翻译：姜凯文(简介并寄信)
修正校定：朱学恒
----------------------------------------------------------------
麻省理工“开放式课程”计划更新日期：2005年二月
每月发行给麻省理工“开放式课程”计划的使用者及伙伴的电子报
----------------------------------------------------------------
麻省理工开放式课程电子报 2005年二月号内容：
1. 由内容合作伙伴所提供给使用者的独特学习工具
2. 基金会及促成麻省理工开放式课程成功的金援者
3. 深度探索：课程 3.46
4. 一个常见问题
1.由内容合作伙伴所提供给使用者的独特学习工具
----------------------------------------------------------------
麻省理工“开放式课程”(MIT OCW)有几个内容合作伙伴，提供了麻省理工开放式课程的课程翻译与其它的工具给使用者来加强他们的学习经验。
Universia.net ，一个由超过800所位于西班牙、葡萄牙及拉丁美洲大学院校所组成的联盟，已经将部份麻省理工开放式课程中的课程翻译成西班牙文及葡萄牙文。总部设立在西班牙马德里的Universia.net至今已翻译了超过90个课程并继续新的翻译工作，包含课程 21A.219 – 2002秋季课程：法律与社会的西班牙文版以及课程 9.641J -- 2002秋季课程：神经网络导论的葡萄牙文版。
中国开放式教育资源组织 (CORE) 一个中国的大学院校的联盟，将会在五年内翻译麻省理工开放式课程中的所有课程。到目前为止，中国开放式教育资源组织提供两门完整的翻译课程，课程 18.06—2002年秋季课程：线性代数以及课程 18.085—2002年秋季课程：工程师数学方法(一)。
开放式学习支援(OLS) 是由麻省理工开放式课程与犹他州州立大学合作的研究计划，着重在建立“社群软件”，让非正规学习社群利用现存公开的教材而组织起来。OLS基本前提是完整的教育机会必须让使用者能够与能解答其问题或提供支援的其他人建立起沟通管道。
2.基金会及促成麻省理工开放式课程成功的金援者
----------------------------------------------------------------
没有Hewllet 与Mellon基金会慷慨地给予财务上的支持，麻省理工开放式课程是不可能成立的，除此之外，还有麻省理工学院校友们的财务捐赠来帮助我们出版915门的课程。
Willam & Flora Hewlett 基金会在初步试验性阶段时慷慨地给予财务上的支持并持续地提供资金来帮助麻省理工开放式课程出版全部的课程。基金会的总部设立于加州曼罗公园(Menlo Park)，将其资源投入于解决冲突、教育、环境、表演艺术、人口问题以及美国与拉丁美洲的关系上。
麻省理工开放式课程也受到Andrew W. Mellon基金会在财务上的重要支持。设立在纽约州纽约市的基金会活跃在高等教育、博物馆、艺术保存、表演艺术、人口问题、环境保护、公共事务，并坚持着教育资源与工具的共享与开放的信念，与麻省理工开放式课程的信念一致。
另外，麻省理工学院的校友Jon Gruber捐赠了美金一百万元给麻省理工开放式课程计划，Gruber的馈赠将会用在他的大学主修科系：电机工程与计算机科学系的课程教材的研发及公开出版，同时这笔预算也会用在麻省理工学院视觉艺术方面的课程上。由麻省理工学院校友们及使用者的自愿捐赠对于本计划的长期发展也是非常好的赞助 — 提升资讯与知识的开放共享，使资讯大众化，并使得世界更美好。若您选择要在财务上支持麻省理工开放式课程计划，请以即期支票寄到麻省理工学院，并在信封内加上注记，指定要捐赠给麻省理工开放式课程计划基金，编号为4021100，并邮寄到：
- Recording Secretary
- MIT Office of the Treasurer
- 238 Main Street, Suite 200
- Cambridge, MA 02142
您也可以透过“捐赠给麻省理工学院”的网站，网址是：http://web.mit.edu/giving。利用网站的安全机制，并填写线上捐赠表格，网址是：https://alum.mit.edu/giftform/GiftMain.dyn。在填写完表格时，请注意麻省理工开放式课程计划基金的编号为4021100，正式的基金全名是“OpenCourseWare”。
3. 深度探索：课程 3.46
----------------------------------------------------------------
众所周知，就教学课程、重量级的教授与高水准的学生来看，麻省理工学院材料科学与工程系是在这领域中的佼佼者。
在麻省理工开放式课程开放式网站上共有36门材料科学与工程系的课程上线，包含本月的课程特写，由Lionel Kimerling教授所开的课程 3.46 - 2004春季课程：感光材质与装置，探讨涵盖了感光材质与装置的理论、设计、制造与应用。在了解光学材质对半导体、电介质与聚合物的设计后，课程将检视线光学、电磁光学与导波光学、光与物质交互作用的物理学、发光二极体(LED)的装置设计原理、雷射、光侦测器、调幅器、光纤与波导连接器、滤光器与感光晶体。装置过程的主题则包含了晶体成长、基板工程、薄膜淀积以及电介质、矽与复合半导体材料的制程整合与蚀刻。
Kimerling教授提供了一套完整的课程讲义，包含几何光学、电磁光学、导波光学、半导体的光侦测器以及雷射二极体。
课程 3.46 也提供了丰富的问题集、6个考古题与期末考题，像下面这道难解的问题：“Explain the differences in the gain spectrum between a double heterostructure laser and a quantum well laser. Which is more desirable and why?”哇！赶快来自修吧！
课程也提供了设计流程的指导，包含了4个设计审查范例与1个记载着有Lionel Kimerling教授意见的设计审查范例。
4.一个常见问题
----------------------------------------------------------------
问：我可否下载麻省理工学院开放式课程的影像文件到我的计算机中来离线观赏?
