麻省理工学院“开放式课程网页” | 海洋工程 | 13.734 2003秋季课程：游艇设计

课程描述

这一课题教授对帆船设计有原初兴趣的学生，如何设计优质帆艇。截至2004年5月为止，此课程在麻省理工学院仅在2003年的秋季学期提供过一次。它依据2002年讲授的一个同名研讨会主题所提供的一些资料而设立。

本课主要材料来自教材：《游艇设计原理》(Principles of Yacht Design )（第二版），Lars Larsson 和 Rolf E. Eliasson 合着，(ISBN 0071353932)，McGraw-Hill公司2000年出版。整本教材中与以帆航行船只设计相关的部分有限，阅读材料在以下页码：1-55, 56-131, 132-263, 295-225, 226-268, 297-310, 311-321。学生必须获得此书以便学习本课程。

静水力学是一个在游艇设计中至关重要的子题。它包括船艇漂浮的层级，船头和船尾的修整，以及横向稳定性，这种稳定性和从帆上获取的动力密切相关。关于静水力学的基础内容，本课程囊括的比前述课本中所涵盖的要多。除了静水力学的讲座之外，课程所需材料，在麻省理工海洋工程学系1991年9月Justin E. Kerwin做的一系列题为“海洋工程静水力学”的印刷笔记中有更多资料，而且可从该系获得。印刷笔记的第1-41页是指定阅读。读完Larsson 和 Eliasson的课文后，学生应立即阅读这一指定材料，或者把二者一起编排在做问题集1的材料之后。

在教材第五页描述的设计螺旋，需从前置设计参数的一个最初设定开始。建立这些参数的一步是链接此网站，并且对此网站的学习应该和阅读课本第56-131页相互结合。前置设计要求为小到适度的船身倾斜角度做一个大约的横向稳定性评估。评估横向稳定性的方法包括在该链接网站中。

计算机辅助设计（CAD）用来设计船体、附属物和甲板的外观。很多商业计算机辅助设计程式提供了精确构造，将单调乏味的工作从先前手工计算中解放出来，而且并不妨碍设计者的设计创造性。计算机辅助设计程式既可以在个人计算机上运行也可以在Macintosh®计算机上操作，我们为此课程选择的计算机被称为Maxsurf，是由澳洲“Freemantle”合成设计系统Pty公司制造。它拥有最快的也是最早的全部优质游艇和船舶设计计算机辅助设计系统的“学习曲线图”，这对一个学期的课程是非常重要的。另外，有一个线上文件的“学生脚本”可供免费使用。但是，合成设计系统所出售的专业程式可以提供无数种造型，而学生脚本只限于三种外观。有了脚本，船壳、鳍龙骨和艇舵就像三种外观一样可以被设计出来。空无附加物的船身可以用来当作一个单独的外观，留下另外两种外观在设计甲板和驾驶员座舱时用。在这三种外观每一组的设定下，各部件都可以相互交叉和修改整理，那么所有部份就会恰当的合成一体了。在学习本课程后有意广泛使用这程式的认真学生，可自软件制造商购买能同时处理更多外观的版本。

这门课程中的最终计划是期末设计专题，在此专题中每个学生要设计一艘主要功能完备的游艇。

目前，所有长度在24米以下，结构上核准可在欧盟内出售的游艇，都必须符合设立于瑞士的国际标准组织（ISO）12215之结构要求。这门课上次在麻省理工学院讲授时，ISO 12215的影印本没有提供给班上学生。因此，这堂课使用的结构标准是美国船舶局（ABS）的海上赛艇建造和分类指南，更新于2001年1月1日。ISO 12215很大程度上正是基于ABS的这个指南。

This subject teaches students, having an initial interest in sailing design, how to design good yachts. As of May 2004, it was offered only once at MIT and this was in the Fall Term of 2003. It is built on some of the material offered in a seminar subject of the same name taught in 2002.

The principal material for this subject comes from the textbook: Principles of Yacht Design (Second Edition) by Lars Larsson and Rolf E. Eliasson (ISBN 0071353932), published by The McGraw-Hill Companies in 2000. Although the entire part of the textbook related to sailing vessels is relevant, the reading assignments are pages: 1-55, 56-131, 132-263, 295-225, 226-268, 297-310, and 311-321. The student must acquire this book in order to study this course.

Hydrostatics is a crucial sub-topic in sailing yacht design. It includes the level at which the boat floats, the fore and aft trim, and the transverse stability which is inextricably linked to the power that can be absorbed from the sails. The course contains more about hydrostatic fundamentals than is covered in the aforementioned textbook. In addition to lectures on hydrostatics, this material is augmented in an MIT Department of Ocean Engineering set of printed notes titled Ocean Engineering Hydrostatics (September 1991) by Justin E. Kerwin and available from the M.I.T. Department of Ocean Engineering. The reading assignment from these printed notes is pages 1-41. This assignment should be read immediately after reading pages 1-55 in and Eliasson text, or the two reading assignments can be woven together after which the student should do Problem Set number 1.

The design spiral, illustrated on page 5 of the textbook needs to be started with an initial set of preliminary design parameters. A procedure for establishing these is a link on this Web site and its study should be interwoven with reading pages 56-131 of the textbook. The preliminary design requires an estimate of the approximate transverse stability for small to moderate heel angles. A method for estimated this is included as a link on this Web site.

Computer aided design (CAD) is used to design the shapes of hulls, appendages and decks. Many commercial CAD programs exist which provide precise geometry, take the drudgery out of what was formerly calculations done "by hand", and do not interfere with the design creativity of the boat designer. The CAD program, which can run on either PC or Macintosh® computers, chosen for this course is called Maxsurf which is made by Formation Design Systems Pty Ltd. of Freemantle, Australia. It has the fastest and easiest "learning curve" of all good yacht and ship design CAD systems which is important for a 1-term course. Furthermore a "student version" with on-line documentation is available, free of charge. Whereas the professional program sold by Formation Design Systems can accommodate any number of surfaces, the student version is limited to three surfaces. With it, a hull, fin keel and a rudder, as the three surfaces can be designed. Then the hull without the appendages can be used as a single surface, leaving two surfaces available for design of the deck and cockpit. With each set of three surfaces, they can be intersected and trimmed so all the parts fit properly together. Serious students who intend to use the program extensively after studying this course can purchase versions that can simultaneously deal with more surfaces from the software manufacturer.

The capstone project in this course is the Final Design Project in which each student designs a sailing yacht, complete in all major respects.

Presently, all yachts with lengths less than 24 meters that are structurally approved for sale in the European Union must meet the structural requirement 12215 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) based in Switzerland. At the time this course was last taught at MIT, copies of ISO 12215 were not available to the class students. Therefore, the structural standards used for this course are the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) for Building and Classing Offshore Racing Yachts, updated to January 1, 2001. ISO 12215 is based largely on this ABS Guide.