概述
Overview
有三篇各7页长的论文作业，探究课堂上讨论的主题。
There will be three seven-page paper assignments exploring topics discussed in class.
作业 #1
Assignment #1
就下列问题之一，写一篇7页长的论文，双倍行距。
Write about 7 double-spaced pages on ONE of the following:
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Michael Walzer对轰炸广岛和长崎有什么评论？你同意他的观点吗？为什么？
What is Michael Walzer's critique of the decision to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Do you agree with him (and why)?
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现在你读了关于Smithsonian展览的争论，并且知道了二战老兵，广岛幸存者等人的不同观点，你是否相信有可能对轰炸广岛和长崎的决定作出客观描述？如果是这样，解释为何（和如何）？如果不是的话，这是否说所有原爆的描述都是相等的？
Now that you have read about the controversy surrounding the Smithsonian exhibit, and have been exposed to the different viewpoints of World War II veterans, Hiroshima survivors etc, do you believe that it is possible to give an objective account of the decision to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki? If so, explain why (and how). If not, does that mean that all accounts of the bombing are equal?
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机密和军事赞助对美国科学产生了什么影响？
What have been the effects of secrecy and military sponsorship on American science?
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企业赞助科学研究有什么后果？是否需要新政策将这样的后果减至最小？如果是，是什么政策？
What are the consequences of corporate sponsorship of scientific research? Are new policies needed to minimize such consequences and, if so, what policies?
学生论文范例
Example Student Papers
权衡功利主义的计算（由Eric Downes提供。获允许使用。）
Weighing Utilitarian Calculation (Courtesy of Eric Downes. Used with permission.)
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
美国科学中的机密和军事（由Charles Carter Jernigan提供。获允许使用。）
Secrecy and the Military in American Science (Courtesy of Charles Carter Jernigan. Used with permission.)
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
作业 #2
Assignment #2
就下列问题之一，写一篇7页长的论文，双倍行距。
Write 7 double-spaced pages on ONE of the following:
-
「哥伦比亚号」事故是不是“正常的事故”？这是否意味不能预防？
Was the Columbia accident a "normal accident"? Does this mean it could not have been prevented?
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描述Tuskegee的试验或是John Marks描述的众多试验。从哪种意义上说，这些是不道德的？尽管试验不道德，是什么让试验得以进行？可随意在讨论中适当引入其它试验。
Write about either the Tuskegee experiment OR the experiments described by John Marks. In what sense were they unethical? What made it possible for the experiments to proceed despite their immorality? Feel free to bring in discussion of other experiments as appropriate.
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怎样使科学更加民主－或者这个目标是不必要的，或是对进步科学的破坏？
How can science be made more democratic -- or is this goal either unnecessary or destructive to good science?
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（给胆子大的）：风险和科学有什么关系？
(For the ambitious): What is the relationship between risk and science?
学生论文范例
Example Student Papers
Tuskegee 的梅毒试验 （由Eric Downes提供。允许使用。）
The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment (Courtesy of Eric Downes. Used with permission.)
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
科学民主化：公众参与科学议题的过程及其成功（由Christine Ortiz提供。允许使用。）
Democratizing Science: Processes for the involvement of the public in scientific issues and their success (Courtesy of Christine Ortiz. Used with permission.)
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
科学和风险（由Charles Carter Jernigan提供。允许使用。）
Science and Risk (Courtesy of Charles Carter Jernigan. Used with permission.)
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
中央情报局寻求意识控制的药物和Wendell Johnson的怪物研究（由Adrienne Hunacek提供，允许使用。）
The CIA's Quest for a Mind Control Drug and Wendell Johnson's Monster Study (Courtesy of Adrienne Hunacek. Used with permission.)
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
哥伦比亚号：这是否正常的事故？（由匿名学生提供。允许使用。）
Columbia: was it a Normal Accident? (Courtesy of anonymous student. Used with permission.)
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
科学风险的科学（由Solomon Hsiang提供。允许使用。）
The Science of the Risk of Science (Courtesy of Solomon Hsiang. Used with permission.)
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
科学民主化和科技决策（由匿名学生提供。允许使用。）
Democratization of Science and Technology Policymaking (Courtesy of anonymous student. Used with permission.)
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
作业#3
Assignment #3
写一篇社论风格的文章，讨论最后三份一课程的任何议题。
Write an op-ed style article on any issue pertinent to the last third of the class.
学生论文范例
Example Student Papers
肾移植（由Kevin Yurkerwich提供。允许使用。）
Kidney Transplants (Courtesy of Kevin Yurkerwich. Used with permission.)
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
世界可从肾买卖合法化得到好处（由匿名学生提供。允许使用。）
The World Can Benefit from Legalization of Kidney Sales (Courtesy of anonymous student. Used with permission.)
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
买卖器官能够拯救生命（由Joanna MacKay提供。允许使用。）
Organ Sales Will Save Live(Courtesy of Joanna MacKay. Used with permission.)s
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
为什么和大自然开玩笑？（由匿名学生提供。允许使用。）
Why Play With Nature? (Courtesy of anonymous student. Used with permission.)
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
胚胎干细胞研究应否被允许进行？（Christopher Waits提供。允许使用。）
Should Embryonic Stem Cell Research be Permitted to Continue? (Courtesy of Christopher Waits. Used with permission.)
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
内部不同意见（Mandeep Singh提供。允许使用。）
Dissent from Within (Courtesy of Mandeep Singh. Used with permission.)
(英文PDF)、
(英文DOC)