答：麻省理工学院开放式课程所提供大多数的影像文件都是透过串流伺服器提供的Real Video格式影片。我们以这种格式提供影像的原因（多种传输速率），是希望能够让连线速率不同的使用者能够透过普通的浏览器来观赏麻省理工学院开放式课程的影片，而不需要下载大的文件。如果你比较想离线后观赏的话，可以下载我们的串流格式文件。麻省理工学院开放式课程有两种URL连结到串流格式的文件：
- 麻省理工学院开放式课程的影片文件储存在Akamai网络中，文件的连结如 http://mfile.akamai.com/7870/rm/mitstorage.download.akamai.com/7870/18/18.06/videolectures/strang-1806-lec01-26aug1999-220k.rm，如果你要下载文件后离线观赏，请使用下列的连结（唯一的不同处在于网址的前半部）：http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/18/18.06/videolectures/strang-1806-lec01-26aug1999-220k.rm
- 同样的作法可以适用于全部的麻省理工学院开放式课程串流影片。你只需要找到连结网址，把前半部的网址http://mfile.akamai.com/7870/rm/mitstorage.download.akamai.com/7870改为http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870即可。
- 存在网站上的麻省理工学院开放式课程影片文件(像课程 18.03 – 微分方程式，2004春季课程)的连结网址如：http://www.archive.org/stream/mitocw.18.03.f03.videolectures/mit-ocw-18.03-lec1-05feb2003-220k.rm
- 要下载这个文件来离线观赏，请使用下列的连结 – 唯一的不同处在于将“stream”改为“download”： http://www.archive.org/download/mitocw.18.03.f03.videolectures/mit-ocw-18.03-lec1-05feb2003-220k.rm
同样的作法可以适用于储存在网站上全部的麻省理工学院开放式课程串流影片。你只需要找到连结网址，将“stream”改为“download”即可。
----------------------------------------------------------------
The MIT OpenCourseWare Update: February 2005
A Monthly E-mail Newsletter for Users
and Friends of MIT OpenCourseWare
----------------------------------------------------------------
The February 2005 MIT OpenCourseWare Update Contains:
1. Content Partners Offer Users Unique Learning Tools
2. Foundations, Donors Fuel MIT OCW Success
3. Digging Deeper: Course 3.46
4. A Frequently Asked Question
1. Content Partners Offer Users Unique Learning Tools
----------------------------------------------------------------
MIT OpenCourseWare (MIT OCW) has several content partners who are providing users translations of MIT OCW courses and other tools to improve their learning experience.
Universia.net is a consortium of more than 800 colleges and universities in Latin America, Spain and Portugal that has translated a sample of MIT OCW courses into Spanish and Portuguese. Headquartered in Madrid, Spain, Universia has now translated more than 90 courses and continues to publish new translations, including courses such as Course 21A.219 -- Law and Society, Spring 2003 in Spanish, and Course 9.641J -- Introduction to Neural Networks, Fall 2002 in Portuguese.
Chinese Open Resources for Education (CORE) is a consortium of Chinese colleges and universities that will translate all of MIT OCW's courses into Chinese, and offer open and free access to the course materials from Chinese educators, over the course of the next five years. Thus far, CORE offers two complete, translated MIT courses, including Course 18.06 -- Linear Algebra, Fall 2002 and Course 18.085 -- Mathematical Methods for Engineers I, Fall 2002.
Open Learning Support (OLS) is a joint MIT OCW/ Utah State University research project focused on building "social software" that enables informal learning communities to form around existing open educational content. The fundamental premise of OLS is that full educational opportunity requires a user to have social access to other human beings who can answer questions and provide support.
2. Foundations, Donors Fuel MIT OCW Success
----------------------------------------------------------------
MIT OCW would not be possible with the generous financial support of the Hewlett and the Mellon Foundations, in addition to several MIT alumni who have made financial donations to help us publish 915 courses.
