


5	個人需求，所得與替代品作用 Individual Demand, Income and Substitution Effects	Nicholson 《個體經濟學理論：基本原理及展論》第5章 Nicholson. Microeconomic Theory... Chap. 5.	作業 2 (PDF) 發放 Problem set 2 (PDF) distributed


6	恩格爾定律。 Engel's Law 一般財，劣等財及季芬財。 Normal, Inferior and Giffen Goods 馬歇爾需求理論v.s. Hicksian需求。 Marshallian vs Hicksian Demand 顯著偏好的弱公理 The Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference	課堂討論閱讀資料： Reading for class discussion: Dwyer and Lindsey，〈羅伯特季芬與愛爾蘭馬鈴薯〉 Dwyer and Lindsey. "Robert Giffen and the Irish Potato."


7	消費者理論的應用：定額法 v.s. 以物易物，稅額與寬減額，以及稅制的變形影響，價格改變和消費過剩。 Applications of Consumer Theory: Lump-sum v. In-kind Transfers, Taxes and Rebates, and the Distortionary Effects of Taxation, Price Changes and Consumer Surplus	課堂討論閱讀資料： Reading for class discussion: Waldfogel，〈聖誕節的無謂損失〉 Waldfogel. "The Deadweight Loss of Christmas."	繳交作業 2 Problem set 2 due 作業 3 (PDF) 發放 Problem set 3 (PDF) distributed


8	物價指數：物品間的需求關聯：淨替代品與互補品，毛替代品與互補品 Price Indices: Demand Relationships Among Goods: Net Substitutes and Complements, Gross Substitutes and Complements	Nicholson 《個體經濟學理論：基本原理及展論》第6章 Nicholson. Microeconomic Theory... Chap. 6. Krugman，〈消費者物價指數與老鼠競賽〉 Krugman. "The CPI and the Rat Race." 課堂討論閱讀資料： Readings for class discussion: Boskin 等著，〈朝向更精準的生活成本計算〉於課堂中發放的報紙文章。 Boskin, et al. "Towards a More Accurate Measure of the Cost of Living." Newspaper article(s) to be distributed in class.


9	互補品及替代品 Complements and Substitutes	Nicholson 《個體經濟學理論：基本原理及展論》第 7 章 Nicholson. Microeconomic Theory... Chap. 7.	繳交作業 3 Problem set 3 due


10	第一次考試 First Exam


11	不確定性下的選擇，風險與風險規避，保險 (複習14.01課程的此部份) Choice Under Uncertainty, Risk and Risk Aversion, Insurance (Partial review from 14.01)	Nicholson 《個體經濟學理論：基本原理及展論》第8章 Nicholson. Microeconomic Theory... Chap. 8.


12	選擇理論的應用：墮胎的需求，墮胎限制對墮胎及出生率的影響 Application of Theory of Choice: Demand for Abortions, Effects of Abortion Restrictions on Abortions and Birth Rates	課堂討論閱讀資料： Readings for class discussion: Kane and Staiger〈少女媽媽與墮胎權〉 Kane and Staiger. "Teen Motherhood and Abortion Access."	作業 4 (PDF) 發放 Problem set 4 (PDF) distributed


13	繼續風險與選擇的討論：墮胎的需求，墮胎限制對墮胎及出生率的影響 Continuation of Risk and Choice: Demand for Abortions, Effects of Abortion Restrictions on Abortions and Birth Rates


14	價格與完全競爭 Prices and Perfect Competition	課堂討論閱讀資料： Reading for class discussion: Scherer，〈美國糖業計劃〉 Scherer. "The U.S. Sugar Program."	繳交作業 4 Problem set 4 due 作業 5 (PDF)發放 Problem set 5 (PDF) distributed


15	純粹交換經濟下的一般均衡 General Equilibrium in a Pure Exchange Economy	Nicholson 《個體經濟學理論：基本原理及展論》第16章及部份的17章 Nicholson. Microeconomic Theory... Chap. 16 and 17 (part).


