读书报告
Reader Responses

读书报告需有2页，用12级字打印，隔行，页边距为1英吋，各页装订并标上页数。每篇读书报告必须包括以下三大内容：

Reader Responses should be 2 pages in length, typewritten in 12-point type, double-spaced with 1-inch margins on all sides, stapled together, and each page must be numbered. Each Reader Response will consist of three principal parts as described below:

1. 提出文中奇异、不熟悉、独特或是疑难处，并给你留下深刻印象的特色(例如：比喻、主题、事件、文章段落、描述架构、构想方式、风格、句型结构、特殊讯息或者道德观等等)。解释其特别处或者它与你想像间的差异。
   
   Identify some feature within the text (e.g., imagery, theme, incident, passage, narrative structure, framing device, style, sentence construction, message or moral, etc.) which happens to strike you as strange, unfamiliar, remarkable, or problematic, and explain what it is that you find so unusual about that particular element or how it differs from what you might have expected.
   
   
   
2. 思考这个特色在课文中是如何铺陈的，在上下文或者整体叙述中的可能功能和目的，及为什么要用此方式表现。
   
   Consider how that feature is operating within the text, what function or purpose it might be serving within its immediate context or within the broader narrative as a whole, and why it might have been represented in this particular manner rather than some other way.
   
   
   
3. 解释此特色在探究文本的特定含义与影响时，是如何帮助你理解课文大意的。
   
   Then explain how this feature helps you to interpret the general meaning of the text as you explore the particular implications and consequences of your new understanding.
   
   

口头报告作业
Oral Presentation Assignment

报告时间长度：10分钟。

Presentation Length: 10 minutes

报告书面长度：长5页，隔行，每页需编页码。

Paper Length: 5 pages, double-spaced, with numbered pages

研究报告
Research Paper

选择以下任一主题中的各类议题加以探讨，替奥古斯都黄金时期的文学提供文化及社会背景。运用三项独立的资源(论文、书籍、网站)，参考自网络上的资料不得超过一项。在导论中概述发现的成果，并在报告本文中提供说明例证，最后以重要诠释、推论和含意做结。

Choose one of the following topics to explore issues that will provide cultural and sociological background for the literature of the Augustan Golden Age. Use three independent sources (articles, books, websites), no more than one of which should come from the Web. Summarize your findings in the introduction, provide illustrative examples in the body of your presentation, and offer interpretations of significance, consequences and implications in your conclusion.

1. 罗马宗教与异教活动
   
   Roman Religion and Cultic Practice
   
   
   
2. 罗马家庭结构与女性角色地位
   
   Roman Family Structure and the Role of Women
   
   
   
3. 罗马艺术和建筑
   
   Roman Art and Architecture
   
   
   
4. 罗马军事组织与精神
   
   Roman Military Organization and Ethos
   
   
   
5. 罗马共和国与帝国的政府机构和政治活动
   
   
   
6. 罗马竞技比赛与庆典
   
   Roman Games and Festivals
   
   
   
7. 罗马葬礼仪式
   
   Roman Funerary Rituals
   
   
   
8. 罗马奴隶与奴隶起义
   
   Roman Slaves and Slave Revolts
   
   
   
9. 罗马帝国与其版图扩张历史
   
   Roman Empire and the History of its Expansion
   
   
   
10. 罗马神话
    
    Roman Mythology
    
    
    
11. 罗马辩论学
    
    Roman Oratory
    
    
    
12. 罗马哲学：斯多葛学派、古典学派和伊比鸠鲁学派
    
    Roman Philosophy: Stoics, Academics, and Epicureans
    
    
    
13. 罗马阶级结构
    
    Roman Class Structure
    
    
14. 罗马经济发展
    
    Roman Economic Development
    
    

课堂习题
In-class Exercise

从以下问题中任选5题回答：

Answer five of the following questions:

1. 埃涅阿斯在迦太基朱诺神殿中，对壁画的感想有何奇异处？这个事件在艺术家的目的和艺术品的效果间反应出什么关系？
   
   What is strange about Aeneas' response to the frescoes in the Temple of Juno in Carthage, and how does this incident shed light on the relationship between the intention of the artist and the reception of the art work?
   
   
   
2. 以下的字词在故事中的作用都相同：麦丘利、赫克特的鬼魂、克瑞沙的鬼魂、阿波罗的神喻、海伦纳斯、塞黎阿诺、派纳特斯的鬼魂、安奇瑟斯的鬼魂、女预言者西碧儿、台伯河。解释他们在故事中的功能，以及为什么需要这么多种方式来表达。
   
   All of the following perform the same function in the text: Mercury, the ghost of Hector, the ghost of Creusa, the oracle of Apollo, Helenus, Celeano, the ghosts of the Penates, the ghost of Anchises, the Sibyl, the Tiber. Explain what that function is and why so many have to perform it.
   
