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本頁翻譯進度

燈號說明

審定：無
翻譯：羅嘉林(簡介並寄信)
編輯：朱學恒(簡介並寄信)
以下是習題的例子，依照主題排列。

辨識能力的實驗研究

  • 非脊椎動物的型態辨識能力
    1. 蜜蜂如何辨識形狀？
    2. 蜜蜂跟螞蟻如何使用他們的辨識能力辨識方位？
  • 非脊椎動物的型態辨識能力
    1. 章魚如何辨識形狀？
  • 模仿非脊椎動物的機器人之型態辨識能力

課堂報告

如何使機器人模仿昆蟲的辨識策略辨別方位？

  • 鳥類的型態辨識能力
    1. 鳥類能否辨識並分類複雜形狀/情境？
    2. 鳥類使用的是甚麼樣的辨識策略？
  • 鳥類的型態辨識能力
    1. 在鷹群中的個體辨識
    2. 小雞用以辨識母親額嘴的關鍵特徵
    3. 鴿子對莫內與畢卡索畫作的辨識能力
  • 人類的物體 辨識能力(心理物理學)
    1. 甚麼是人類辨識能力的關鍵特徵(速度、角度/方位依賴性、對原形的依賴…)？
  • 人類的物體辨識能力(心理物理學)

課堂報告

人類觀測者能否辨識出極度缺乏資訊的動作片段？

  • 靈長類的物體辨識能力(生理學)
    1. 大腦是否有關於辨識能力的特化區域？
    2. 2. 關於辨識能力與空間分析、大腦是否有不同的功能走向？
  • 靈長類的物體辨識能力(生理學)
    1. 功能造影實驗告訴我們哪些關於大腦辨識能力的機制？
  • 靈長類大腦受損後的物體辨識能力缺失
    1. 猴子的病變研究告訴我們哪些關於大腦辨識能力的機制？
    2. 視覺辨識不能症的基本特徵是甚麼?以及它們與受損現象之間的關聯？
  • 靈長類大腦受損後的物體辨識能力缺失

課堂報告

一個視覺辨識不能症的案例報告(「錯把太太當帽子的人」)

  • 超越對於單獨物體的辨識
    1. 人類如何辨識大型場景？
    2. 場景內容是否影響對於單獨物體的辨識？我們能不能將此場景的影響以模型形式化？
    3. 眼部動作在場景認知上扮演甚麼角色？
  • 超越對於單獨物體的辨識

課堂報告

場景如何對應成為記憶的一部分？-使用「變化-眼盲」範例的研究

  • 物體認知的發展
    1. 嬰兒能否將視覺世界解析為單獨的物體？
    2. 嬰兒如何以及何時獲得對於物體性質的認知？
  • 物體認知的發展

課堂報告

成年期恢復視覺的案例報告(「看而看不見」，Oliver Sacks)



關於辨識能力的計算性研究

  • 典型型態分類理論
    1. Baves決定性理論
    2. 監督下與非監督下的學習
  • 典型型態分類理論

課堂報告

統計性型態辨識的案例報告：用SAR影像在金星上尋找小火山的訓練工具

  • 物體辨識的計算性理論
    1. 基於3度空間物體模型的理論
    2. 基於2度空間影像模型的理論(對齊線方法;角度的線性綜合)
  • 物體辨識的計算性理論

課堂報告

  • 案例報告-基於3度空間模型與符號推理的Brook’s ACRONYM系統(譯註: Brook’s ACRONYM系統是一種基於固體模型的電腦視覺系統)
  • 物體辨識的計算性理論

課堂報告

使用線性物體模型作辨識

  • 影像與物體對應
    1. 如何決定影像與物體的對應特徵？
    2. 如何將影像分解為物體，物體分解為元件？
  • 影像與物體對應

課堂報告

基於顯著性計算的分割

  • 物體辨識的網路模型
    1. 辨識的前饋模型(Fukushima, RBFs)
    2. 辨識的回饋模型(Ullman)
  • 物體辨識的網路模型

課堂報告

特殊的關於辨識的網路模型 - Mumford's scheme

  • 人工辨識計畫的著名案例研究
    1. 第一個人工辨識系統(Roberts)
    2. 直方圖辨識系統 (Swain and Ballard)


