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以下凡注有"S&S"的即参询： Singleton, R. A., Jr., 与 Bruce C. Straits. 《社会研究的方法》第三版。New York: Oxford University Press, 1999。 ISBN: 0195105257。Wherever "S&S" is mentioned below, it refers to: Singleton, R. A., Jr., and Bruce C. Straits. Approaches to Social Research. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN: 0195105257.
相关阅读资料（见额外书籍）：Course readings (See additional books below):
| 1 |
介绍与研究过程：想法与证据Introduction and the Research Process: Ideas and Evidence |
Bailyn, Lotte. 〈研究如同认知过程〉，《质与量》。 11 (1977): 97-117页。Bailyn, Lotte. "Research as a cognitive process." Quality and Quantity 11 (1977): 97-117.
S&S, 第四章
S&S, Chapter 4
Ragin, Charles.《建构社会研究》。 Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 1994, 第三章。 ISBN: 0803990219。
Ragin, Charles. Constructing Social Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 1994, chapter 3. ISBN: 0803990219. |
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理论是什么What is Theory
理解资料
Making Sense of Data |
Lave, Charles A., 与James G. March.〈推测的介绍〉，与〈推测的评估〉。 《社会科学模式的介绍》第二、三章。Lave, Charles A., and James G. March. "An Introduction to Speculation" and "The Evaluation of Speculations" . Chapters 2 and 3 in An Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1993. ISBN: 0819183814.
Merton, Robert K，〈在社会学理论上的中间范围〉，摘自《社会理论与社会结构》。 New York: The Free Press, 1968, 39-53 页。 ISBN: 0029211301。
Merton, Robert K. "On Sociological Theories of the Middle Range." In Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: The Free Press, 1968, pp. 39-53. ISBN: 0029211301.
Hedstrom, Peter, 与Richard Swedberg. 〈社会机制：介绍的短文〉，摘自《社会机制：以分析方法探讨社会理论》 Peter Hedstrom, 与Richard Swedberg主编。 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, 1-31页。 ISBN: 0521596874。Hedström, Peter, and Richard Swedberg. "Social Mechanisms: An Introductory Essay." In Social Mechanisms: An Analytical Approach to Social Theory. Edited by Peter Hedström, and Richard Swedberg. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 1-31. ISBN: 0521596874.
课堂讨论
Discussion of Exercise |
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研究道德Research Ethics
图书馆介绍
Introduction to the Library |
审查MIT以人做为研究对象的政策与程序，并确定你必须如何遵从MIT的政策以进行你的研究专案。Examine the MIT policies and procedures for research on human subjects and determine what you will have to do to comply with MIT policies in order to carry out your research project.
Kifner, John. 〈学者引发美食假警报〉，《纽约时报》，2001年九月8日
Kifner, John. "Scholar Sets Off Gastronomic False Alarm." New York Times, September 8, 2001.
原文：http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9802EED61E39F93BA3575AC0A9679C8B63
Milgram, Stanley. 〈对权威听从与否的一些条件〉，《人际关系》18 (1965): 57-75页。
Milgram, Stanley. "Some conditions of obedience and disobedience to authority." Human Relations 18 (1965): 57-75.
Scarr, Sandra. 〈在心理学上种族与性别的变数：社会与道德问题〉，《美国心理学家》43 (1988): 56-59页。
Scarr, Sandra. "Race and Gender as Psychological Variables: Social and Ethical Issues." American Psychologist 43 (1988): 56-59.
S&S, 十七章
S&S, Chapter 17 |
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试验与测量的逻辑、有效性、与可靠性Logic of Experimentation and Measurement, Validity, and Reliability |
S&S, 第五与七章S&S, Chapters 5 and 7
Zelditch, Morris. 〈你真的能在实验室中研究一个团体吗？〉，在《社会学上有关复杂组织的读物》。 Amitai Etzioni 编辑。 New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1961, 528-539 页。 ISBN: 0030474612。
Zelditch, Morris. "Can you really study an army in a laboratory?" In A Sociological Reader on Complex Organizations. Edited by Amitai Etzioni. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1961, pp. 528-539. ISBN: 0030474612.
