麻省理工学院“开放式课程网页” | 都市研究与计划 | 11.020 2003秋季课程：贫穷、公共政策和争议

课

课程单元

阅读资料

迎新介绍课；教学大纲，摘要卡，分析练习初阶
Orientation Session; Syllabus, Summary Sheet, Analytical Exercise

Ellwood, David.《穷人的支援》New York: Basic Books，1988
Ellwood, David. Poor Support. New York: Basic Books, 1988.

政策争议和价值在问题定义的作用
Policy Controversy and the Role of Values in Problem Definition

Mayer, Susan与Jencks, Christopher.《与贫穷作战：请不要道歉》， 《纽约时报》 编辑的话，1995,11,9（1页）
Mayer, Susan, and Jencks, Christopher. "War on Poverty: No Apologies, Please." Op-Ed. The New York Times, November 9, 1995. (1 pp.)

Murray,Charles.《福利癔病》《纽约时报》编辑的话，1995,11,14（1页）
Murray, Charles. "Welfare Hysteria." Op-Ed. The New York Times, November 14, 1995. (1 pp.)

Ellwood, David.《价值和援助的谜语》 《穷人的支援》第二章，New York: Basic Books, 1988,14-26页（共13页）
Ellwood, David. "Values and Helping Conundrums." Chapter 2 in Poor Support. New York: Basic Books, 1988, pp. 14-26. (13 pp.)

Sch?n, Donald与 Martin Rein.《架构冲突中的政策争议》 《架构的反思：探索解决政策争议的新途径》第二章。New York: Basic Books, 1993, 23-36页（共13页）
Schön, Donald, and Martin Rein. "Policy Controversies as Frame Conflicts." Chapter 2 in Frame-Reflection: Exploring New Approaches to the Resolution of Policy Controversies. New York: Basic Books, 1993, pp. 23-36. (13 pp.)

美国的贫穷概念和测量
The Concept and Measurement of Poverty in the United States

Blank,Rebecca.《绪论》和《美国提供安全网的努力》《以全国之力》第三章。Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997, 3-12页（共9页），和83-127页（共44页）
Blank, Rebecca. "Introduction," and "America's Efforts to Provide A Safety Net" (chapter 3). In It Takes a Nation. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997, pp. 3-12. (9 pp.), and pp. 83-127. (44 pp.)

Rein,Martin. 《界定和测量贫穷的问题》於Peter Towsend编辑《贫穷的概念》第二章，London: Heinemann, 1970, 46-63页（共18页）
Rein, Martin. "Problems in the Definition and Measurement of Poverty." Chapter 2 in The Concept of Poverty. Edited by Peter Towsend. London: Heinemann, 1970, pp. 46-63. (18 pp.)

Burtless, Gary, 与Sarah Siegel.〈医疗开销，健康保险和美国贫穷的测量〉The Brookings Institution, 2001年9月，摘要和1-13页（共13页）全篇论文在《信息资源规划（IRP）讨论文件-2001》。
Burtless, Gary, and Sarah Siegel. "Medical Spending, Health Insurance, and Measurement of American Poverty." The Brookings Institution, September 2001, abstract and pp. 1-13. (13 pp.) Entire paper available at IRP Discussion Papers - 2001.

Ruggles, Patricia.第二章和《第三章：设定贫穷的门槛》《划出界线》。Washington D.C.: Urban Institute Press, 1990, 33-62页（共29页）
Ruggles, Patricia. Chapter 2 and "Setting the Poverty Threshold," (chapter 3) in Drawing the Line. Washington D.C.: Urban Institute Press, 1990, pp. 33-62. (29 pp.)

贫穷概念形成和测量贫穷的其他方法
Other Approaches to Conceptualizing and Measuring Poverty

以能力论贫穷:
Poverty as Capability:
Cohen, Joshua. Amartya Sen (1992)《复查不平等》的书评，《哲学学报》(1995): 275-288
Cohen, Joshua. Book Review of Inequality Reexamined, by Amartya Sen (1992). The Journal of Philosophy (1995): 275-288.

