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翻譯:李薇薇(簡介並寄信)
編輯:陳玉侖(簡介並寄信)

描述

這門腦與認知學研究生課程中的核心課程,每一單元都包含該研究領域中傑出研究者的系列介紹講座,還有主要的研究論文作為補充,幫助同學複習理解。藉由全面性的介紹本領域的發展現狀,同時強調批判的思考,課程 9.012的目的在於培養同學,在成為一名認知科學專家的過程,有一個振奮、迅速的開端。

必備先修課程:9.011,腦與認知學I

課程要求

期中考試
期末考試
根據下面的主題,作兩次課堂報告:

報告和討論主題與閱讀資料
認知科學的基礎

報告與討論的論文:

Daly,M. & Wilson,M. 1999,《灰姑娘的真相》耶魯大學出版社。

Klein, 等人. 2000,〈在視覺精神的形象化描述過程中,人類Calcatrine皮質的短時作用〉,《神經系統科學期刊》,12,15-23。

Bouchard, T. J., Jr. 1994.〈基因,環境,個性〉,《科學》. 264, 1700-1701.

計算性視覺

報告與討論的論文:

Sinha,P. and Poggio,T. (2000),〈早期感知任務的高等學習〉,見於Manfred Fahle所編的《感知性學習》麻省理工學院出版社,劍橋,麻州。(複印中)

Williams, SM, McCoy AN, Purves D (1998) 〈聰明的實証解釋〉《美國國家科學院論文集》 95: 13301-13306.

Lotto, RB, Purves D (1999) 〈顏色對於聰明的影響〉,見於《自然認知科學》 2: 1010-1014.

Purves D, Lotto R B, Williams SM, Nundy S, and Yang, Z (2000)〈隨心所欲看世界:全然以視覺實証策略的發現〉《英國皇家科學會哲學會報》(複印中)

物體識別的認知神經科學

報告和討論的論文;

對於一名患有視覺識別物體和閱讀障礙、但面容辨識正常患者的十九項實驗〉,《認知神經科學期刊》,9,555-604。

Logothetis, N.K.; Pauls, J. (1995),〈靈長類動物的以觀察者為中心的物體表現的心理物理力學與生理學的證據〉《大腦皮質》 5, 270-88.

Ullman, S. & Soloviev, S. (1999). "〈類腦結構中模式不變性的計算〉《神經網路》,12 1021-1036.

Grill-Spector, K; Kushnir, T; Edelman, S; Avidan, G; Itzchak, Y.; and Malach, R. (1999),〈在不同視角下對人類枕骨側面的微分處理〉《神經》,24 (1) 187-203.

資訊處理過程和能力限制

報告和討論的論文:

Sternberg, S. (1969),〈處理階段的發現:Donders法的延伸〉,見於W. G. Koster編著的《注意和表現II》 ,(pp. 276-315),Amsterdam: Elsevier

Treisman, A. (1993),〈特徵和物體的理解〉,見於A. Baddeley & L. Weiskrantz 編輯的《注意,選擇,意識和控制》,(pp. 5-35),牛津:Clarendon出版社。

Potter, M.C. (1975),〈視覺搜尋的意義〉《科學》,187,965-966。

Kanwisher, N, & Wojciulik, E. (2000),〈視覺注意:來自大腦影像的洞察力〉《自然評論:神經科學》,91-100。

工作記憶和注意

報告和討論的論文:

Rainer G, Rao SC, Miller EK (1999),〈在靈長動物額葉前部大腦皮質中物體的預期編碼〉《神經科學期刊》 ,19,5493-5505.

Tomita H, Ohbayashi M, Nakahara K, Hasegawa I, Miyashita Y (1999),〈記憶恢復的執行控制中來自額葉前部大腦皮質由上而下的訊息〉《自然》, 401 (6754),699-703。

Eldridge LL, Knowlton BJ, Furmanski CS, Bookheimer SY, Engel SA (2000). "〈記憶情節:在記憶恢復過程中海馬回的選擇性角色〉《自然神經科學》3,1149-1152。

Kirchhoff BA, Wagner AD, Maril A, Stern CE (2000). "情節編碼和後續記憶的額葉前部和顳葉的迴路〉《神經系統科學期刊》20,6173-6180。

Wagner AD, Maril A, Schacter DL (2000). "〈記憶體中的交互作用:當刺激妨礙了新知識學習時〉《感知神經系統科學期刊》,12:S2,52-60

相似,類比,分類,語言和思考

報告和討論的論文:

Landauer, T. K., and S.T. Dumais,〈解決柏拉圖問題:知識的掌握、歸納和表述的潛在語義分析理論〉,《心理評論》 104,(1997): 211-240。

Ramscar, M.J.A,〈Wittgenstein和心理分類表述〉《相似和分類:SimCat 97》,愛丁堡大學人工智慧學系。1997, 205-11。

怎樣從語言發展的能力模式中分辨處理過程

報告和討論的論文:

Hyams, Nina and Wexler, Ken. 1993,〈兒童語言中,無效主題的語法基礎〉《語言探索》,vol. 24 (3), 421-459。

Bloom, Paul. 1990,〈兒童語言中的無主詞句子〉《語言探索》,vol. 21 (4),491-504。



Description
Each module of the course involves a series of overview lectures by a leading researcher in the field, complemented by recitation opportunities on primary research papers for students. By offering a thorough introduction to the current status of the discipline while emphasizing critical thinking, 9.012 aims to prepare students for an exciting and rapid beginning to their contributions as cognitive scientists.

