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【In
a Grain of Sand】－ 學習的自由化 Triatno Yudo Harjoko，印尼
自美國麻省理工學院宣佈啟動開放式課程計劃（OpenCourseWare），正式將其校內教學資源公開與全世界分享之後，這項無私的創舉所引起了種種的效應，首先就是對於當前全世界的高等教育帶來極大的衝擊，越來越多世界級的傑出大學紛紛響應，使之儼然成為一種「運動」；在全世界許多高等教育管理者還在思考開放式課程運動的衝擊之時，高等教育的教育者們發出的是肯定認同之聲，並紛紛表達對麻省理工學院這項創舉的感謝，這些聲音來自全世界各個角落，是漣漪、是迴響，更是人類文明往前邁進的腳步聲…。佛陀說：「一沙一世界」，William
Blake也寫道：「To see a world in a grain of sand…」，我們要從這些來自世界各地的小故事中，來看這個世界正在如何地改變，以下即是來自麻省理工學院尚未公開的第一手資訊：
educator,
east asia
教育家，東亞
Triatno Yudo Harjoko
Depok, Indonesia
印尼，迪玻克
迪玻克印尼大學（University of Indonesia）校友和建築系教授。目前是建築系主任。設計了大學校園的幾座建築物，包括大學清真寺（University
Mosque）。
USE
• Utilizing OCW syllabus and pedagogical models to help redesign
the learning process to a more student-centered process
– ”…encouraging students to learn by themselves, and to be both
critical and creative.”
– “We try to understand how the MIT courses are formulated and
what the expected outcomes are. This gives us an important perspective
on the learning process.”
使用
�� 使用開放式課程計畫（OCW）中的教學課程表和教學方法來幫助重新設計課程，使之成為一個更以學生為中心的學習過程。
－ 「．．．鼓勵學生自己學習，並且變得更加具有批判性思考及更有創意。」
－ 「我們試著了解麻省理工學院課程是如何被規劃的，和預期的結果是什麼。這給予我們一個學習過程上重要的展望。」
IMPACT
• “I was surprised that such a renowned university as MIT would
freely give access to almost all of its educational information
to the world. This is important, because critical thinking and
creativity demand the liberalization of learning and information.
But I also believe that it’s not simply the information that’s
valuable, but also the glimpse it offers into how MIT has structured
its teaching and research to become such a prestigious institution.”
影響
�� 「我很意外和驚訝像麻省理工學院這麼有聲望的大學竟會免費釋出其幾乎所有的教育資訊管道給全世界。這是非常重要的，因為批判性的思考與創意需要學習與資訊的自由化。但是我也相信不只資訊本身是有價值的，它並且能夠窺見麻省理工學院如何架構其教學與研究來成為如此有名望的學術機構。」
The Liberation of Learning
學習的自由化
Triatno Yudo Harjoko，印尼大學，迪玻克
Triatno Yudo Harjoko has a long and close
association with the University of Indonesia in Depok, Indonesia.
A graduate of the institution, Harjoko has also been a professor
of architecture at the school since 1979, and is currently head
of the architecture department. In addition, Harjoko has designed
several of the university’s buildings, including the expansive
Faculty of Engineering complex, and the stunning University
Mosque.
Triatno Yudo Harjoko和位於印尼迪玻克的印尼大學有長久密切的關聯。畢業於此學院，自一九七九年起Harjoko也開始擔任該校建築系的教授，目前是建築系主任。此外，Harjoko設計了該大學的幾座建築物，包括廣闊的工學院教職員綜合設施和令人絕倒的大學清真寺（University
Mosque）。
Harjoko characterizes the learning atmosphere
at the University of Indonesia as primarily a one-way street,
in which professors are assumed to be knowledge-bearers, and
students are expected to master a predetermined knowledge base.
This approach, while typical of many Indonesian institutions,
is something that Harjoko has been attempting to change in his
department. Together with his colleagues, Harjoko is redesigning
the teaching model, moving toward an active, student-centered
learning process. Harjoko describes the main goal in this transition
as “encouraging students to learn by themselves, and to be both
critical and creative.”
Harjoko描繪在印尼大學中的學習氣氛特性像是是一條單行道，在大學裡教授被認為是知識挑夫，而學生被期望去熟稔預定好的知識基礎。雖然這是許多印尼學校機構的典型做法，卻是Harjoko一直試圖在他的系上去做改變的事；Harjoko正在和他的同僚一起重新設計教學模式，將其調整為一個更加主動且以學生為中心的學習過程。Harjoko表示這樣的轉變主要的目的是為了「鼓勵學生自己主動學習，並且能夠兼具批判性思考以及創意。」
In the redesign process, MIT’s OpenCourseWare—to
which Harjoko was introduced by a colleague several years ago—
has served as an immense comparative database for Harjoko and
his fellow professors. Rather than directly transposing OCW
syllabi to University of Indonesia courses, Harjoko and his
colleagues have been scrutinizing MIT’s courses to better understand
how they were designed and developed. “We try to understand
how the MIT courses are formulated,” Harjoko explains, “and
what the expected outcomes are. This gives us an important perspective
on the learning process.” Two courses for which this approach
has been particularly helpful, he adds, are architectural theory
and structure.
在重新設計的過程當中，麻省理工學院的「開放式課程計畫」（MIT OCW）-- 數年前由一位同僚介紹給Harjoko
-- 成為Harjoko和他的同工教授一個絕佳的比較性資料庫。與其直接轉移OCW教學課程表到印尼大學的課程上，Harjoko和他的同僚寧願更加詳細地研討麻省理工學院的課程是如何被設計和發展的。Harjoko解釋道：「我們試著了解麻省理工學院課程是如何被規劃形成的，以及其預期的成果是什麼；這個在學習過程上給了我們一個重要的觀點。」他並補充說，這個做法對於建築理論和建築結構兩個課程特別有幫助。
“I was surprised and amazed that such a renowned
university as MIT would freely give access to almost all of
its educational information to the world,” continues Harjoko.
“This is important, because critical thinking and creativity
demand the liberalization of learning and information. But I
also believe that it’s not simply the information that’s valuable,
but also the glimpse it offers into how MIT has structured its
teaching and research to become such a prestigious institution.”
Harjoko繼續說:「我很意外和驚訝像麻省理工學院這麼有聲望的大學竟會免費釋出幾乎所有的教育資訊管道給全世界。這是很重要的，因為批判性思考與創意需要學習和資訊的自由化。但是我也相信不只資訊本身是有價值的，它並且能夠窺見麻省理工學院如何架構其教學與研究來成為如此有名望的學術機構。」
【翻譯：胡懿琴 / 編輯：侯嘉玨】
※ 感謝麻省理工學院提供以上資料與圖片 / Image and content courtesy of MIT
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