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德高望重的O’Malley主教,Leahy神父兼校長,Monan神父,Devino神父,全體教職員,獲得榮譽學位的同伴,各位家長、兄弟姐妹,以及傑出的2014年畢業生,恭喜在座所有人。你知道,當我聽見關於阿富汗與伊朗的介紹時十分擔心,但現在我擔心的是Challenger在哪裡。知道波士頓學院釋放那隻老鷹後,我就準備離開。很榮幸與你們共聚一堂。你們或許記得英語課中偉大美國小說家Thomas Wolfe所寫的:「你們再也不能回家。」也許你知道這句話,是因為父母現在正在對你說同樣的話。好,顯然Wolfe不曾來過波士頓學院。順利下飛機是好事,但朋友們,回家是最棒的事。
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Your Eminence Cardinal O’Malley, Father President Leahy, Father Monan, Father Devino, members of the faculty, my fellow recipients of honorary degrees, parents, siblings, and the distinguished class of 2014: Congratulations to everybody here today. You know I thought I had a lot to worry about as I was listening to the introduction, between Afghanistan and Iran and so forth. But now I’m worried about where Challenger is. (Laughter.) I will leave here knowing that Boston College liberates eagles. (Laughter.)
It’s a great honor to be with you. You all might remember from English class that the great American novelist Thomas Wolfe wrote that you can’t go home again. Or maybe you know that quote because it’s the same thing that your parents are telling you now. (Laughter.) Well, Wolfe had obviously never been to Boston College. It is nice to be off an airplane, but my friends, it is great to be home.
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十分高興來到這裡,我知道許多人徹夜不眠,只為了看見在波士頓學院最後一天的日出,有人認為它永遠不會來,畢業典禮也是。我爆點料給你們:有些父母和教授可不這麼想。我注意到很多人都戴著墨鏡,這是沒用的,老兄,我還是聽得見你們的鼾聲。我昨天在你們位於紐黑文的競爭對手的校園中,當我告訴他們說,他們可以為去年獲得的男子曲棍球冠軍感到自豪時,我同時想到:耶魯獲得的冠軍仍比波士頓學院少四次。事實上耶魯和波士頓學院有許多共同點,但其中最顯著的一點或許是:都不喜歡哈佛大學。但平心而論,多數學校都不太喜歡哈佛。身為美國國務卿,我追蹤世上許多陣營和競爭對手,波士頓和聖母大學在我的名單中名列前茅。當然,還有亞歷.鮑德溫和NYPD(紐約警局),碧昂絲姐妹和Jay Z。然後是競爭對手:紅襪隊和洋基隊。我們當然喜歡近十年的戰績,洋基隊-一個世界大滿貫﹔紅襪隊-三個世界大滿貫。這就是我所謂的競爭對手。今天波士頓學院讓我們知道競爭對手是可以征服的,你們今天賦予一位聖十字校友榮耀-偉大的Bob Cousy。如你們在之前的榮譽學位得主介紹中聽過,他在本校擔任教練期間贏得117場賽事。他已85高齡,凱爾特人隊今年仍可能聘用他。因此今天與我們同在的是一個偉大的傳奇,但最重要的是一位神奇人物,一位神奇運動員,以及三位傑出的校園建設者。十分榮幸今天能與他們一起獲得榮譽學位,他們的存在及無私的服務精神證明波士頓學院是一個神奇的地方。
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I am really happy to be here. (Applause and cheers.) I know that many of you stayed up all night so you could see your last sunrise at BC. (Cheers.) Some of you thought it would never come, graduation that is. I’ve got news for you: Some of your parents and professors didn’t think so either. (Laughter.) Now, I notice a lot of you are wearing shades. It won’t work, folks. I’ll still hear you snoring. (Laughter.) I was on the campus of one of your rivals yesterday in New Haven. And while I let them know that they could be proud of their title in men’s hockey last year, I also had to put it in perspective: Yale is still four titles behind BC. (Cheers and applause.) There are many things actually that Yale and Boston College have in common, but one is probably the most powerful: mutual dislike of Harvard. (Laughter.) Although to be fair, hundreds of schools don’t like Harvard very much. As Secretary of State, I track many factions and rivalries around the world. BC versus Notre Dame is at the top of my list. Of course, there’s also Alec Baldwin versus the NYPD. (Laughter.) Beyonce’s sister versus Jay Z. (Laughter and cheers.) And then there’s the rivalry: Red Sox and Yankees. (Cheering and applause.) We absolutely loved the last ten years: Yankees – one World Series, and Red Sox – three. That's my kind of rivalry, folks. (Cheers.) Now BC reminds us today that though rivalries can be overcome, here today you have honored a Holy Cross alumnus, the great Bob Cousy, who, as you heard earlier in his degree presentation, won 117 games at Boston when he was coaching here. Eighty-five years old and the Celtics could have used him this year. (Laughter.) So we have with us today a great legend, but most importantly an amazing person, an amazing player, and three other extraordinary builders of community, all of whom I am very honored to share degrees with today. Their lives and their selfless service are testimony to the fact that Boston College is an amazing place.