臉孔辨識

  • 臉孔辨識 vs. 一般物體辨識
    臉孔是否特殊？(從生理學、神經生理學、心理物理學、影像與發育研究來的證據)
  • 臉孔辨識 vs. 一般物體辨識

課堂報告

臉孔是否特殊？犬類專家的心理物理學與影像研究

  • 臉孔辨識研究
    1. 臉孔辨識是基於特徵或是整體？
    2. 臉孔中顯著的形狀與表面信號是甚麼？
  • 臉孔辨識研究

課堂報告

關於臉孔辨識步驟，臉部的諷刺畫可以告訴我們甚麼？

  • 從社會的角度看臉孔辨識
    我們如何感知臉部表情、注視的方向、與審美觀？
  • 從社會的角度看臉孔辨識

課堂報告

嬰兒是否偏好具吸引力的臉孔？

  • 臉孔辨識的心理　-　法醫學觀點
    1. 臉孔辨識研究的法醫學應用有哪些？
    2. 人可否經過訓練增強對臉孔的辨識能力？
  • 臉孔辨識的心理　-　法醫學觀點

課堂報告

  1. 臉部綜合特徵創造系統有哪些？
  2. 它們能否藉由研究結果改良？
  • 臉孔辨識的心理-法醫學觀點
  • 由當地一位警方藝術家示範Identikit系統
  • 應用臉孔辨識系統
    檢示幾項著名的系統：
    1. Turk's Eigenface 系統
    2. Von der Marlsburg's 圖形系統
    3. Beymer's 模板系統
  • 應用臉孔辨識系統
    其他生物統計系統：
    1. 虹膜辨識
    2. 視網膜辨識
    3. 紅外線的臉孔辨識
    4. 耳朵辨識


綜合與開放性議題

  • 連結辨識與認知之間的鴻溝
    1. 辨識能否影響早期認知？ – 歷史性概念
    2. 是否有任何實驗證據支持這個概念？
  • 綜合
    1. 不同感應模組可能分享相同的辨識策略嗎？
    2. 辨識領域的關鍵性開放議題是甚麼？
  • 麻省理工學院的物體辨識研究
    BCS與AI實驗室裡，高階視覺研究的機會有哪些？(譯註：BCS=Business Computing Systems，商業運算系統、AI=Artificial Intelligence，人工智慧)


These are example study questions arranged by topic.

Experimental Studies of Recognition

  • Pattern recognition by invertebrates
    1. How do honey bees recognize shapes?
    2. How do bees and ants use their recognition abilities to navigate?
  • Pattern recognition by invertebrates
    1. How do octopii recognize shapes?
  • Pattern recognition by robots modeled on invertebrates

Student Presentation

How can we enable a robot to navigate based on insect recognition strategies?

  • Pattern recognition by birds
    1. Can birds recognize and categorize complex shapes/scenes?
    2. What recognition strategies do birds use?
  • Pattern recognition by birds
    1. Recognition of individuals in a gull colony
    2. Recognition by chicks of mother's beak via key-signs
    3. Pigeons' recognition of Monet and Picasso paintings
  • Object recognition by humans (psychophysics)
    1. What are the key characteristics of human recognition performance (speed, view-point/orientation dependency, reliance on prototypes…)?
  • Object recognition by humans (psychophysics)

Student Presentation

Can human observers recognize highly impoverished motion sequences?