Bell, Daniel.《关于英才管理和平等性》《公共利益》29(1972): 29-68
Bell, Daniel. "On Meritocracy and Equality." Public Interest 29 (1972): 29-68.

以排斥论贫穷：
Poverty as Exclusion:
Atkinson, Tony, Bea Cantillon, 与Brian Nolan.《欧盟的社会包含指标》Antwerp, 2001,86-106页（油印品）（20页）向「社会包含的指标：让共同的欧盟目标发挥作用」会议发表的报告。
Atkinson, Tony, Bea Cantillon, and Brian Nolan. "Indicators for Social Inclusion in the European Union." Antwerp, 2001, pp. 86-106 (mimeo). (20 pp.)
Report presented at Conference on "Indicators for Social Inclusion: Making Common EU Objectives Work."

关于贫穷的概念和测量的圆桌讨论（学生主持）
Roundtable Discussion on the Concept and Measurement of Poverty (student led)

扶贫计划的组织设计；责任的争议；公私合营的延续
Institutional Design of Poverty Programs: Controversy over Responsibility, the Public-Private Mix Continued

Offe, Claus.《制度设计》2000年3月（油印本）
Offe, Claus. "Institutional Design." March 2000 (mimeo).

Blank, Rebecca.《谁该帮助贫穷者？》《以全国之力：与贫穷作战的新议程》第5章。Princeton
Blank, Rebecca. "Who Should Help the Poor?" Chapter 5 in It Takes a Nation: A New Agenda for Fighting Poverty. Princeton NJ: Princeton/Russell Sage, 1997, pp. 191-219. (29 pp.)

Handler, Joel.评论Michael Katz著《在救济院的阴影下》《美国历史评论》15 (1987): 394-401.
Handler, Joel. Review of In the Shadow of the Poorhouse, by Michael Katz. From Reviews in American History 15 (1987): 394-401.

Rothman, David.《贫穷悖论》《发现庇护所：新共和国的社会秩序和混乱》Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1971, 155-180页 (共25页)
Rothman, David. "The Paradox of Poverty." Chapter 7 in The Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1971, pp. 155-180. (25 pp.)

Titmuss, Richard. 《福利的社会分层》《论福利国家》第2章New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959, 24-55页（共22页）
Titmuss, Richard. "Social Division of Welfare." Chapter 2 in Essays on the Welfare State. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959, pp. 34-55. (22 pp.)

养老金政策的公私合营争议
The Public Private Mix Controversy in Pension Policy

Krugman, Paul.《下沉的感觉》《纽约时报》2001, 9, 2.
Krugman, Paul. "That Sinking Feeling." The NY Times, 2 September, 2001.

社会服务政策的公私合营争议；牟利与非牟利（无宗教和有宗教为本）
The Public Private Mix Controversy in Social Service Policy: Profit and Non Profit (Non-Sectarian and Faith- Based)

Weisbrod, Burton编辑 《牟利或是非牟利》 Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998, 第1章1-22页和第15章287-305页(共39页)
Weisbrod, Burton, ed. To Profit or Not to Profit. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998, Chapters 1 and 15, pp. 1-22 and 287-305. (39 pp.)

Skocpol, T.《美国的宗教、公民社会和社会供给》於Bane等人编辑 《谁将供给》Boulder, CO.: Westview Press, 2001.
Skocpol, T. "Religion, Civil Society, and Social Provision in the U.S." In Who Will Provide. Edited by Bane, et. al. Boulder, CO.: Westview Press, 2001.

Tawney, R. H. 《扶贫新药》《宗教和资本主义的兴起》第4 章。New American Library, 1922, 237-254页(共17页)
Tawney, R. H. "The New Medicine for Poverty." Chapter 4 in Religion and the Rise of Capitalism. New American Library, 1922, pp. 237-254. (17 pp.)