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過去幾年中,在座所有人都有幸體驗定義波士頓學院的一項特質:兼容並蓄的精神,這是波士頓學院創校以來即擁有的特質。當時它為被其他學校拒絕的愛爾蘭移民與天主教徒敞開大門。當我40多年前來到這裡時,我希望你們知道,我親身體會到這種特質。如你們聽說過的,我曾經參戰,當我回國時,我致力於結束戰爭。那是一個動亂的時代-對我們的國家來說,對我個人來說那是一個分裂與幻滅的年代。但因為我是一個心智成熟的人,身為波士頓學院的一份子,我在這裡找到家的感覺。或許在座很多人甚至不知道Robert Drinan神父的名字,我第一次來校園拜訪他時他是法學院院長,正在競選國會議員。我對Drinan神父最深刻的印象是-無論在栗子山還是國會山-他不曾對天主教徒幫助弱者、無助者和飽受蹂躪者的誓言感到後悔。「如果是真正的基督徒,」Drinan神父說,「他們應對世上的饑餓、不公、拒絕給予教育機會感到痛苦。」
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Over the past years, you have all been blessed to experience a special quality that has always defined BC: the welcoming spirit of this community. That has been a distinguishing characteristic of Boston College since its first days, when it opened its doors to Irish immigrants and Catholics who were barred from other schools. When I came here more than 40 years ago, I want you to know that I felt that welcome firsthand. I had, as you heard, served in war, and when I came home, I worked to end it. It was a turbulent time – for our country, for me personally. It was a time of division and disillusionment. But because of one thoughtful man of conscience, one member of the Boston College community, I found a home right here. Many of you today might not even recognize the name of Father Robert Drinan. He was the dean of the Law School and he was running for Congress when I first visited him on the campus. And what impressed me most about Father Drinan – whether on Chestnut Hill or Capitol Hill – was that he made no apologies for his deep and abiding Catholic commitment to the weak, the helpless, the downtrodden. “If a person is really a Christian,” Father Drinan would say, “they will be in anguish over global hunger, injustice, over the denial of educational opportunity.”
