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謝謝大家,謝謝Pestello校長邀請我來到這裡,這對我倆來說都是第一次。很榮幸為你們發表畢業演講和獲得聖路易斯大學榮譽博士學位,尤其是考慮到今天另外兩個榮譽學位得主:Anita Lyons Bond 和Gene Kranz,他們是我今天談到的夢想價值觀和勇氣之力量的最佳典範。感謝Rex Sinquefield的精彩介紹,但他忽略了一個關於我的重要事實:我出生於與喬治亞共和國相鄰的Deep South,也就是蘇聯的Deep South,位於裡海亞塞拜然巴庫海岸,毗鄰喬治亞共和國。希望你們能理解我的南方口音,我也希望你們在歷史書中讀過蘇聯。這是一種奇怪的感覺,想到這個我出生的國家在你們尚未出生的1991年解體,我很難向你們這些從出生就享有自由和民主果實的人解釋出生和成長於一個集權國家是什麼情形。做個現代化的比喻,這就像父母不斷對身為整個街區中唯一沒有網路或電視的孩子說你是多麼幸運。
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Thank you everyone. My thanks to President Pestello for having me here, the first commencement for both of us. It is an honor to be speaking to you all, and to receive my honorary doctorate from Saint Louis University. That is especially true considering the two other honorees here today, Anita Lyons Bond and Gene Kranz. There could be no better examples of the power of dreams, values, and courage that I am here to talk about. And thank you, Rex [Sinquefield], for that flattering introduction. However, he omitted one important fact about me; that I was born in the Deep South, right next to Georgia. That is, in the Deep South of the Soviet Union, at the shores of the Caspian Sea in Baku, Azerbaijan, right next to the Republic of Georgia. I hope you can understand my Southern accent! I also hope you have read about the USSR in history books. It is an odd feeling to think that most of you were not yet alive when the country I was born in ceased to exist in 1991. It's always difficult to explain what it was like to be born and raised in a totalitarian country to those who have enjoyed the fruits of freedom and democracy from birth. To make a modern metaphor, I would say it was like being the only kid on the block whose family doesn't have internet or television and your parents keep telling you how lucky you are not to have those things.
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近年來我經常造訪聖路易斯,隨著這座城市逐漸成為世界西洋棋之都、成為西洋棋教育和競技的先鋒。事實上這是恢復舊傳統,你們或許不知道,聖路易斯於1886年舉辦首次正式的國際西洋棋錦標賽。很榮幸參與今天的盛典讓我終於瞭解什麼是Billiken。當我還是成長於巴庫的小男孩時,母親說或許有朝一日我會成為世界西洋棋冠軍。我不知道是否有人相信她的話,但我相信。多年後蘇聯體育局說我是麻煩人物,我不可能成為世界西洋棋冠軍,然而我於1985年成為世界西洋棋冠軍,這就是我今天想與各位分享的第一個重要經驗談:聽媽媽的話。六年後蘇聯和所有體育局都不復存在,我母親依然健在,她至今仍會告訴我說我能做到什麼,還有叮嚀我吃蔬菜。每個人都告訴你要相信自己,這當然是事實,只有你能決定自己的道路,只有你能達成這個目標。但你也必須聽那些相信你的人的話,從他們的愛和支持中汲取力量。他們經常提醒我們要擁有高遠的目標,高於你自己所定的目標,尤其是當你還年輕時。我敢肯定,如果你們都能達成母親相信你能做到的事,你們將成為史上最有成就的畢業生。
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I have been visiting St. Louis frequently in recent years, as the city has become the world capital of chess, leading the way in education and at the competitive level. This is actually restoring an old tradition. You might not know that St. Louis hosted the first official world chess championship, back in 1886. It's a great pleasure to be here for today's special occasion, and to finally find out what a Billiken is.Important Lesson: Listen to Your MotherWhen I was a little boy, growing up in Baku, my mother told me I could become the world chess champion someday. I don't know if anyone else believed her, but I believed her. Years later, the sports authorities in the Soviet Union told me that I was a troublemaker, and that I could not become the world chess champion. Well, in 1985 I did become world champion, and this taught me the first important lesson I wish to share with you all today: listen to your mother!Six years after that, the Soviet Union and all of its sports authorities ceased to exist while my mother is still going strong. And she is still telling me what I am capable of - and to eat my vegetables. Everyone will tell you to believe in yourself, and this of course is true. Only you can decide your course and only you can make it happen. But you must also listen to those who believe in you and to take strength from their love and from their support. Often they remind us to aim high, higher than you might aim on your own, especially when you are young. I am quite sure that if you all accomplish what your mothers believe you can accomplish, that this will be the most successful graduating class in the history of the world.
