學期內，學生根據分派的閱讀材料需要完成兩個課堂演講

Students make two class presentations during semester, based on the assigned readings.

小型研究計畫和演講
Mini-Proposal and Presentation

學生需要寫5頁紙的關於如何開展實驗的小型研究計畫，既可以是檢驗新理論的，也可以是駁斥舊有已被認可的範例。

Students write a 5-page mini-proposal on how to perform an experiment to either test a new theory or disprove an old, accepted paradigm.

在課堂上介紹研究計畫。學生必須準備對其思路進行辯護，並對為何他們的方法可以工作開展討論。

The proposals are presented in class. Students must be prepared to defend their ideas and make an argument for why they think their approach would work.