期末课后考试
Final Take Home Exam

从三个问题中选两个作答。请把答案长度控制在10张纸内，可双面书写。取得好成绩的一个关键是不要复述Amsden的话。要原创！
Answer 2 questions out of 3. Please do not write more than 10 double-spaced pages. A key to a good grade is not to regurgitate what the great Amsden said. Think originally!!!

1. 现在有一些发展中国家——韩国、台湾、中国沿海地区和印度的中产阶级等
   There are now some developing countries that have made it---Korea, Taiwan, coastal China, the Indian middle class, etc.
   • 殖民历史对这些国家的发展有影响吗？
     Did colonial history matter at all in these countries' development?
   • 从国外和国内来说，生产资料的所有权发挥着怎样的作用？
     To what extent did ownership of productive assets matter, in terms of foreign or local?
   • 在技术上，快速成长的不发达国家是否表现得和发展较慢国家不同？
     Do fast-growing LDCs behave differently technologically from slower growers?
   • 收入分配重要吗？
     Is income distribution an issue?
     
     
2. 政治经济其中一个伟大“法则”是相对优势。
   One of the great "Laws" of political economy is comparative advantage.
   • 什么是相对优势法则？它的假想是什么？
     What is the law? What are its assumptions?
   • 成功发展的国家和地区遵循这一法则吗？为什么？
     Did the successful developers follow the law? Why?
   • 在建立新产业上，成功的政府干预背后的原因和体制是什么呢？
     What were the reasons and institutions behind the successful intervention of governments to build new industries?
     
     
3. 今天，世界上最贫穷的国家正因为人口增长而导致输出量和每头牲畜的收入下降。
   The poorest countries in the world today tend to be experiencing falling output and per capita income due to rising population.
   • 微型企业有帮助这些国家吗？
     Have microenterprises helped such countries?
   • 加大“教育”投资能解决问题吗？
     Can more investments in "education" solve the problem?
   • 技术可以通过什么方式解决问题？
     In what ways, if any, could technology solve the problem?
   • 自由贸易起什么作用？
     What role could free trade play?