此学期研究报告占总成绩的40%。报告内容应该包括：全文主题的概要说明、正文部分对主题展开论述、结论。在课程的最后一次课的课堂上提交。
The term paper counts as 40% of the course grade. It should contain a short introduction presenting an overview of the topic, a main part developing and discussing the key ideas, and a conclusion. It is due during the last lecture, in class.

学期研究报告相关主题的参考文献
Topics Suggestions for Term Paper References

以 1), 2)等标识的主题将以课程各部分的顺序加以分类。论文以创新和可读的原则自由选择。我尽量列出一些大部分读者感兴趣的文章。
Suggested topics numbered by 1), 2) etc. are grouped into categories corresponding to different parts of the course. The papers are selected according to a combination of the novelty and readability criteria applied quite freely. I tried to keep in the list only the papers which one can enjoy reading.


超导
Superconductivity

1. Abrikosov, A. A. 〈涡旋和磁通量量子化〉 (2003, 诺贝尔奖) 《实验与理论物理学报》 5 (1957): 1174.涡流和磁通量量子化
   Ginzburg-Landau equation 相关背景知识材料可以在 M. Thinkham 的书《超导导论》中找到。
   Abrikosov, A. A. "Vortices and Magnetic Flux Quantization." (2003, Nobel prize) Sov. Phys. JETP 5 (1957): 1174.
   Useful background material on Ginzburg-Landau equation can be found in the book by M. Tinkham, Introduction to Superconductivity.
   
   
2. 〈BCS理论广义与非零轨道动量及自旋配对〉
   Pitaevskii, L. P. 《实验与理论物理学报》 10 (1960): 1267;
   Thouless, D. J. 《物理年刊》 10 (1960): 553. New York;
   Brueckner, K. A., T. Soda, P. W. Anderson, 与 P. Morel. 《物理》修订版 118 (1960): 1442.
   "BCS Theory Generalized to Pairing with Nonzero Orbital Momentum and Spin."
   Pitaevskii, L. P. Sov. Phys. JETP 10 (1960): 1267;
   Thouless, D. J. Ann Phys 10 (1960): 553. New York;
   Brueckner, K. A., T. Soda, P. W. Anderson, and P. Morel. Phys. Rev. 118 (1960): 1442.
   
   
3. 〈非等项对中，氦三液体里MicroKelvin传输的实验观察解说。〉(2003 诺贝尔奖)
   Leggett, A. J. 《物理》修订版通信. 29 (1972): 1227;
   Leggett, A. J. 《物理》修订版通信. 31 (1973): 352;
   Leggett, A. J. 《物理学报》 C6 (1973): 3187.
   "The Interpretation of the Experimental Observations of a MicroKelvin Transition in Liquid 3He in Terms of Anisotropic Pairing." (2003, Nobel prize)
   Leggett, A. J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 29 (1972): 1227;
   Leggett, A. J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 31 (1973): 352;
   Leggett, A. J. J. Phys. C6 (1973): 3187.

宏观系统中的隧道现象
Tunneling in Macroscopic Systems

1. Affleck, I. 〈隧道现象和热活动逃脱的一个统一性描述。，《物理》修订版通信. 46 (1981): 388.
   Affleck, I. "A Unified Description of Tunneling and Thermally Activated Escape." Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 (1981): 388.
   
   Keldysh, L. V., V. Melnikov, 与 B. Ivlev. 〈考虑在复杂时间的轨道项中，外在周期场的隧道现象仿真〉《实验与理论物理学报》.
   Keldysh, L. V., V. Melnikov, and B. Ivlev. "Tunneling Stimulated by an External Periodic Field Considered in Terms of Trajectories in Complex Time." Sov. Phys. JETP.
   
   
2. 〈场论中的隧道和逃脱现象〉
   Coleman, S. 《物理》修订版. D15 (1977): 2829;
   Callan, C., 与 S. Coleman. 《物理》修订版 D16 (1977): 1762.
   "Tunneling and Escape in Field Theory."
   Coleman, S. Phys. Rev. D15 (1977): 2829;
   Callan, C., and S. Coleman. Phys. Rev. D16 (1977): 1762.

量子耗散力学
Quantum Mechanics with Dissipation

1. 〈量子耗散的Brownian Walks和传动力学〉
   Schmid, A. 《物理》修订版通信 15 (1983): 1506;
   Fisher and Zwerger. 《物理》修订版 B32 (1985): 6190.
   "Quantum Dissipative Brownian Walks and Driven Dynamics."
   Schmid, A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 15 (1983): 1506;
   Fisher and Zwerger. Phys Rev B32 (1985): 6190.
   
   Schmid, A. 〈耗散量子力学和古典Langevin力学关系的教学法讨论〉《物理年刊》 (New York) 170 (1986): 333.
   Schmid, A. "A very Pedagogical Discussion of the Relation Between Dissipative Quantum Dynamics and Classical Langevin Dynamics." Ann. Phys. (New York) 170 (1986): 333.
   
   
2. 〈耗散源的费米液体。重粒子在费米液体中的移动〉
   Josephson和Lekner在七零年代早期首先考虑到这个问题，辩论很长一段时间直到观念相同。目前情况由最近的 A. Rosch《物理》修订版总结。
   "Fermi-liquid as a Dissipative Bath. Heavy Particle Moving in Fermi-liquid."
   This problem was first considered by Josephson and Lekner in early 70's and then argued about for a long time until the views converged. The current situation is summarized in a recent review by A. Rosch, Phys. Rep.
   