Sawhill, Elizabeth. 《架构争论：以信仰为本解决少年怀孕的方法》（第2章），和DiIulio Jr. 与 John J.《真理和实践中的怜悯：华盛顿不能做出什么帮助》（第16章）於E. J. Dionne Jr, and Ming Hsu Chen编辑《圣地，公民意图：政府应否帮助以信仰为本的慈善机构》。The Brookings Institution. 19-28（共9页）和273-287（共14页）
Sawhill, Elizabeth. "Framing the Debate: Faith Based Approaches to Teenage Pregnancy," (chapter 2), and DiIulio Jr., John J. "Compassion in Truth and Action: What Washington Can Not Do to Help," (chapter 16). In Sacred Places, Civic Purposes: Should Government Help Faith-Based Charity? Edited by E. J. Dionne Jr, and Ming Hsu Chen. The Brookings Institution. 2001, pp. 19-28 (9 pp.) and 273-287. (14 pp.)

关于公私合营的圆桌讨论
Roundtable Discussion on the Public-Private Mix

下层阶级的争论
The Underclass Controversy

Winship, Chris. 《奇迹的结束？20世纪九十年代波士顿的犯罪，信仰和合伙》Harvard University, 2002..(26页)
Winship, Chris. "The End of the Miracle? Crime, Faith, and Partnership in Boston in the 1990's." Harvard University, 2002. (26 pp.)

评估和开始讨论下层阶级争议
Taking Stock and Starting Discussion of the Underclass Debate

Anderson, Elijah.《街头密码》W. W. Norton and Company, 1999, 35-105页.（可选：《体面的街头家庭》（第1章）和《为尊严而运动》（第2章）） (70页)
Anderson, Elijah. Code of the Streets. W. W. Norton and Company, 1999, pp. 35-105. (Optional: "Decent and Street Families," (chapter 1), and "Campaigning for Respect," (chapter 2).) (70 pp.)

Newman, Katherine S. 《真正弱势者的文化和结构》《城市和社会》1991, 3-23页（共20页）
Newman, Katherine S. "Culture and Structure in the Truly Disadvantaged." In City and Society, 1991, pp. 3-23. (20 pp.)

Wilson, William Julius. 《穷困的周期和贫民窟下层阶级的争论》《真正弱势者：贫民区，下等阶级和公共政策》Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987, 3-19页(共17页)
Wilson, William Julius. "Cycles of Deprivation and the Ghetto Underclass Debate." Chapter 1 in The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass and Public Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987, pp. 3-19. (17 pp.)

分析和写出阅读材料的论点
Analyzing and Writing Reading Arguments

Ramage, John D. 与John C. Bean. 《阅读论点的策略》《写出论点》第2章。波士顿：Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1995, 24-49.页(共25页)
Ramage, John D., and John C. Bean. "Strategies for Reading Arguments." Chapter 2 in Writing Arguments. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1995, pp. 24-49. (25 pp.)

向机会靠拢
Moving to Opportunity

Goering, John. 《政治的起源和对立》於Goering 和Feins编辑《选择更好的生活？评价向机会靠拢的试验》。Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute Press, 2003, 37-57页 (共20页)
Goering, John. "Political Origins and Opposition." In Choosing a Better Life? Evaluating the Moving to Opportunity Experiment. Edited by Goering and Feins. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute Press, 2003, pp. 37-57. (20 pp.)

De Sousa-Briggs, Xavier. 《在城市中废除种族隔离：从全球的角度来看空间和不平等性》於David Varady.编辑《在城市中废除种族隔离：孤立区可以，贫民窟不可以》。
De Sousa-Briggs, Xavier. "Desegregating the City: Space and Inequality in Global Perspective." In Desegregating the City: Enclaves Yes, Ghettos No. Edited by David Varady.

关于福利改革的争论
The Controversy over Welfare Reform

Ellwood, David T. 与Christopher Jencks. 《自1960年以来美国单亲家庭的扩散》 2001年8月1-97页（油印本）(共20页)
Ellwood, David T., and Christopher Jencks. "The Spread of Single-Parent Families in the United States Since 1960." August 2001, pp. 1-97. (mimeo) (20 pp.)

