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本頁翻譯進度 燈號說明

審定：無 翻譯：余偉綸(簡介並寄信) 編輯：陳玉侖(簡介並寄信)

課程描述

公共衛生中的統計數據推論II，藉由上課、實習和佈告欄討論的方式，介紹我們所挑選的關於生物統計概念方面的重點主題。這堂課是建立在公共衛生中的統計數據推論I的教學內容之上，將上門課所討論及的統計程序，經由複迴歸模式延伸到多變量的領域。新的主體，像是臨床診斷測試的方法，和存活分析的單變量、雙變量和多變量的技術也將會涵蓋在其中。這些主題將會補充許多「真實」的例子，取自最近的生物醫學文獻。雖然在這堂課中會有一些方程式和計算的原理，重點還是會放在解釋和觀念上。

課程宗旨

當課程圓滿結束後，你將可以達到下列的目標：

• 認識不同的研究設計和了解每樣的優點和缺點。
• 學習隨機指派實驗對象到兩個群體的方法。
• 了解干擾作用和統計上的交互作用之概念；並且知道如何識別每個交互作用。
• 解釋檢定力和樣本數之間的關係；使用Stata（統計軟體）來執行樣本數的計算。
• 製作散佈圖以直觀地評價兩個連續變數之間相關性的特質。
• 詮釋相關係數與決定係數等計算而得的數值，和了解這兩種相關性測量的關聯。
• 使用Stata執行簡單的線性迴歸和使用結果來評估一個連續的結果變項（依變項）和一個連續的預測變項（自變項）之間關連的強度和顯著性，和求得結果變項的預測數值。
• 了解為何複迴歸允許在有干擾變數的情況下，分析單一結果和預測變項的關聯性。
• 使用Stata執行複線性迴歸和使用結果來評估一個連續的結果變項和多個連續和類別的預測變項之間關連的強度和顯著性，和求得結果變項的預測數值。
• 使用Stata執行多元邏輯迴歸和使用結果來評估一個二元的結果變項和多個連續和類別的預測變項之間關連的強度和顯著性。
• 解釋比例風險迴歸模型的結果。

相關閱讀資料

這次課程所需的教科書如下所列：

• Altman, D.G. (1991). 《醫學研究的實用統計》(Practical Statistics for Medical Research)：Chapman and Hall（出版社）

學生還必須要使用「小Stata」，比起正規的「Intercooled Stata」版本，「小Stata」版本在使用上有所受限（指能儲存和處理的資料數量有限，功能性並不受限），但價格較為便宜。小Stata有一年的使用許可。然而如果你想要進一步研讀比此門課更深入的統計學，你也許需要購買正規的「Intercooled Stata」第八版。

你可以由此網站購買這些相關的教材 馬太醫學書籍中心(Matthews Medical Book Center).

課程主題

• 研究設計的探討
• 相關和簡單線性迴歸
• 複線性迴歸
• 多元邏輯迴歸
• 存活性分析設限資料的導論
• 使用Kaplan-Meier分析法來建立存活曲線
• 利用Cox比例風險迴歸來進行多元存活性分析

課程編排

這個課程的內容劃分為四個不同的單元，所有需要的課程資料可以從「課程單元」介紹頁中取得。此堂課的課程段落是依序編排且會按照次序來完成，這些每一個課程段落都包含了聲音檔和投影片--就像是到課堂上課一樣。你可以隨時回到之前任何一個課程段落，且依自己的方便複習以前的內容。在此堂課的每個課程段落，都會有課程目標的列表、授課教材的連結、相關閱讀資料的清單和網路資源的連結。

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Course Description

Statistical Reasoning in Public Health II provides an introduction to selected important topics in biostatistical concepts and reasoning through lectures, exercises, and bulletin board discussions. The course builds on the material in Statistical Reasoning in Public Health I , extending the statistical procedures discussed in that course to the multivariate realm, via multiple regression methods. New topics, such as methods for clinical diagnostic testing, and univariate, bivariate, and multivariate techniques for survival analysis will also be covered. These topics will be reinforced with many "real-life" examples drawn from recent biomedical literature. While there are some formulae and computational elements to the course, the emphasis is again on interpretation and concepts.

Course Objectives

After completion of this course, you will be able to do the following:

• Recognize different study designs and understand the pros and cons of each.
• Learn methods for randomly assigning subjects to two groups.
• Understand the concepts of confounding and statistical interaction; know how to recognize each.
• Explain the relationship between power and sample size; use Stata to perform sample size calculations.
• Create a scatterplot to visually assess the nature of an association between two continuous variables.
• Interpret the calculated values of the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination, and understand the relationship between these two measures of association.
• Perform a simple linear regression using Stata and use the results to assess the magnitude and significance of the relationship between a continuous outcome variable and a continuous predictor variable and for predicting values of the outcome variable.
• Understand why multiple regression techniques allow for the analysis of the relationship between an outcome and a predictor in the presence of confounding variables.
• Perform a multiple linear regression using Stata and use the results to assess the magnitude and significance of the relationship between a continuous outcome variable and multiple continuous and categorical predictor variables and for predicting values of the outcome variable.
• Perform a multiple logistic regression using Stata and use the results to assess the magnitude and significance of the relationship between a dichotomous outcome variable and multiple continuous and categorical predictor variables.
• Interpret the results from a proportional hazards regression model.

Readings

The required textbook for this course is as follows:

• Altman, D.G. (1991). Practical Statistics for Medical Research: Chapman and Hall.

Students are also required to have access to "Small Stata," a version of Stata that is less powerful (in terms of the amount of data it can store and process, not in terms of functionality) than regular "Intercooled Stata," and costs significantly less. Small Stata carries a one-year users license. However, if you intend to further your study of statistics beyond this course, you may wish to purchase a copy of "Intercooled Stata 8."

You may purchase any of these materials from Matthews Medical Book Center .

Course Topics

• Issues in study design
• Correlation and simple linear regression
• Multiple linear regression
• Multiple logistic regression
• Introduction to censored survival data
• The Kaplan-Meier method for constructing survival curves
• Multivaritate survival analyis vis Cox proportional hazards regression

Course Format

The content of this course is divided into four separate modules. All the required course work can be accessed from the Course Modules page. The lecture sections are presented sequentially and should be completed in that order. Each of these sections combines audio presentation and slides - just like attending lectures in class. You may return to any previous section at any point and review its contents at your convenience. In each lecture section, you will find a listing of the section objectives, links to the lecture materials, a listing of reading assignments, and links to Web resources.