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事實上正是Drinan神父鼓勵我在波士頓學院研讀法律,即使這並非一條顯而易見的道路。我帶著不同於同學的背景進入法學院,我曾經服役於美國海軍,剛邁入30歲,有一個剛成立的家庭。因為我的背景,我帶著一堆令人困擾的問題來到波士頓學院。戰爭期間,我曾親身面對個人的死亡,信仰和戰鬥本身已成為日常生活的一部分。事實上我在脖子上掛著念珠作為護身符,但在最近的考驗中,我意識到戰爭期間我和上帝的關係其實是一種依賴。「上帝,幫助我度過這一切,我將效忠於祢。」這樣的關係。隨著對戰爭的醒悟,我的信仰也遭受考驗。有一種神學家稱之為「邪惡問題」的東西,那是指:難以解釋的可怕和無意義事件事實上是上帝計畫的一部分。這對我來說是相當真實的考驗,我一些最親近的朋友慘遭殺害,戰爭中所見的場景餘生都縈繞在你的腦海。因此我來到波士頓法學院,閱讀聖奧古斯丁關於邪惡問題的討論,或聖湯瑪斯.阿奎那對戰爭的探討,聖保羅的信件以及對苦難的想法。這並非抽象或學術上的練習,這是一個挖掘並盡力瞭解如何使每一件事適得其所的機會,包括盡力瞭解我如何才能適得其所。我敢肯定在座許多人也會問這樣的問題。我在波士頓學院體驗到的同理心、傾聽和理解使我感到賓至如歸,教導我如何進行批判性思考,如何提出正確問題,增強我對人生方向的個人感知。許多年後,方濟各教宗提過,我們都有責任伸出援手幫助那些「站在十字路口」的人。當時我或許尚未釐清思緒,這正是波士頓學院給予我的幫助,希望它也給予你們同樣的幫助。
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In fact, it was Father Drinan who encouraged me to study law at BC, even when it wasn’t the obvious path. I had come to law school from a different background than my classmates. I’d served in the Navy, just turned 30, and had a young family.
And because of where I’d been and what I’d seen, I came to Boston College with a set of nagging questions. I had confronted my own mortality head-on during the war, where faith was as much a part of my daily life as the battle itself. In fact, I wore my rosary around my neck hoping for protection. But on closer examination, I realized my wartime relationship with God was really a dependent one – a “God, get me through this and I’ll be good” kind of relationship. And as I became disillusioned with the war, my faith also was put to test. There’s something theologians call “the problem of evil.” It’s the difficulty of explaining how terrible and senseless events are, in fact, part of God’s plan. That was a very real test for me. Some of my closest friends were killed. You see things in war that haunt you for the rest of your life. So coming here to BC Law, reading St. Augustine on the problem of evil, or St. Thomas Aquinas on just war, the letters of St. Paul and thoughts about suffering – this was not an abstract or academic exercise. It was a chance to dig in and really try to understand where and how everything fit, including trying to understand where I fit in. I’m sure a lot of you ask those questions. It was the compassion, listening, and understanding that I experienced at BC that made me feel welcome, taught me literally how to think critically, how to ask the right questions, and reinforced in me a personal sense of direction. It would be years before Pope Francis would talk about the responsibility we all have to reach out to those who “stand at the crossroads.” I might not have connected the dots at the time, but that is exactly what BC was doing for me and I hope has done for you.
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我在這裡遇見的人正以行動實踐耶穌的話語,你們今天已聽過這句話:「男性與女性都為他人而活。」每一個機構都有一個使命或宗旨-那是容易的部分,困難的部分在於確保這不僅是空談。我們必須確保,即使我們的世界瞬息萬變,我們每一個人仍能賦予本身價值新的含義。今天我向你們承諾,這是美國外交政策最大的挑戰之一:確保美國仍堅持我們的理想和責任,即使不再受歡迎、不再容易實行。永遠不要忘記:使美國有別於其他國家的特質,並非共同的宗教、共同的血統、共同的意識形態或共同的傳統,使我們與眾不同的是,我們藉由一個不尋常的想法團結在一起:所有人生而平等,所有人都被賦予不可剝奪的權利。美國是-我這麼說並非基於沙文主義或傲慢心態,但美國確實不同於其他國家。美國是一種理想,我們所有人,包括你,必須持續不斷地實現這個理想。因此我們的公民身份-因此我們的公民身份不僅是一種特權,也是一個任重道遠的責任。在一個逐漸縮小的世界中,我們不能僅藉由美國人對美國人的貢獻衡量成功與否,也應藉由我們與全球合作夥伴所建立的安全與共榮來衡量。在充斥危機、暴力、鬥爭、流行病與不穩定的時期,相信我,這個世界仍將美國視為第一個求助的夥伴。人們不因我們的存在而憂慮,他們擔心的是我們的離開。身為國務卿最大的特權之一就是能親眼看見這一點。
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The people I met here were putting into action the words of the Jesuit motto that you’ve heard already today: “Men and women for others.” Every institution has a mission or a motto – that’s the easy part. The hard part is ensuring that they’re not just words. We have to make sure that even as our world changes rapidly and in so many ways, we can still, each of us, give new meaning to our values. Today, I promise you that is one of the greatest challenges of America’s foreign policy: ensuring that even when it’s not popular, even when it’s not easy, America still lives up to our ideals and our responsibilities to lead.