Kray, L. J., L. Thompson, 与A. Galinsky，〈两性之争：在协商中对性别刻板模式的认可与反应〉，《个性与社会心理学期刊》, 80 (2001): 942-958页。
Kray, L. J., L. Thompson, and A. Galinsky. "Battle of the sexes: Gender stereotype confirmation and reactance in negotiations." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80 (2001): 942-958.
Cohen, Bernard. 〈概念与观察的关联〉，《发展社会学的知识》第八章。 1989。 ISBN: 0830411232。
Cohen, Bernard. "Tying Concepts to Observations." Chapter 8 in Developing Sociological Knowledge. 1989. ISBN: 0830411232.
Becker, Howard S. 〈概念〉，《行家的技巧: 如何边想边做你的研究》第四章。 Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998。 ISBN: 0226041239。
Becker, Howard S. "Concepts." Chapter 4 in Tricks of the Trade: How to Think About Your Research While You're Doing It. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. ISBN: 0226041239. |
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类似的实验Quasi-Experiments
专案提案
Project Proposals |
Judd, Charles M., Eliot R. Smith, 与Louise H. Kidder. 《社会关系的研究方法》。 Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1991, 101-123页。 ISBN: 0030311497。Judd, Charles M., Eliot R. Smith, and Louise H. Kidder. Research Methods in Social Relations. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1991, pp. 101-123. ISBN: 0030311497.
Goldthorpe, John H. 〈因果关系，统计，与社会学〉， 《欧洲社会学上的评论》17 (2001): 1-20页。
Goldthorpe, John H. "Causation, Statistics & Sociology." European Sociological Review 17 (2001): 1-20.
Bendersky, Corrine。 〈解决争论系统的成功度： 互补与斡旋者〉， 未发表论文, UCLA, 2003。
Bendersky, Corrine. "Dispute resolution system effectiveness: complementarities and mediators." Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, 2003. |
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详尽阐述：因果关系与因果结论Elaboration: Causality and Causal Inference |
Agresti, Alan, 与Barbara Finlay。 《社会科学的统计方法》。 San Francisco: Dellen Publishing, 1986, 292-305页。 ISBN: 0023011203 。Agresti, Alan, and Barbara Finlay. Statistical Methods for the Social Sciences. San Francisco: Dellen Publishing, 1986, pp. 292-305. ISBN: 0023011203 .
Baron, Reuben M., 与David A. Kenny. ，〈在社会心理学研究上中介变数的区别〉，《人格与社会心理学期刊》, 51 (1986): 1173-1182页。
Baron, Reuben M., and David A. Kenny. "The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 (1986): 1173-1182. |
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作业一Assignment I
注意：椄下来会有很多作业，最好从这个礼拜开始着手
Note: Heavy assignment coming up - good to start this week
贵宾讲师
Visitor
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分析的单位与层次Units and Levels of Analysis
样本选择的问题
Sampling Selection Issues
常见问题与障碍
Common Problems and Pitfalls |
Babbie, Earl R. 《社会研究实作》。 Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co。, 1997, 92-104页。 ISBN: 053450468X。Babbie, Earl R. The Practice of Social Research. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1997, pp. 92-104. ISBN: 053450468X.
S&S, 第六章S&S, Chapter 6
Berk, Richard A. 〈在社会学数据中样本选择偏见的介绍〉，《美国社会学上的评论》48 (1983): 386-398页。
Berk, Richard A. "An Introduction to Sample Selection Bias in Sociological Data." American Sociological Review 48 (1983): 386-398.
Lieberson, Stanley. 〈选择性〉，量化的反思：《重探社会研究的逻辑》第二章。 Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1985。 ISBN: 0520053508。
Lieberson, Stanley. "Selectivity." Chapter 2 in Making it Count. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1985. ISBN: 0520053508.
（中文译本：陈孟君（译），1996，量化的反思：重探社会研究的逻辑。台北：巨流。）
Kolata, Gina. 〈赫尔蒙研究：错在那？〉，《纽约时报》，2003年四月22日。
Kolata, Gina. "Hormone Studies: What Went Wrong?" New York Times, April 22, 2003.