16	一般均衡 (續) General Equilibrium (continued)	Krugman，〈自由貿易的酸果〉 Krugman. "A Raspberry for Free Trade." 課堂討論閱讀資料： Reading for class discussion: Krugman，〈競爭力：一種危險的迷思〉 Krugman. "Competitiveness: A Dangerous Obsession."


17	綜說一般均衡 General Equilibrium (wrap-up) 市場的限制(如果時間允許) Limits of the market (if time permits)	Nicholson 《個體經濟學理論：基本原理及展論》第24章 Nicholson. Microeconomic Theory... Chap. 24. 課堂討論閱讀資料： Reading for class discussion: Krugman，〈稅制改革迷思〉 Krugman. "The Tax Reform Obsession."	繳交作業5 Problem set 5 due


18	第二次考試 Second Exam


19	資訊經濟學 I：資訊有何不同？ Economics of Information I: Why is Information Different?	Nicholson 《個體經濟學理論：基本原理及展論》第9章 Nicholson. Microeconomic Theory... Chap. 9. Rothschild and Stiglitz. 〈競爭的保險市場的均衡：資訊經濟學論文〉 Rothschild and Siglitz. "Equilibrium in Competitive Insurance Markets: An Essay on the Economics of Information."


20	續談保險市場 Insurance Markets (continued)	課堂討論閱讀資料： Readings for class discussion: Altman，Cutler，and Zeckhauser〈反向的選擇與保留〉 Altman, Cutler, and Zeckhauser. "Adverse Selection and Adverse Retention."	作業 6 (PDF) 發放 Problem set 6 (PDF) distributed


21	資訊經濟學 II：檸檬市場：生產市場中的反向選擇 Economics of Information II: The Market for Lemons: Adverse Selection in Product Markets	課堂討論閱讀資料： Readings for class discussion: Akerlof，George A.〈檸檬市場：品質的不確定性與市場機制〉 Akerlof. "The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism."


22	資訊經濟學 III：人力資本與就業市場的信號傳遞 Economics of Information III: Human Capital and Job Market Signaling	Spence，〈就業市場的信號傳遞〉 Spence. "Job Market Signaling."	繳交作業 6 Problem set 6 due 作業 7 (PDF)發放 Problem set 7 (PDF) distributed


23	信號傳遞的應用：一般教育開發證書 Application of Signaling: The General Educational Development Certificate	課堂討論閱讀資料： Readings for class discussion: Tyler，Murnane，and Willet〈評價勞動市場中教育信號傳遞的顯著價值〉 Tyler, Murnane, and Willet. "Estimating the Labor Market Signaling Value of the GED."


24	賽局理論介紹 An Introduction to Game Theory	Nicholson 《個體經濟學理論：基本原理及展論》第10章 Nicholson. Microeconomic Theory... Chap. 10.	繳交作業 7 Problem set 7 due 作業 8 (PDF) 發放 Problem set 8 (PDF) distributed


25	續談賽局理論 Game Theory (continued)	Nicholson 《個體經濟學理論：基本原理及展論》第10章 Nicholson. Microeconomic Theory... Chap. 10.


26	資訊時代的網路外部化：網路外部化的模型 Network Externalities in the Information Age: A Model of Network Externalities	課堂討論閱讀資料： Readings for class discussion: Shapiro，and Varian. 〈資訊原則〉，第 7 章 Shapiro, and Varian. Information Rules. Chap. 7. David，Paul E.〈克萊奧女神與電腦鍵盤經濟學〉 David. "Clio and the Economics of QWERTY." Krugman，〈娛樂事業的價值〉 Krugman. "Entertainment Values."	繳交作業 8 Problem set 8 due 作業 9 發放 (不計分)[根據第一個檔案的說明，是八個作業中的一個不記分，而不是第九個不記分] Problem set 9 distributed (not for credit)


27	續談網路外部化 Network Externalities (continued) 價格區別及論述 Price Discrimination and Versioning	課堂討論閱讀資料： Reading for class: Shapiro，and Varian. 〈資訊原則〉，第3章 Shapiro and Varian. Information Rules. Chap. 3.