Never forget that what makes America different from other nations is not a common religion or a common bloodline or a common ideology or a common heritage. What makes us different is that we are united by an uncommon idea: that we’re all created equal and all endowed with unalienable rights. America is – and I say this without chauvinism or any arrogance whatsoever, but America is not just a country like other countries. America is an idea, and we – all of us, you – get to fill it out over time. (Applause.) So our citizenship is not just a privilege – it is a profound responsibility.
And in a shrinking world, we can’t measure our success just by what we achieve as Americans for Americans, but also by the security and shared prosperity that we build with our partners all over world. In times of crisis, violence, strife, epidemic, and instability – believe me – the world still looks to the United States of America as a partner of first resort. People aren’t worried about our presence; they’re worried about our leaving. One of the great privileges of being Secretary of State is getting to see that firsthand.
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12月時,我走過菲律賓颱風後留下的廢墟,美國軍隊和美國國際開發署已抵達現場,早於那些比我們近得多的國家。這個月,在剛果共和國,我看見美國對外科醫生的支持,以及天主教修女如何幫助遭受暴力和凌虐的受害者。僅僅幾周前,在伊索比亞,我看見我們與愛滋病抗爭的不變承諾所取得的成果,當地醫生和護士正使下一代免於愛滋病威脅的夢想成為可能。我們站在實現這一切的前線,我們所做的一切是為了扭轉與愛滋病、肺結核、瘧疾,甚至小兒麻痹抗爭過程中,失敗主義者與漠不關心者的觀點。這些努力將給予你們每個人信心,面對另一個跨境、跨代的挑戰。氣候變化挑戰,如果我們準備實踐我們的價值,這就是我們必須面對的考驗。聽著,我知道這並非易事,因為我在美國參議院花了將近30年時間來推動這件事,試著使同僚採取行動。我們拿到最多大概55張選票,無法拿到60張。我知道很難感受這種急迫性,當我們身處波士頓一個美好的早晨,你或許看不見氣候變化正直接威脅你的工作、你的社區或你的家庭。但我告訴各位,這已成事實。
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In December, I walked through the devastation left behind by the typhoon in the Philippines. The U.S. military and USAID had arrived on the scene before countries that are much closer than we are. This month in the Democratic Republic of Congo, I saw how the United States is supporting surgeons and Catholic nuns helping victims of violence and abuse. And just a few weeks ago in Ethiopia, I saw what our sustained commitment to combatting AIDS is achieving. Local doctors and nurses are making possible the dream of an AIDS-free generation. We’re on the cusp of achieving that. And what we have done to turn back the armies of defeatism and indifference in the fight against AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and even polio – this work should give every one of you confidence to confront another cross-border, cross-generational challenge, the challenge of a changing climate. If we’re going to live up to our values, this is a test that we have to meet. Now look, I know this is hard, because I spent almost 30 years in the United States Senate pushing this issue, trying to get colleagues to move. We got up to maybe 55 votes, couldn’t quite get to 60. And I know it’s hard to feel the urgency. As we sit here on an absolutely beautiful morning in Boston, you might not see climate change as an immediate threat to your job, your community, or your families. But let me tell you, it is.