  • Object recognition by primates (physiology)
    1. Does the brain have areas specialized for recognition?
    2. Are there different functional streams in the brain for recognition and spatial analysis?
  • Object recognition by primates (physiology)
    1. What have functional imaging studies told us about brain Mechanisms of recognition?
  • Object recognition deficits following brain damage in primates
    1. What have lesion studies in monkeys told us about brain mechanisms of recognition?
    2. What are the basic characteristics of visual agnosias and how are they correlated with the nature of damage?
  • Object recognition deficits following brain damage in primates

Student Presentation

A case study of visual agnosia ('The man who mistook his wife for a hat')

  • Beyond individual object recognition
    1. How do humans recognize large scenes?
    2. Does scene-context influence individual object recognition? Can we formalize a model of contextual influences?
    3. What is the role of eye- movements in scene perception?
  • Beyond individual object recognition

Student Presentation

How are scenes encoded in memory? - studies using the 'change-blindness' paradigm

  • Development of object perception
    1. Can babies parse the visual world into objects?
    2. How and when do babies acquire knowledge of object properties?
  • Development of object perception

Student Presentation

Case study of sight recovery in adulthood ("To see and not see," Oliver Sacks)



Computational Studies of Recognition

  • Classical pattern classification theory
    1. Bayes decision theory
    2. Supervised and unsupervised learning
  • Classical pattern classification theory

Student Presentation

Case study of statistical pattern classification: A trainable tool for finding small volcanoes in SAR Imagery of Venus

  • Computational theories of object recognition
    1. Theories based on 3D object models
    2. Theories based on 2D image models (alignment approach; linear combination of views)
  • Computational theories of object recognition

Student Presentation

  • Case study- Brook's ACRONYM system of recognition based on 3D models and symbolic reasoning
  • Computational theories of object recognition

Student Presentation

Using linear object models for recognition

  • Image and model correspondence
    1. How can we determine the matching features in images and models?
    2. How can we segment images into objects and objects into parts?
  • Image and model correspondence

Student Presentation

Segmentation via saliency computations

  • Network models of object recognition
    1. Feedforward models of recognition (Fukushima, RBFs)
    2. Feedback models of recognition (Ullman)
  • Network models of object recognition

Student Presentation

A particular network model of recognition - Mumford's scheme

  • Notable case studies of artificial recognition schemes
    1. The first artificial recognition system (Roberts)
    2. Histogram based recognition (Swain and Ballard)


Face Recognition

  • Face recognition vs. general object recognition
    Are faces special? (Evidence from physiology, neuropsychology, Psychophysics, imaging and developmental studies)
  • Face recognition vs. general object recognition

Student Presentation

Are faces special? Psychophysics and imaging with dog experts

  • Face recognition studies
    1. Is face recognition feature-based or holistic?
    2. What are the salient shape and surface cues in a face?
  • Face recognition studies

Student Presentation

What can facial caricatures tell us about face recognition processes?

  • Social aspects of face recognition
    How do we perceive facial affect, gaze direction, and aesthetics?
  • Social aspects of face recognition

Student Presentation

Do babies prefer attractive faces?

  • Psycho- forensic aspects of face recognition
    1. What are the forensic applications of facial recognition research?
    2. Can people be trained to be better encoders of faces?
  • Psycho- forensic aspects of face recognition

Student Presentation

  1. What are the current facial composite creation systems?
  2. Can they be improved based on research results?
  • Psycho- forensic aspects of face recognition
  • A demonstration of the IdentiKit system by a local police artist
  • Implemented systems for face recognition
    An examination of a few notable systems:
    1. Turk's Eigenface based system
    2. Von der Marlsburg's graph based system
    3. Beymer's template based system
  • Implemented systems for face recognition
    Other biometric systems:
    1. Iris recognition
    2. Retina recognition
    3. Face recognition in IR
    4. Ear recognition


Synthesis and Open Issues

  • Closing the loop between recognition and perception
    1. Can recognition influence early perception? - historical ideas
    2. Is there any experimental evidence to support this idea?
  • Grand synthesis
    1. Might different sensory modalities share similar recognition strategies?
    2. What are the key open questions in the area of recognition?
  • Object recognition research at MIT
    What are the opportunities for research in high-level vision in BCS and the AI lab?



 
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