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至於那些雙親或雙親之一早逝的人,例如我7歲時失去父親,你們今天的成就展現了一種特殊的力量:失去和擁有同樣塑造了我們。順帶一提,演講結束後我得趕回紐約參加大女兒Polina的畢業典禮,因此也恭喜現場所有的家長和畢業生,幹得好!家長們,我們做到了!1985年我獲得世界西洋棋冠軍時才22歲,這是我一生中最美好的一天,我想今天很多人都有類似的感覺。你們還年輕,你們擁有強大的力量,你們擁有長遠的目標。1985年那天發生一件奇怪的事,我站在台上,手上還拿著花和獎牌,我是世上最幸福的人。Rona Petrosian走上前,她是60年代世界西洋棋冠軍Tigran Petrosian的遺孀,我期待著另一場熱烈的祝賀,但她有不同想法。她說:「小伙子,我為你感到遺憾。」什麼?為我感到遺憾?為我這個天之驕子、史上最年輕的世界西洋棋冠軍感到遺憾?她接著說:「我為你感到遺憾,因為你一生中最幸福的日子已經結束。」哇!我簡直不敢相信,簡直讓人無語。但當震驚過後,我開始懷疑:如果她說得沒錯呢?我在那個值得慶祝的日子沒想很多,後來我逐漸意識到Rona Petrosian給了我一個人生新目標:證明她錯了!現在我意識到那天她幫了我一個忙,因此我將她的禮物傳遞給你們:你一生中最幸福的日子結束了嗎?還是你已經有了新夢想、新目標、新計劃?
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And for those of you who lost a parent or parents at a young age, as I lost my father when I was seven, your achievement here today reflects a special kind of strength. We are all shaped by absence as well as by presence.By the way, as soon as this is over I have to hurry to New York for the graduation of my eldest daughter, Polina. And so, congratulations as well to all my fellow parents of graduates. Well done, parents! We did it!The Happiest Day of Your Life.When I won the world championship in 1985 I was 22 years old and it was the greatest day of my life. I imagine today is a similar feeling for many of you. You are young, you are strong, and you have a long-time goal in your hands. On that day in 1985, a strange thing happened. I was standing there on the stage, still with my flowers and my medal, the happiest person in the world, when I was approached by Rona Petrosian, the widow of a former world chess champion from the 60s, Tigran Petrosian. I was expecting another warm congratulations, but she had something else in mind. "Young man," she said, "I feel sorry for you." What? Sorry for me? Sorry for me? The youngest world champion in history, on top of the world? "I feel sorry for you," she continued, "because the happiest day of your life is over." Wow, I couldn't believe it. What a thing to say. But as I got over my shock I began to wonder... what if she's right? And while I did not think much more about it on that celebratory day, I slowly came to realize that Rona Petrosian had given me a new goal in my life: to prove her wrong!Now I realize she did me a favor that day, and so I will pass her gift on to you. Is the happiest day of your life over? Or do you already have a new dream, a new goal, a new plan?