原文：http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE1DF103AF931A15757C0A9659C8B63&sec=health
King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane, 与Sidney Verba，〈了解该避免什么〉，摘自《社会探究的设计》第五章。 Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994。 ISBN: 0691034710。
King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba. "Understanding What to Avoid." Chapter 5 in Designing Social Inquiry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994. ISBN: 0691034710.
额外阅读:Optional:
Rousseau, Denise，〈组织研究中层次的问题〉， 《组织行为的研究》 7 (1985): 1-37页。Rousseau, Denise. "Issues of Level in Organizational Research." Research in Organizational Behavior 7 (1985): 1-37. |
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实证论与非实证论Positivism and Non - Positivism
做学术贡献
Making a Contribution |
Popper, Karl R. 〈一些基本问题的调查〉，摘自《科学新发现的逻辑》第一章。 New York: Science Editions, Inc。, 1961。Popper, Karl R. "A Survey of Some Fundamental Problems." Chapter 1 in The Logic of Scientific Discovery. New York: Science Editions, Inc., 1961.
Dougherty, Deborah. 〈建立扎根理论：一些原则与应用〉，摘自《Blackwell 组织指南》。J. A. C. Baum 编辑. Blackwell Publishers, 2002, 849-867页。 ISBN: 0631216944。
Dougherty, Deborah. "Building Grounded Theory: Some Principles and Practices." In The Blackwell Companion to Organizations. Edited by J. A. C. Baum. Blackwell Publishers, 2002, pp. 849-867. ISBN: 0631216944.
McGrath, Joseph E., Janie R. Kelly, 与Jean E. Rhodes. 〈从女性主义的观点看研究方法：一些衍生理论的问题、对比、与选择〉，《现代社会的性别问题》第二章 。 S. Oskamp, 与M. Costanzo 编辑。 Sage, 1993。 ISBN: 0803952295。
McGrath, Joseph E., Janie R. Kelly, and Jean E. Rhodes. "A feminist perspective on research methodology: Some metatheoretical issues, contrasts, and choices." Chapter 2 in Gender Issues in Contemporary Society. Edited by S. Oskamp, and M. Costanzo. Sage, 1993. ISBN: 0803952295.
McGrath, Joseph E., Joanne Martin, 与Richard A. Kulka，〈研究中在做决定时一些类似的准则〉，《研究上做决定》第四章。 J. E. McGrath, J. Martin, 与R. A. Kulka 编辑。 Sage, 1982。 ISBN: 0803918747。
McGrath, Joseph E., Joanne Martin, and Richard A. Kulka. "Some quasi-rules for making judgment calls in research." Chapter 4 in Judgment Calls in Research. Edited by J. E. McGrath, J. Martin, and R. A. Kulka. Sage, 1982. ISBN: 0803918747.
Wagner, David G., 与Joseph Berger，〈社会学的理论在扩展吗？〉，《美国社会学期刊》90 (1985): 697-728页。
Wagner, David G., and Joseph Berger. "Do Sociological Theories Grow?" American Journal of Sociology 90 (1985): 697-728. |
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专案的最新消息Project Updates
贵宾讲师
Visitor |
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研究的完成：实做时的问题Getting it Done: Issues in Doing It
贵宾讲师
Visitor |
Stinchcombe, Arthur L., 与Richard Ofshe，〈编辑期刊如同成算过程〉，《美国社会学家》 4 (1969): 116-117页。Stinchcombe, Arthur L., and Richard Ofshe. "On Journal Editing as a Probabilistic Process." The American Sociologist 4 (1969): 116-117.
Stinchcombe, Arthur L. 〈进退两难及其他各种毛病〉，摘自《阶层化与组织》。 A. L. Stinchcombe 编辑。 New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986, 271-281页。 ISBN: 0521325889。
Stinchcombe, Arthur L. "On Getting 'Hung-Up' and Other Assorted Illnesses." In Stratification and Organization. Edited by A. L. Stinchcombe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986, pp. 271-281. ISBN: 0521325889.