   Anderson, P. W. 〈正规事件〉，《物理》修订版通信. 18 (1967): 1049.
   Anderson, P. W. "Orthogonality Catastrophe." Phys. Rev. Lett. 18 (1967): 1049.

费米液体问题
The Fermi liquid Problem

1. Landau, L. D. 〈动态方程趋近〉《实验与理论物理学报》 3 (1956): 920; 5 (1957): 101.
   Landau, L. D. "Kinetic Equation Approach." Sov. Phys. JETP 3 (1956): 920; 5 (1957): 101.
   
   Pomeranchuk, I. Ya. 〈蓝道费米液体与自发性费米表面破坏的不稳定性〉，《实验与理论物理学报》 8 (1959): 535.
   Pomeranchuk, I. Ya. "Instabilities of Landau Fermi-liquid via Spontaneous Fermi Surface Deformations." Sov. Phys. JETP 8 (1959): 535.
   
   
2. Tomonaga玻色子的电子电洞激发；费米液体的震荡表示。
   Sawada, K. 《物理》修订版 106 (1957): 372;
   Sawada, K., et. al. 《物理》修订版 108 (1957): 507;
   Wentzel, G. 《物理》修订版. 108 (1957): 1593.
   Particle-hole Excitations as Tomonaga Bosons; Oscillator Representation of Fermi-liquid.
   Sawada, K. Phys. Rev. 106 (1957): 372;
   Sawada, K., et. al. Phys Rev 108 (1957): 507;
   Wentzel, G. Phys. Rev. 108 (1957): 1593.

康多问题
The Kondo Problem

1. Anderson, P. W., G. Yuval, 与 D. R. Hamann. 〈对数的Kink作用的再正常化群〉 《物理》修订版. B1 (1970): 4464.
   (可参阅 Anderson, P. W. 〈凝态物理的基本概念〉)
   Anderson, P. W., G. Yuval, and D. R. Hamann. "Renormalization Group from Logarithmic Kink Interaction." Phys. Rev. B1 (1970): 4464.
   (see also Anderson, P. W. "Basic Notions of Condensed Matter Physics.")
   
   
2. Abrikosov, A. A. 〈图表计算上的再正常化群，关于准费米表示的康多自旋〉《物理》修订版 2 (1965): 5;
   亦可见Suhl, H. 《物理》修订版 138 (1965): A515;
   Abrikosov的书《金属物质基本理论》中也有讨论。
   Abrikosov, A. A. "Renormalization Group from Diagrammatic Calculations with Kondo Spin Represented by a Pseudofermion." Physics 2 (1965): 5;
   also Suhl, H. Phys. Rev. 138 (1965): A515;
   see also a discussion in Abrikosov's book Fundamentals of the Theory of Metals.
   
   
3. Read, N. 〈大N计算〉《物理学报》. C18 (1985): 2651;
   可参阅Hewson, A. C.的书《重费米子的康多问题》。
   Read, N. "Large N Calculation." J. Phys. C18 (1985): 2651;
   also see a book by Hewson, A. C. The Kondo Problem to Heavy Fermions.
   
   
4. Anderson, P. W. 〈Anderson模型〉，《物理》修订版 142 (1961): 41.
   Anderson, P. W. "The Anderson Model." Phys. Rev. 142 (1961): 41.

一维的费米子（拉亭者液体）；玻色化
One Dimensional Fermions (Luttinger Liquid); Bosonization

1. 作用一维费米子与非作用一维玻色子的转换，最早由 Tomonaga, S. 《理论物理计划》(京都) 5 (1950): 544提出。
   The Transformation of the Interacting 1D Fermiona to Noninteracting 1D Bosons first appeared in: Tomonaga, S. Progr Theor Phys (Kyoto) 5 (1950): 544.
   
   反转换允许于透过玻色场（玻色化）的费米运算子的表示，最早由K. Schotte, and U. Schotte. 《物理》修订版 182 (1969): 479提出。
   The inverse transformation allowing to express fermi operators through bose fields (bosonization) was first introduced by K. Schotte, and U. Schotte. Phys. Rev. 182 (1969): 479.
   
   总结可参阅Haldane, F. D. M. 《物理学报》 C14 (1981): 2585 与 Mahan的书《多体物理》。
   A good summary can be found in: Haldane, F. D. M. J. Phys. C14 (1981): 2585, and in the book by Mahan, Many-Body Physics.
   
   
2. 〈一维费米系统中的隧道效应〉
   Kane, C., 与 M. P. A. Fisher. 《物理》修订版通信 68 (1992): 1220;
   《物理》修订版 B46 (1992): 15223;
   Wen, X. G. 《物理》修订版 B43 (1991): 11025;
   《物理》修订版通信 64 (1990): 2206.
   "Tunneling in a 1D Fermi System."
   Kane, C., and M. P. A. Fisher. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 (1992): 1220;
   Phys. Rev. B46 (1992): 15223;
   Wen, X. G. Phys. Rev. B43 (1991): 11025;
   Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 (1990): 2206.