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畢業與未來有關,但不僅與你的未來有關。很少人預期自己會改變世界的歷史,但以某種程度來說,每個人都有這個可能。這由你決定,世界會因為你的存在而改變,還是因為你的不存在而改變。觀看新聞和我們今天面臨的許多問題及危機很容易有悲觀主義者的想法,極度不平等現象與新技術對我們生活影響的不確定性,擔憂來自恐怖主義和獨裁政權的暴力行為。雖然我花了很多時間分析和討論這些棘手問題,我是樂觀主義者,我是樂觀主義者,因為我相信我們有改變事物的力量。我們並非對經濟週期或歷史力量無能為力的旁觀者,我們有能力採取行動、改變世界的軌跡。你們都有這種能力,藉由擁有遠大夢想、冒險精神和創新精神,我們可以設法處理這些問題,而不是被動地消磨我們的時間。夢想改變世界意味著願意承擔風險、犧牲和失敗,願意一再嘗試。
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Graduation is about the future, and not just about your future. Few people expect to change the history of the world, but in some way you all will. It is up to you to decide if you will change the world with your presence - or if it will change in your absence. Dreaming of Changing the World.Watching the news, looking at the many problems and crises we face today, it's easy to feel like a pessimist. Inequality is at record levels, there is uncertainty over the impact of all the new technology in our lives, there are worries about violence from terrorism and dictatorships. And although I spend a lot of my time analyzing and discussing these difficult issues, I am an optimist. I am an optimist because I believe we have the power to change things. We are not helpless spectators to economic cycles or the forces of history. We have the ability to take action, to change the course of the world. You, you all have that ability. By dreaming big and recapturing the spirit of risk and innovation we can do something about these problems instead of passively biding our time.Dreaming of changing the world means being prepared to take risks, to sacrifice, and to fail, and to try again.
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我十年前退出職業棋手行列、投身俄羅斯民主運動時,很多人認為我瘋了,有些人還當面這麼說我。我仍是世界頂尖的棋手,挑戰普丁的獨裁比棋盤上的黑白世界複雜得多,我當然明白這一點。西洋棋有固定的規則和無法預知的結果,普丁領導下的俄羅斯假選舉則完全相反。我採取這個大膽的行動,因為我意識到我的夢想不僅是西洋棋,而是做出改變。我曾在國際職業西洋棋界完成一切我能做到的改變,從世界錦標賽的對弈到挑戰超級電腦,我希望我還能對俄羅斯的現狀及人權做出改變,我希望能在其他吸引我的領域學習和做出貢獻,例如教育、人工和機器智能及決策制定。當時我42歲,這意味著夢想永不嫌遲。你經常在西洋棋和其他運動中聽見:「這位選手天賦較高」,但「那位選手比較努力」,這是錯誤的見解。努力是一種天賦,當別人放棄時你能不斷嘗試是一種天賦,努力永遠不會白費。無論你選擇何種職業,或即使你擁有多種不同職業,今天的努力永遠不會白費。
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When I retired from professional chess ten years ago to join the pro-democracy movement in Russia, many people thought I was crazy. And some of them told me so! I was still the number one player in the world, after all, and challenging Vladimir Putin's dictatorship was far more complex than the black and white world of the chessboard. Of course I understood this. In chess we have fixed rules and unpredictable results. In Putin's Russia's phony elections it's exactly the opposite.I made this bold move because I realized that my own dream was not just about chess, but had always been about making a difference. I had accomplished everything I could in the world of professional chess, from world championship matches to battling against super-computers. I hoped I could still make a difference in Russia, and in human rights. I wanted to learn and contribute in other areas that fascinated me, like education, and human plus machine intelligence, and decision-making. I was 42 at the time, which tells you that it is never too late to dream.You often hear in chess and other sports that "this player is more talented" but "that player works harder." This is a fallacy. Hard work is a talent. The ability to keep trying when others quit is a talent. And hard work is never wasted. No matter what career you end up in, or even if you have a dozen different careers, the hard work represented here today will never be wasted.