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兩份近期的重要報告,一份來自聯合國,一份來自退休的美國軍隊領導者,不僅警告我們嚴重後果即將到來,其中一些後果已經出現。全球97%科學家告訴我們情況已迫在眉睫。為什麼?因為如果農作物無法生長,將產生食品安全問題。如果長期乾旱導致水源不足,如果存在更強、更猛烈的風暴,情況將迅速變化,朝壞的方向發展。氣候變化與更大的潛在衝突與動盪息息相關,我告訴各位,世上某些地方的人-例如現今的非洲,人們為了水源戰鬥,他們為了水源互相殘殺。如果冰山逐漸融化,可獲得的水源減少、人口增加,這是我們必須面對的一個挑戰。猜猜會發生什麼事?最貧窮和最弱勢的人將面臨最大的風險。如Drinan神父所說:我們將因此痛苦不堪。令人困擾的是,這個挑戰並非沒有解決之道。事實上今天我能想到的,我們國家面臨的問題中,沒有一個是無法解決的。這是能力和決心問題。事實上解決之道就在我們面前,那就是能源政策。做出正確的能源政策選擇,美國將領導一個價值6兆美元、擁有40億使用者的市場,未來50年使用者將增加到90億。如果我們付出必要的努力,解決這個挑戰。假設我或科學家錯了,97%的科學家都錯了,假設他們錯了,最糟糕的結果是什麼?我們投入數百萬人力設法改變我們的能源,創造嶄新、可再生、可替代的能源。我們使生活更健康,因為空氣中存在較少的顆粒,更潔淨的空氣、更健康的生活。我們藉由更大的能源獨立性賦予我們更多的安全性。這是消極的做法,這並非政治或黨派問題,而是科學與管理問題。這並非能力問題,而是決心問題。
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Two major recent reports, one from the UN and one from retired U.S. military leaders, warn us not just of the crippling consequences to come, but that some of them are already here. Ninety-seven percent of the world’s scientists tell us this is urgent. Why? Because if crops can’t grow, there’ll be food insecurity. If there’s less water because of longer droughts, if there are stronger and more powerful storms, things will change in a hurry and they will change for the worse. Climate change is directly related to the potential of greater conflict and greater stability – instability. I’m telling you that there are people in parts of the world – in Africa today, they fight each other over water. They kill each over it. And if glaciers are melting and there’s less water available and more people, that is a challenge we have to face. And guess what? It is the poorest and the weakest who face the greatest risk. As Father Drinan would say, we should be in anguish over this. (Applause.) What’s frustrating is that this challenge is not without a solution. In fact, not one problem I can think of today that we face in this country is without a solution. It’s a question of capacity, willpower. The solution is actually staring us in the face. It is energy policy. Make the right energy policy choices and America can lead a $6 trillion market with 4 billion users today and growing to 9 billion users in the next 50 years. If we make the necessary efforts to address this challenge – and supposing I’m wrong or scientists are wrong, 97 percent of them all wrong – supposing they are, what’s the worst that can happen? We put millions of people to work transitioning our energy, creating new and renewable and alternative; we make life healthier because we have less particulates in the air and cleaner air and more health; we give ourselves greater security through greater energy independence – that’s the downside. This is not a matter of politics or partisanship; it’s a matter of science and stewardship. And it’s not a matter of capacity; it’s a matter of willpower. (Applause.)