The Willam and Flora Hewlett Foundation has generously supported MIT OCW financially through the initial pilot phase and continues to to provide funding as MIT OCW works toward full publication of all of MIT's courses. Headquartered in Menlo Park, CA, the foundation concentrates its resources on activities in conflict resolution, education, environment, performing arts, population, and U.S.-Latin American relations.
MIT OCW has also received wonderful financial support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The New York, NY-based foundation is active in higher education, museums and art conservation, performing arts, population, conservation and the environment, and public affairs, and is committed to the concept of open sharing of educational resources and tools, such as MIT OCW.
In addition, MIT alumnus Jon Gruber has donated $1 million to the MIT OCW project. Gruber's gift will support the development and open publication of course materials in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - his undergraduate major - and also in MIT's various programs in the visual arts. Voluntary donations by MIT alumni and our users is a wonderful endorsement of what this project hopes to achieve long-term - promoting open sharing of information and knowledge that will democratize information and make the world a better place. If you choose to support MIT OCW financially, please make your check payable to "MIT" and enclose a note indicating that the contribution is for the OpenCourseWare Fund, #4021100. You can mail your check to:
- Recording Secretary
- MIT Office of the Treasurer
- 238 Main Street, Suite 200
- Cambridge, MA 02142
You can support donate through the Giving to MIT Web site at http://web.mit.edu/giving. Utilize the site's secure, online giving form at https://alum.mit.edu/giftform/GiftMain.dyn . When filling out the form, the MIT OCW fund number is 4021100, and the official fund name is "OpenCourseWare."
3. Digging Deeper: Course 3.46
----------------------------------------------------------------
MIT's Department of Materials Science and Engineering is known as the world-wide leader of its field, based on its academic program, its highly regarded faculty, and the high caliber of its students.
There are currently 36 courses from MIT's DMSE available on MIT OCW, including this month's featured course, Professor Lionel Kimerling's Course 3.46 - Photonic Materials and Devices, Spring 2004, which explores covers the theory, design, fabrication and applications of photonic materials and devices. After a survey of optical materials design for semiconductors, dielectrics and polymers, the course examines ray optics, electromagnetic optics and guided wave optics; physics of light-matter interactions; and device design principles of LEDs, lasers, photodetectors, modulators, fiber and waveguide interconnects, optical filters, and photonic crystals. Device processing topics include crystal growth, substrate engineering, thin film deposition, etching and process integration for dielectric, silicon and compound semiconductor materials.
Professor Kimerling offers a comprehensive set of Lecture Notes, on such topics as Ray Optics, Electromagnetic Optics, Guided Wave Optics, Semiconductor Photo Detectors, and Laser Diodes.
Course 3.46 also offers a rich set of Problem Sets, and six past quizzes along with a final exam, featuring such mind-benders as the following question: "Explain the differences in the gain spectrum between a double heterostructure laser and a quantum well laser. Which is more desirable and why?" Whew! Let the self-learning begin!
The course also offers a guide to the design process, including four sample design reviews, and a sample of Professor Kimerling's comments on the design review process.
4. A Frequently Asked Question
----------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION: Can I download MIT OCW videos to my computer for viewing off-line?
ANSWER: Most of the video that MIT OCW provides is in a Real Video format delivered through streaming servers. Our goal in providing video in this format (in multiple bitrates) is to enable users with a variety of Internet connections to sample MIT OCW video offerings with a common browser plug-in without having to download large media files. Users are able to download our streaming video file if you prefer to play these files off-line. There are two typical URL structures for links to MIT OCW video lecture delivered in a streaming format:
- OCW video files stored on the Akamai network will have URLs that look something like this http://mfile.akamai.com/7870/rm/mitstorage.download.akamai.com/7870/18/18.06/videolectures/strang-1806-lec01-26aug1999-220k.rm If you want to download this file and play it off-line, use the following URL -- the only difference is in the first part of the URL: http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/18/18.06/videolectures/strang-1806-lec01-26aug1999-220k.rm
- This same basic approach will work for all of the MIT OCW streaming videos stored on the Akamai network. Simply find the URL to the streaming media, and replace the first part of the URL http://mfile.akamai.com/7870/rm/mitstorage.download.akamai.com/7870 with http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870
- OCW video files stored on the Internet Archive (such as those for "Course 18.03 -- Differential Equations, Spring 2004") will have URLs that look something like this: http://www.archive.org/stream/mitocw.18.03.f03.videolectures/mit-ocw-18.03-lec1-05feb2003-220k.rm
- To download this file and play it off-line, use the following URL -- the only difference is that you replace "stream" with "download": http://www.archive.org/download/mitocw.18.03.f03.videolectures/mit-ocw-18.03-lec1-05feb2003-220k.rm
This same basic approach will work for all the MIT OCW streaming videos stored on the Internet Archive network. Simply find the URL to the streaming media file and replace the word "stream" with the word "download."
