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课程重点
除了课程所要求的常规性报告之外，尚需下载众多阅读文章。
In addition to all of the daily and paper assignments for this course, many of the readings may be downloaded.
课程描述
本课程旨在检阅众多西方传统文献(文学和哲学两领域)中对于大自然和人类的自然环境概念的演进，在此背景之下，“自然”一词有多种解读方式，例如，物质世界被视为人类的居住环境，也就是规范人类生活中集体组织和行为的来源,于是乎，自然不仅是复杂的科学研究对象，而且是个人经验和直接观察的对象，由此意涵来诠释“自然”，我们可以推论现代的“环境”(the environment)，指涉了三个人类与自然息息相关的概念。第一个概念是，在古老的医疗理论和气象观念中，地理性的自然(geographical nature) 被当作是一个中性的媒介(neutral agency)，影响并且改变了人类的特质和建制；第二个概念则来自于西方传统宗教和正统古典思想，地球的构造设计就是一个适合人类居住的环境，最起码有泥砖屋可挡风遮雨，而人民或政治生活都必须配合自然界；第三个概念由来已久，但却是在很久之后才受到重视，其内容是，自然和人类是互相敌对的，一方必须征服另一方，优胜劣败。
This subject offers a broad survey of texts (both literary and philosophical) drawn from the Western tradition and selected to trace the growth of ideas about nature and the natural environment of mankind. The term nature in this context has to do with the varying ways in which the physical world has been conceived as the habitation of mankind, a source of imperatives for the collective organization and conduct of human life. In this sense, nature is less the object of complex scientific investigation than the object of individual experience and direct observation. Using the term "nature" in this sense, we can say that modern reference to "the environment" owes much to three ideas about the relation of mankind to nature. In the first of these, which harks back to ancient medical theories and notions about weather, geographical nature was seen as a neutral agency affecting or transforming agent of mankind's character and institutions. In the second, which derives from religious and classical sources in the Western tradition, the earth was designed as a fit environment for mankind or, at the least, as adequately suited for its abode, and civic or political life was taken to be consonant with the natural world. In the third, which also makes its appearance in the ancient world but becomes important only much later, nature and mankind are regarded as antagonists, and one must conquer the other or be subjugated by it.
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讲师：
Alvin Kibel 教授
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教师授课：
每周2节
每节1.5小时
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大学部
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| 告诉我们您对本课程或“开放式课程网页”的建议。 |
| 声明 |
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原文声明 |
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