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無論你決定如何改變這個世界,你們能在這裡表示擁有這份天賦,這份天賦對你有所助益。人類無法改善我們的硬體,也就是DNA。但藉由努力,我們絕對能改善我們的軟體-心智,但智慧、教育和努力缺乏道德的引導會如何?483年前的今天,1532年5月16日,湯馬斯.莫爾辭去身為英國國王亨利八世大臣的職位;三年後,莫爾的人生以被國王處死告終。當時莫爾的遺言是:「忠於國王,但首先忠於上帝。」湯馬斯.莫爾-湯馬斯是個複雜的人物,一個有原則的人,你心目中的律師或許就像莫爾。在他的小說《烏托邦》中經常描寫一個虛構完美小島上的法律,但並非描寫他想像中的一套完美法律,莫爾描述:在以明確原則為基礎的理想社會中,許多法律並非必要。他寫道:「他們的法律不多,因此他們需要的憲法也不多。」因此莫爾的《烏托邦》中也沒有律師。別擔心,我很高興告訴現場來自Scott Hall的人,沒有律師的世界只有《烏托邦》。
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Your being here shows that you have that talent and it will serve you well no matter how you decide to make a difference in this world. Human beings cannot upgrade our hardware, that's our DNA. But with hard work we can definitely upgrade our mental software.But what is intelligence, education, and effort without the guiding hand of morality? 483 years ago today, on May 16, 1532, Thomas More resigned his position as Chancellor to the King of England, Henry VIII. Three years later More's downfall was completed with his execution, when More said that he died "as the king's good servant, but God's first."Thomas More was a complicated figure, a man of principle. As you might expect of a lawyer like More, in his novel Utopia he writes often of the law on his fictional perfect island. But instead of describing a flawless set of laws as he imagined them, More wrote that in an ideal society based on clear principles, many laws were not necessary. He wrote, "They have but few laws, and such is their constitution that they need not many."And so More's Utopia also had no lawyers. Don't worry, I'm happy to tell those of you coming from Scott Hall today that a world with no lawyers is only possible in Utopia.
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我們有多少法律並非重點,現今世界是個複雜的地方,複雜程度遠超過500年前湯馬斯.莫爾撰寫這本小說時。法律必須跟上時代,什麼尚未改變、什麼不應改變、什麼不能改變,必須基於我們的法律、生活、夢想和人類恆久的價值觀。我們可以為我們的價值觀奮鬥,或者我們可以用它來交換舒適和暫時的安全,這對如今我們這些地球村的公民來說是個挑戰。我們每天都在做些或大或小的選擇,關於個人、公司或整個國家,這些選擇是否遵循我們珍視的價值觀?我們是否忠於以下原則:個人自由、信念、卓越、同理心、人類生命的價值?還是我們用這些原則做交換,交換物質需求、平靜生活、將今天的問題留給下一代?順帶一提,這些道德觀也是創新和自由市場的價值。美國建國的價值觀創造了世上最大的民主國家,也是世上最大的經濟體並非巧合。在《登山寶訓》中,耶穌勉勵他的信徒成為「山上的城」,一個世界的光輝榜樣,這是約翰.甘迺迪和隆納.雷根形容美國的用語。我從鐵幕另一邊看見這樣的美國,我可以告訴你們,這相當重要,如今依然重要。如果美國希望繼續成為「世界之光」,將仰賴你們和你們這一代堅守這些價值觀,而非用它們交換一個安全和停滯不前的現狀。不僅企業家會承擔風險,世上任何每天在生活中為這些價值觀奮戰的人都得承擔風險。
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How many laws we have is not the point. The world is a complicated place, far more complicated today than when Thomas More wrote his novel 500 years ago, and laws must keep up with the times. What has not changed, what should not change, what cannot change, is the need to base our laws, and our lives, and our dreams, on eternal human values.We can fight for our values or we can trade them away for comfort and temporary security. This is a challenge for all of us in today's globally connected world. Every day we make choices large or small: individuals, companies, entire nations. Are those choices guided by the values we treasure? Are we loyal to the principles of individual freedom, of faith, of excellence, of compassion, of the value of human life? Or do we trade them away, bit by bit, for material goods, for a quiet life, and to pass the problems of today on to the next generation?These moral values are also the values of innovation and the free market, by the way. It is no coincidence that these founding American values created the greatest democracy in the world and also the greatest economy in the world. In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus urged his believers to be a "City on a Hill", a shining example to the world, a phrase used to describe America by John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan. I saw that America from the other side of the Iron Curtain and I can tell you that it mattered. And it matters stilIf America is to continue as a "light of the world" it will be up to you and to your generation to hold fast to these values and not to trade them away for a safe and stagnant status quo. Risk is not only for entrepreneurs. Risk is for anyone who will fight for these values in their lives and in the world every day.