Prerequisites: 9.011, The Brain and Cognitive Sciences I

Course Requirements

Midterm exam
Final exam
Two class presentations, based on the topics listed below.

Presentation and Discussion Topics and Readings
Foundations of Cognitive Science

Papers for presentation and discussion:

Daly, M. & Wilson, M. 1999. The truth about Cinderella. Yale University Press.

Klein, et al. 2000. "Transient Activity in the Human Calcatrine Cortex During Visual Mental Imagery: An event-Related fMRI Study." J Cog Neuroscience, 12, 15-23.

Bouchard, T. J., Jr. 1994. "Genes, environment, personality." Science, 264, 1700-1701.

Computational Vision

Papers for presentation and discussion:

Sinha, P. and Poggio, T. (2000) High-level learning of early perceptual tasks. Perceptual Learning, Ed. Manfred Fahle, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. (In press)

Williams, SM, McCoy AN, Purves D (1998) "An empirical explanation of brightness." Proc Natl Acad Sci 95: 13301-13306.

Lotto, RB, Purves D (1999) "The effects of color on brightness." Nature Neurosci 2: 1010-1014.

Purves D, Lotto R B, Williams SM, Nundy S, and Yang, Z (2000) "Why we see things the way we do: Evidence for a wholly empirical strategy of vision." Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc (In press).

Cognitive Neuroscience of Object Recognition

Papers for presentation and discussion:

Moscovitch, M., Winocur, G., Behrmann, M. (1997). "What is special about face recognition? Nineteen experiments on a person with visual object agnosia and dyslexia but normal face recognition." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 9, 555-604.

Logothetis, N.K.; Pauls, J. (1995). "Psychophysical and physiological evidence for viewer-centered object representations in the primate." Cereb Cortex 5, 270-88.

Ullman, S. & Soloviev, S. (1999). "Computation of pattern invariance in brain-like structures." Neural Networks 12, 1021-1036.

Grill-Spector, K; Kushnir, T; Edelman, S; Avidan, G; Itzchak, Y.; and Malach, R. (1999). "Differential Processing of Objects under Various Viewing Conditions in the Human Lateral Occipital Complex." Neuron, 24 (1) 187-203.

Information Processing and Capacity Limits

Papers for presentation and discussion:

Sternberg, S. (1969). The discovery of processing stages: Extensions of Donders' method. In W. G. Koster (Ed.) Attention and Performance II (pp. 276-315). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Treisman, A. (1993). The perception of features and objects. In A. Baddeley & L. Weiskrantz (Eds.), Attention: Selection, awareness, and control (pp. 5-35). Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Potter, M.C. (1975). "Meaning in visual search." Science, 187, 965-966.

Kanwisher, N, & Wojciulik, E. (2000). "Visual attention: Insights from brain imaging." Nature Reviews: Neuroscience, 1, 91-100.

Working Memory & Attention

Papers for presentation and discussion:

Rainer G, Rao SC, Miller EK (1999). "Prospective coding for objects in the primate prefrontal cortex." Journal of Neuroscience 19, 5493-5505.

Tomita H, Ohbayashi M, Nakahara K, Hasegawa I, Miyashita Y (1999). "Top-down signal from prefrontal cortex in executive control of memory retrieval." Nature 401 (6754), 699-703.

Eldridge LL, Knowlton BJ, Furmanski CS, Bookheimer SY, Engel SA (2000). "Remembering episodes: a selective role for the hippocampus during retrieval." Nature Neuroscience, 3, 1149-1152.

Kirchhoff BA, Wagner AD, Maril A, Stern CE (2000). "Prefrontal-temporal circuitry for episodic encoding and subsequent memory." Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 6173-6180.

Wagner AD, Maril A, Schacter DL (2000). "Interactions between forms of memory: When priming hinders new learning." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12:S2, 52-60

Similarity, Analogy, Categorization, Language, and Thought

Papers for presentation and discussion:

Landauer, T. K., and S.T. Dumais. "A solution to Plato's problem: The Latent Semantic Analysis theory of the acquisition, induction, and representation of knowledge." In Psychological Review 104, (1997): 211-240.

Ramscar, M.J.A. "Wittgenstein and the representation of psychological categories." In Similarity andcategorisation: SimCat 97, Dept of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh. 1997, 205-11.

How to Distinguish Processing from Competence Models of Language Development

Papers for presentation and discussion:

Hyams, Nina and Wexler, Ken. 1993. "On the Grammatical Basis of Null Subjects in Child Language." Linguistic Inquiry, vol. 24 (3), 421-459.

Bloom, Paul. 1990. "Subjectless Sentences in Child Language." Linguistic Inquiry, vol. 21 (4), 491-504.