从比较性观点看「倚赖」
Dependency in a Comparative Perspective

Kertzer, David.《为荣誉而牺牲：意大利的婴儿遗弃和控制生育的政治》第 2章。波士顿：Beacon Press,1993,16-37页(共22页)
Kertzer, David. Chapter 2 in Sacrificed for Honor: Italian Infant Abandonment and the Politics of Reproductive Control. Boston: Beacon Press, 1993, pp. 16-37. (22 pp.)

Haskins, Ron. 《自由主义和保守主义对于1996年福利改革立法的影响》1998.
Haskins, Ron. "Liberal and Conservative Influences on the Welfare Reform Legislation of 1996." 1998.

Bernstein, Nina. 《很少人选择法定的庇护所遗弃婴儿》《纽约时报》，2001年8月31日Bernstein, Nina. "Few Choose Legal Havens to Abandon Babies." The NY Times, August 31, 2001.

Rein, Martin《统治，竞争和重构》於A. Ben-Arieh和J. Gal编辑《进入希望之乡？福利国家面对的问题》 Westport, CT: Praeger,2000年9月
Rein, Martin "Dominance, Contest and Reframing." In Into The Promised Land? Issues Facing the Welfare State. Edited by A. Ben-Arieh, and J. Gal. Westport, CT: Praeger, September 2000.

美国福利体系的改革
The American Reform of its Welfare System

Weaver, R. Kent. 《结束如我们所知的福利》於Margaret Weir编辑《社会的分割》第9章.。Brookings Institution Press, 1998, 361-416（共57页）
Weaver, R. Kent. "Ending Welfare as We Know It." Chapter 9 in The Social Divide. Edited by Margaret Weir. The Brookings Institution Press, 1998, pp. 361-416. (57 pp.)

Bane, Mary Jo与David T. Ellwood.《福利现实：从花言巧语到改革》Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1994,1-27页( 共28页)
Bane, Mary Jo, and David T. Ellwood. Welfare Realities: From Rhetoric to Reform. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1994, pp. 1-27. (28 pp.)

关于福利改革的圆桌讨论
Roundtable Discussion of Welfare Reform

政治性剥夺公民权利<>Political Disenfranchisement

Marris, Peter与Martin Rein. 《序言》，《绪论》和《根本的假定》（第2章）《社会改革的两难选择》，1982，vii-6和33-55页(共35页)
Marris, Peter, and Martin Rein. "Preface," "Introduction," and "The Underlying Assumptions," (chapter 2). In Dilemmas of Social Reform. 1982, pp. vii-6 and pp. 33-55. (35 pp.)

Pitkin, Bill. 《邻里计划和集体行动的政治》UCLA School of Policy and Social Research, 2001, 38页
Pitkin, Bill. "The Politics of Neighborhood Planning and Collective Action." UCLA School of Policy and Social Research, 2001, p. 38.

经济增长：贫穷和智商的争论
Economic Growth: Poverty and the I.Q. Controversy

Blank, Rebecca. 《变化中的经济》《以全国之力：与贫穷作战的新议程》第2章，Princeton NJ: Princeton/Russell Sage, 1997 (31页)
Blank, Rebecca. "A Changing Economy." Chapter 2 in It Takes a Nation: A New Agenda for Fighting Poverty. Princeton NJ: Princeton/Russell Sage, 1997. (31 pp.)

Gottschalk, Peter. 《不平等，收入增长和流通性：基本事实》《经济视点学报》第11期，第 2号 (1997): 21-40页 (共22页)
Gottschalk, Peter. "Inequality, Income Growth, and Mobility: The Basic Facts." Journal of Economic Perspectives 11, no. 2 (1997): 21-40. (22 pp.)

Dalaker, Joseph. 《2000年美国的贫穷》美国人口普查局近期人口报告，2001年9月，1-28页，(共29 页)
Dalaker, Joseph. "Poverty in the United States: 2000." U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Report, September 2001, pp. 1-28. (29 pp.)

