380.726.81 免疫計劃的問題解決(Problem Solving for Immunization Programs)

本頁翻譯進度 燈號說明

審定：無 翻譯：廖想(簡介並寄信) 編輯：方珮維(簡介並寄信)

課程描述

全世界所有的國家 – 即使是那些處於戰火中的國家 – 都在合作保護5歲以下的兒童不死於那些可以用疫苗預防的疾病。經過20多年的努力，全球的疫苗覆蓋率已經超過了80%，小兒麻痺症也即將成為第2種被消滅的傳染病。在美國,疫苗的覆蓋率更高，可以用疫苗來預防的疾病也已經罕見。雖然從來沒有那麼多的資源被用於預防接種，但仍然存在著不少問題。已經開發出來的高效疫苗並沒有被用在大多數孩子身上。更令人憂心的是，由於種種原因，目前的高預防接種率有可能無法繼續保持。

本課程的內容包括預防接種的基礎，涉及到相關的公共衛生學、社會學以及經濟學文獻的綜述，和用一種標準化的解決問題的方法來識別和分析常見的問題。課題包括在已開發和開發中國家中疫苗運輸的策略、專案的管理和監督、流行病監測、社區的參與和疾病的根除。學生還將使用美國疾病管制中心的CASA軟體來分析實際的預防接種資料。針對預防接種專案管理者和政策制訂者們經常會碰到的一些問題，在完成本課程後，你將學會使用必要的工具或軟體來找出和闡述具有創新性的解決方案。

Countries around the world - even those at war - are collaborating to ensure that children under the age of five don't die from diseases for which vaccines are available. In the past twenty years, global vaccine coverage has surpassed eighty percent, and a second disease, polio, is nearly eradicated. In the United States, coverage rates are even higher, and vaccine-preventible diseases are now rare. Never have so many resources been focused on immunization - yet problems remain. Additional, highly effective vaccines have been developed but still do not reach the majority of children. More worrisome, currently high immunization rates may be unsustainable for a number of reasons.

This material will cover immunization basics and survey the public health, sociological, and economic literature, identifying and analyzing common problems using a standard problem-solving approach. Topics will span developed and developing countries and will include vaccine-delivery strategies, program management and supervision, epidemiological surveillance, community participation, and disease eradication. Students will analyze actual vaccination data using the U.S. Center for Disease Control's CASA software program. Once you've completed the course, you should have gained the necessary tools to identify and formulate innovative solutions to common problems faced by immunization program managers and policymakers.