Becker, Howard S. 〈人物角色与权威〉，《社会科学家写作的文体》第二章。 Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986。 ISBN: 0226041085。
Becker, Howard S. "Persona and Authority." Chapter 2 in Writing for Social Scientists. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986. ISBN: 0226041085.
Buchanan, David, 等，〈开始、进展、放弃、与东山再起〉，摘自《在组织中作研究》。 A. Bryman 编辑。 Routledge, 1988, 53-67页。 ISBN: 0415002583。
Buchanan, David, et. al. "Getting in, getting on, getting out, and getting back." In Doing Research in Organizations. Edited by A. Bryman. Routledge, 1988, pp. 53-67. ISBN: 0415002583. |
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专案报告Project Presentations |
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额外书籍Additional Books
King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane, 与 Sidney Verba，《社会探究的设计》。 Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994。
一本对研究设计上一些棘手问题有用的书
King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba. Designing Social Inquiry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.
A useful book on some tricky issues in research design.
Miller, D. C. 《研究设计与社会测量手册》第四版。 New York: Longman, 1983。
一本在研究资讯上有用的摘要，其中包括资料收集的方法、统计、现有的量表与测量、补助资金来源、与发表出路等。
Miller, D. C. Handbook of Research Design and Social Measurement. 4th ed. New York: Longman, 1983.
A useful compendium of information on research, including methods of data collection, statistics, available scales and measures, sources of funding, publication outlets, etc.
Loether, H. J., 与D. G. McTavish，《社会学家的描述统计：一个介绍》。Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1974对描述一个变数、两个变数、及三个或更多个变数数据的逻辑做了观察的一本好书。对现有不同的测量、以及何时与如何使用它们也做了明白的交代。
Loether, H. J., and D. G. McTavish. Descriptive Statistics for Sociologists: An Introduction. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1974.
A wonderful book that goes into the logic of describing data, with one variable, two variables, and three or more variables. Gives lucid descriptions of the various measures available and when and how they should be used.
Abelson, R. P. 《统计如同根据原则的论点》。 Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1995。
一本不寻常的书。它并没有讨论统计的技术，而对统计检定的逻辑及其在研究过程中的用法做了极好的解说。
Abelson, R. P. Statistics as Principled Argument. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1995.
An unusual book that does not go into statistical techniques but gives a wonderful way of understanding the logic of statistical testing and its use in the research process.
Robinson, J. P., P. R.. Shaver, L. S. Wrightman, 与 F. M. Andrews。 《性格与社会心理测量总览》。 San Diego: Academic Press, 1991。
有关用于此领域中的量表、测量的经典摘要，包括一些文献探讨。同一位第一作者曾出过讨论政治态度、职业态度与特质的一册书，但是它们相当老了。
Robinson, J. P., P. R. Shaver, L. S. Wrightman, and F. M. Andrews. Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes. San Diego: Academic Press, 1991.
A classic compendium of scales and measures used in these areas, including some review essays. There are also earlier volumes by the same first author on political attitudes and occupational attitudes and characteristics, but they are fairly old.
译注：本书有中译本。杨中芳（译）。性格与 社会心理测量总览。台北：远流。全书上册共有七章，主要用于测量人的情感，包括幸福感、自尊、社交焦虑感及疏离感等；下册共五章，主要测量人的信念、态度及特质，包括人际信任、控制源、权威主义、性别角色及价值观。>http://www。books。com。tw/exep/prod/booksfile。php?item=0010166936
Miles, M. B., 与A. M. Huberman，《定性资料分析：资料来源的一个增订本》第二版。Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1998。
定性研究中常引用的经典之作。
Miles, M. B., and A. M. Huberman. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1994.
A classic and often used source for qualitative analysis.
另见 Bickman, L. J., 与 D. J. Rog, eds，《应用社会的研究方法手册》。Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1998。
一本实用的摘要，其中包括各种研究方法的论文。
See also Bickman, L. J., and D. J. Rog, eds. Handbook of Applied Social Research Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1998.
A useful compendium of articles of all kinds of research methods.
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