关于政治性剥夺公民权利的争论：贫穷被认为是缺乏权力
The Controversy of Political Disenfranchisement: Poverty as a Lack of Power

关于下层阶级争论的圆桌讨论：犯罪歧途和贫穷
Crime Deviance and Poverty Roundtable Discussion on the Underclass Debate

Wilson, James Q.《刑事学家》《思考犯罪》第3章，New York: Basic Books, 1975,47-70页(共23页)
Wilson, James Q. "Criminologists." Chapter 3 in Thinking About Crime. New York: Basic Books, 1975, pp. 47-70. (23 pp.)

Kennedy, David, M. 《拉动杠杆：惯犯，犯罪高发背景和预防理论》，《瓦尔帕莱索大学法律评论》第31, 期，第2号 (1997年): 449-484页 (共36页)
Kennedy, David, M. "Pulling Levers: Chronic Offenders, High-Crime Settings, and the Theory of Prevention." Valparaiso University Law Review 31, no. 2 (1997): 449-484. (36 pp.)

Lin, Ann Chih. 《犯罪和贫穷》为Gwendolyn Mink和 Alice J. O'Connor.编辑《美国的贫穷和社会福利：百科全书》撰写， ABC-Clio. (即将出版)
Lin, Ann Chih. "Crime and Poverty." Prepared for Poverty and Social Welfare in America: An Encyclopedia. Edited by Gwendolyn Mink and Alice J. O'Connor. ABC-Clio. (Forthcoming)

DiIulio, John, Jr. 《黑人犯罪问题》《公共利益》 117期 (1994年): 3-40. 页 (共37页)
DiIulio, John, Jr. "The Question of Black Crime." The Public Interest 117 (1994): 3-40. (37 pp.)

经济的力量
Economic Power

Gittell, Ross与J. Phillip Thompson. 《贫民区的商业发展和创业精神：政策和研究的新前沿》於Ronald Ferguson和William Dickens编辑《城市问题和社区发展》，Washington D. C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1999, 473-520页 (共48页)
Gittell, Ross, and J. Phillip Thompson. "Inner-City Business Development and Entrepreneurship: New Frontiers for Policy and Research." In Urban Problems and Community Development. Edited by Ronald Ferguson and William Dickens. Washington D. C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1999, pp. 473-520. (48 pp.)

关于剥夺公民权利的圆桌讨论
Roundtable Discussion on Disenfranchisement

社会科学对争论的贡献
Social Science Contribution to Controversy

Weaver, R. Kent. 《政策研究的作用》 《结束我们所知的福利》第6章，Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 2000, 135-168页 (共34页)
Weaver, R. Kent. "The Role of Policy Research." Chapter 6 in Ending Welfare as We Know It. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 2000, pp. 135-168. (34 pp.)

O'Connor, Alice.《贫穷知识：二十世纪美国历史的社会科学，社会政策和贫穷者》Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 2001, 3-22页 (共20页)
O'Connor, Alice. Poverty Knowledge: Social Science, Social Policy, and the Poor in Twentieth-Century U.S. History. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 2001, pp. 3-22. (20 pp.)

Bane, Mary Jo. 会长演辞：《专家之见，鼓吹和商讨：福利改革的教训》《政策分析和管理学报》第20期, ，第2号(2001年): 191-197页(共9页)
Bane, Mary Jo. Presidential Address - "Expertise, Advocacy and Deliberation: Lessons from Welfare Reform." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 20, no. 2 (2001): 191-197. (9 pp.)

Lindblom, Charles E. 《知识和社会问题》《质询和改变：理解和塑造社会的杂乱无章的尝试》第一章，New York: Yale University Press/Russel Sage, 1990, 1-14页 (共15页)
Lindblom, Charles E. "Knowledge and Social Problems." Chapter 1 in Inquiry and Change: The Troubled Attempt to Understand and Shape Society. New York: Yale University Press/Russel Sage, 1990, pp. 1-14. (15 pp.)