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但如果我們什麼都不做,且結果顯示批評家、反對者與地平說學會成員-如果結果顯示他們錯了,那麼我們所承擔的風險將是整個地球的未來。坦白說這並非艱難的選擇。儘管如此,讓我告訴你們,我們需要你們每個人的幫助來達成這個目標。最後,這所有的全球性挑戰,如何防禦極端主義、如何消除疾病、如何為年輕人提供機會、如何保護我們的地球,所有關於男性和女性是否能有尊嚴地活著的問題,我所謂的尊嚴是指什麼?我指的正是David Hollenbach神父在這個校園所教過的東西,並將這個理念引入天主教社會教學的重心。當家庭擁有潔淨水源和能源時,他們就能活得有尊嚴。當人們擁有自由,能在選舉日選擇他們的政府,每天都能參與同胞的生活,他們就能活得有尊嚴。當所有公民都能盡己所能地貢獻,無論他們是什麼種族,無論他們愛誰或如何稱呼他們的神,他們就能活得有尊嚴。這正是你需要參與的部分:為尊嚴而奮鬥。無論是全城還是全世界,它都需要你親身參與。你們今天即將獲得的文憑不僅是成就的證明,也是一個需要持續的宗旨。它是對在座每個人的強大挑戰,因為你已被賦予世上一流的教育以及隨之而來的責任,責任的一部分是:將你在這裡所學的價值觀銘記於心,並將其傳播到波士頓學院以外的世界。
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But if we do nothing, and it turns out that the critics and the naysayers and the members of the Flat Earth Society, if it turns out that they’re wrong, then we are risking nothing less than the future of the entire planet. This is not a hard choice, frankly. But still, let me tell you we need the help of every single one of you to make it. In the end, all of these global challenges – how to defend against extremism, how to eradicate disease, how to provide young people with opportunity, how to protect our planet – all of these questions of whether men and women can live in dignity. What do I mean by dignity? I mean exactly the same thing that Father David Hollenbach taught on this campus and brought to the forefront of Catholic social teaching: That when families have access to clean water and clean power, they can live in dignity. When people have the freedom to choose their government on election day and to engage their fellow citizens every day, they can live in dignity. When all citizens can make their full contribution no matter their ethnicity; no matter who they love or what name they give to God, they can live in dignity. And this is where you come in: the struggle for dignity. Whether across town or across the world, it makes demands on your own lives. The diploma that you will receive today isn’t just a certificate of accomplishment. It’s a charge to keep. It’s a powerful challenge to every single one of you, because you have already been blessed with a world-class education, and with it comes responsibility. Part of that responsibility is taking to heart the values that you’ve learned here and sharing them with the world beyond BC.
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服務精神是這所學校體制的一部分,正如它是我們國家體制的一部分。我經常想起美國第一任國務卿所說的話。湯瑪斯.傑弗遜也創立了一所跟貴校一樣聲譽卓著的大學,傑弗遜曾經談到一個簡單象徵的美好之處:用一根蠟燭點燃另一根蠟燭。他說,當你這麼做時,兩根蠟燭都獲得光明,兩根蠟燭都不曾失去任何東西。他談到知識分享的感染力,正如耶穌傳統的傳承,這是廣為人知的理念。傑弗遜誕生前兩個世紀,聖人Ignatius Loyola總是用一個簡單的指示作為信件的結束語,我今天將這個傳給各位。聖Ignatius寫道:「讓世界燃燒。」因此2014年畢業生,將你的光傳遞給他人,用你的服務讓世界燃燒。歡迎迷失的人,尋找在十字路口徘徊的人,這就是履行這個偉大學府畢業生應擔負之責任的方式,這就是對成為僕人或領導者的回應,這就是保持信仰與更新美國理念的方式,這就是履行公民責任的方式。恭喜在座所有人,祝好運,上帝保佑你們!
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That spirit of service is part of the fabric of this school, just as it is part of the fabric of our nation. I often think of the words of our first Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, someone who also founded a prestigious university like yours. Jefferson spoke about the beauty of a simple image: using one candle to light another. And he said that when that happens, both candles gain light and neither candle loses any. He was talking about the contagious quality of shared knowledge. As heirs to the Jesuit tradition, this is an idea that you know well. Two centuries before Jefferson, St. Ignatius Loyola always closed his letters with a simple charge, and it’s one I pass on to you today. St. Ignatius wrote simply, “Set the world aflame.” So graduates of 2014, pass on your light to others. Set the world aflame with your service. Welcome those who are lost; seek out those at the crossroads. That is how you can fulfill your responsibility as a graduate of this great institution. That is how you can answer the call to be a servant, leader, and that is how you can keep faith with and renew the idea of America, and that is how we all live up to our duty as citizens. Congratulations to all of you. Good luck and God bless.