   
   
3. 埃涅阿斯在抵达拉丁姆平原前，奠立或建造了四个城市的基础。这些城市的名称和地点为何？为什么埃涅阿斯花时间替他人兴建都市，而不实现自己的天命？
   
   Aeneas founds or helps to lay the foundations for four cities prior to his arrival in Latium. What are the name and location of each city, and why does Aeneas spend so much time founding cities for other people and not fulfilling his own destiny?
   
   
   
4. 在第六卷中，海伦纳拥有一个空白的盾牌，此处的空白有何重要性？由此类推，这和第八卷中，在了解埃涅阿斯的精致盾牌有何关连？
   
   Helenor in Book XI has a blank shield. What is the significance of this blankness and what, by analogy, are the implications for understanding the elaborate shield of Aeneas in Book VIII?
   
   
   
5. 在第六卷中，针对埃涅阿斯必须下冥界一事，提供四个理由。
   
   Provide four reasons for why Aeneas has to go down to the Underworld in Book VI.
   
   
   
6. 从哪些方面可看出，埃涅阿斯更像安东尼而非奥古斯都？维吉尔如何处理这个类似点？
   
   In what respects might Aeneas be more like Mark Anthony than Augustus and how does Vergil treat this resemblance?
   
   
   
7. 在第十一卷中，从哪方面可看出德兰塞斯类似西塞罗？在此如何了解奥古斯都和西塞罗间的关系？
   
   In what respects is Drances like Cicero in Book XI, and what are the implications for understanding Augustus' relation to Cicero here?
   
   
   
8. 图纳斯、伊凡德、拉丁弩斯的出身为何？重要性各为何？
   
   What are the ancestries of the following and what is the significance for each: Turnus, Evander, Latinus.
   
   

期末报告作业
Final Paper Assignment

长度：8到10页

Length: 8-10 pages

1. 奥古斯都时期的诗人持续地寻求建立自我 – 和奥古斯都的帝国 – 与过去的关系（藉着模仿早期的诗人、参考早期的著作、采用早期的文学传统与类型、重新诠释早期的历史事件）。虽说如此，他们也企图与过去划清界线，将过去局限在过去里，并且表达现在终于超越过去。从学期中所读过的任何文学作品中，解释这种与过去的矛盾关系，并思考为何需要提起过去而又驳斥它。
   
   Augustan poets continually seek to establish themselves - and the empire of Augustus - in relation to the past (by imitating earlier poets, by referencing earlier works, by employing earlier literary traditions and genres, by recasting earlier historical events). And yet, at the same time, they also seek to mark a clear break with the past, to contain the past in the past, and to show how the present ultimately surpasses the past. Explain how this ambivalent relationship to the past functions in any of the texts studied during the semester, and consider why the past needs to be invoked and then repudiated.
   
   
   
2. 爱情和欲望 – 即使广受称赞 – 但也成为奥古斯都时期作品中的一个老问题。无论是披了征服的野心和欲望外衣，或是拘束禁止下自主的爱情和自由，还是性的激情和对美丽事物的追求。从单方面来看，依据西塞罗所言，雄辩术的目的是鼓动导致政治行动的情绪。另一个方面来看，欲望导致各类的过度、浪费、豪奢，与权力滥用。从各时期找出这些作者如何对待欲望的主题，他们试图激发其力量并试着控制其难以驾驭的作用。解释他们在面对欲望时，如何解决本身态度中的矛盾。
   
   Love and desire - though generally admired - become a recurring problem in these texts of the Augustan Age, whether in the form of ambition and desire for conquest, or of love of liberty and freedom from constraint, or of sexual passion and the pursuit of beautiful things. On the one hand, stirring the emotions is the object of oratory in that it is emotion that leads to political action, according to Cicero. On the other hand, desire leads to all kinds of excess, extravagance, luxuriance, and abuse of power. Show how authors from the period treat the subject of desire as they try to activate its strengths while containing its unruly effects. Explain how the contradictions in their attitudes toward desire get resolved.
   
   
   
3. 思考在那些从共和体制下晋升或得到好处（迪奥作品中的李维、西塞罗、凯撒、阿格里帕），和支持帝国独裁体制（迪奥作品中的贺拉斯、维吉尔、奥维德、麦凯纳斯）的作家间思考态度、信仰、价值观和风格的差异。撇开个人性格的差异不谈，解释哪些因素在这些清楚的特征中促成了改变。
   
   Consider the differences in attitudes, beliefs, and values as well as styles between authors who promote or profit from the Republican form of government (Livy, Cicero, Julius Caesar, Agrippa in Cassius Dio) and those who champion the Imperial form (Horace, Vergil, Ovid, Maecenas in Cassius Dio). Then explain what factors, aside from differences in personal temperament, might contribute to the changes in these distinguishing features.