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六歲生日那天,我醒來時發現床邊有個巨大的地球儀,這是我收過最好的禮物。我揉揉眼睛,確定這是真的。我小時候最喜歡的故事是父親說的那些馬可波羅、哥倫布和麥哲倫的航海故事,我們最喜歡的遊戲是追蹤這些偉大探險家的環球行程,這是父親留給我最後、最美好的回憶,對探索的熱愛是他留給我最棒的禮物。我們一再聽說新領域都被探索完畢,每一代都喜歡說一切重要或簡單的事物都被發明完畢,不幸的是,相信這些會使它們成為自我實現的預言。如果你認為新發現不存在,為何要嘗試?為何要鋌而走險?為何要離家?聖路易斯曾經是未知的起點、通往新領域的大門,試想一下,如果開拓者在密西西比停下腳步,如同美國在尤金.塞爾南1972年登陸月球後不再派人重返月球。我們不能回頭,我們不能停下腳步,我們不能滿足於「夠好了」。確實,如今的生活更加複雜,但我們的工具更加強大。如今登陸火星比湯馬斯.莫爾那個年代橫渡海洋更容易,至少我們知道目的地的位置和距離。哥倫布和麥哲倫沒有地圖,現場每個人都有GPS。你能想像哥倫布今天申請風險投資的情形嗎?你想去哪裡?你不知道?你沒有地圖?
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On my sixth birthday I woke up to find an enormous globe next to my bed. It was the best present I have ever received. I had to rub my eyes to make sure it was real. My favorite childhood stories were the ones my father read to me about the voyages of Marco Polo, Columbus, and Magellan. Our favorite game was to trace the journeys of these great explorers across the globe. These are the last and fondest memories I have of my father, and this love of exploration was his greatest gift to me.We have heard time and again that the frontiers have all been explored. And every generation likes to say that everything important or easy has already been invented. Unfortunately, believing this can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. If you think there is nothing new to discover, why try? Why take risks? Why leave the house? St. Louis was once the beginning of the unknown, the Gateway to the frontier. Imagine if the pioneers had stopped at the Mississippi, the way America hasn't sent a man back to the moon since Eugene Cernan in 1972. We cannot turn back. We cannot stop. We must not settle for "good enough." Life is more complicated today, yes, but our tools are infinitely more powerful. It's easier today to reach Mars than it was to cross the oceans in the time of Thomas More. At least we know where we're going and how far away it is. Columbus and Magellan had no maps while everyone here has GPS. Can you imagine Columbus trying to get venture capital today? You want to go where? You don't know? You don't have a map?
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今天,你們口袋裡都有電子設備,可以與地球上半數人進行即時通訊、查閱人類歷史上每一筆資料、一台iPhone的計算能力勝於1972年NASA所有計算機的總和。但單靠計算能力是不夠的,我們需要人類的創造力和雄心來造成改變。目前新領域仍然存在,無數新發明正等待擁有好奇心和勇氣的人去尋找,還需要做這些事的自由。它需要信念、努力、創新的價值觀和自由,它需要你們的信念、你們的努力、你們的想法。你或許會說你尚未準備好立刻迎接新挑戰,你需要時間來放鬆、慶祝、回味你的新成就。抱歉,但世界不會等你,世界現在需要你。今天你已實現了一個夢想,明天將展開一個新夢想,如果你總是擁有夢想,生命中最幸福的日子永遠不會結束。謝謝,上帝保佑你們。
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Today, you all have a device in your pocket that can instantly communicate with half the people on the planet and access every piece of information in human history. One iPhone has more computing power than all the computers NASA had combined, back in 1972. But raw computing power isn't enough. We need human creativity and human ambition to make a difference.There are still new frontiers today, and a limitless number of new inventions waiting to be discovered by people with the curiosity and courage to look for them, and the freedom to do so. It will require belief, hard work, and the values of innovation and liberty. It will require your belief, your hard work, and your ideas. You might say you aren't ready for a new challenge right away, that you want time to relax, to celebrate, to rest on your new laurels. I'm sorry, but the world will not wait for you. The world needs you now.Today you have fulfilled one dream, and tomorrow you set course on a new one. If you always have a dream, the happiest day of your life is never over. Thank you and God Bless."