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2004年十二月号电子报
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翻译：姜凯文(简介并寄信)
修正校定：朱学恒
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麻省理工“开放式课程”计划更新日期：2004年十二月
每月发行给麻省理工“开放式课程”计划的使用者及伙伴的电子报
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麻省理工开放式课程电子报 2004年十二月号内容：
1. 麻省理工学院欢迎新校长
2. 深度探索：课程 21A.218J
3. 一个常见问题
1. 麻省理工学院欢迎新校长
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数以百计的麻省理工学院的学生、教授与职员们欢迎新校长的到来， 2004年12月6日在她上任的第一天的庆祝活动。
霍克菲尔德，耶鲁大学前任副校长也是一位知名的神经病理学家，在8月26日获选为第16届麻省理工学院的校长，接替查尔斯.M.魏斯特，在过去的14年来领导着世界上最重要的研究型大学之一。
在声明中，推举霍克菲尔德的麻省理工学院董事会主席达纳．米德(Dana G. Mead)说，“要做为这所在这世上扮演着不可或缺角色的科学、技术与研究的大学的坚强的拥护者，又有卓越成就的纪录，以及对教授与学生兴趣的服务热诚，霍克菲尔德博士无疑的是未来带领麻省理工学院最适当的人选。身为教师、科学家与鼓舞人心的领导者，在所有与她共事者中展露出最好的名声，她将带领麻省理工学院到一个杰出的境界。
霍克菲尔德在1985年进入耶鲁大学，1994年升等为正教授并迅速地进入耶鲁大学的领导中心，首先是成为耶鲁大学艺术与科学研究所教务长(1998-2002)，在监督超过70个研究所课程后升任副校长，耶鲁大学的教育与行政首长，并监督12个学院。她在1973年获得罗彻斯特大学生物学学士学位，在1979年获得乔治城大学医学院解剖学与神经病理学博士学位。
“在这世界上，麻省理工学院是发现与创新的象征，孕育出其杰出的教授们、学生与研究生的学术成就，”，霍克菲尔德在她的就任典礼上说，“当我还在思索第一句话时，这学校的中心主题—追求真理、正直与伟大的教育制度 –已和我自己的核心价值产生了共鸣。这群卓越人们的好奇心、理智的信仰与解决问题的热切决心已带给人类无可计量的利益。当选麻省理工学院的下任校长已带给我无比的荣耀与恩典并当尽力以赴”。
她接替查尔斯.M.魏斯特，在过去的14年来领导麻省理工学院也是一位 麻省理工开放式课程计划 (MIT OCW) 的积极拥护者。阅读更多关于查尔斯.M.魏斯特。
欲阅读更多关于霍克扉尔德校长，试试 麻省理工学院线上新闻室 中有关她的文件。
2. 深度探索：课程21A.218J
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一个人如何能立即地对社会造成影响？特别的社会运动的媒介亦或社会的产物？为何有些人的特立独行被接受并赞扬而其他人及其行为却被当做越矩及指责？
本月，我们将探讨 课程21A.218J：认同性与差异性， 麻省理工学院人类学系 所开设的课程，检视人类认同性的理论观点，着重在建立可接受与越矩认同的分类程序。Susan Silbey教授检视了认同性是如何形成的、如何改变、独特或群聚认同的形成与可能性、如何标示异常行为、人们如何进入异常人们与其世界、对于个体与群体等级的差别回应、策略与处理。
Silbey教授使用了性别与性能力做为经常被指责的认同形式贯穿整个课程，所以这课程也是 麻省理工学院女性研究的共同课程。
这课程有10个 课程讲稿，包含第7讲讨论关于“即将越矩”。这课程也提供了丰富的 研读资料列表以及探讨人类认同的 评论作业 的说明。
3. 一个常见问题
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问：为何麻省理工开放式课程所有的影像服务都用RealPlayer的格式?
答：几乎大部份在麻省理工开放式课程网站上的影像均为RealPlayer的格式，不过我们在 麻省理工开放式课程的技术需求网页上提供你免费下载RealPlayer的连结
我们会考虑 – 事实上，是积极地支持 – 一种开放原始码的解决方案。但是，为了能提供可下载的开放MPEG格式，我们就必须对所有的影像档提供两种解码格式：Real Video 及mpeg2 或 mpeg4，然而在麻省理工开放式课程计划在现阶段会因成本考量而不会做的。
我们在2002年决定启动麻省理工开放式课程计划采用Real的格式时，并不知道有任合被广泛运用的串流格式，而只针对重要性及跨平台的特性。就我们所知，在 网际网络 上的文件并无任何关于“主流领导建议”的开放式串流格式选择。若有使用者能提供建议，我们会非常感谢的。
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The MIT OpenCourseWare Update: December 2004
A Monthly E-mail Newsletter for Users
and Friends of MIT OpenCourseWare
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The December 2004 MIT OpenCourseWare Update Contains:
1. MIT Welcomes its New President
2. Digging Deeper: Course 21A.218J
3. A Frequently Asked Question
1. MIT Welcomes its New President
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Hundreds of MIT students, faculty and staff welcomed MIT's new president, Dr. Susan Hockfield, at an MIT campus-wide celebration on her first day on the job on December 6, 2004.
Hockfield, the former provost of Yale University and a noted neuroscientist, had been elected on August 26 as the 16th president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, succeeding Charles M. Vest, who has led one of the world's foremost research universities for the past 14 years.
In making the announcement, Dana G. Mead, Chairman of the MIT Corporation who elected Hockfield, said, "As a strong advocate of the vital role that science, technology, and the research university play in the world, and with an exceptional record of achievement in serving faculty and student interests, Dr. Hockfield is clearly the best person to lead MIT in the years ahead. She brings to MIT an outstanding record as teacher, scientist and inspirational leader with a reputation for bringing out the best in all the people with whom she works."
Hockfield joined the Yale faculty in 1985. She was promoted to full professor in 1994 and quickly rose to the center of leadership at Yale, first as Dean of Yale's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1998-2002), with oversight of over 70 graduate programs, and then as Provost, the university's chief academic and administrative officer, with oversight of the University's 12 schools. She earned her bachelor's degree in biology from the University of Rochester in 1973, and earned a Ph.D. in anatomy and neuroscience from Georgetown University School of Medicine in 1979.
"Around the world, MIT stands as an emblem of discovery and innovation, produced through the scholarship of its outstanding faculty, students and graduates," Hockfield said of her election to the top post at MIT. "From my first conversations in the search process, the Institute's central themes -- the pursuit of truth, integrity, and the great meritocracy -- have resonated with my own core values. This remarkable community's curiosity, intellectual commitment and passionate determination to solve problems have brought immeasurable benefit to humankind. It is an enormous honor and a very great privilege to have been selected to join this effort as MIT's next president."
She succeeds Vest, who had led MIT for the past 14 years and has been a passionate advocate of the MIT OpenCourseWare (MIT OCW) project. Read more about Charles M. Vest.
To read more about President Hockfield, check out the MIT News Office's online archive of stories about her.
2. Digging Deeper: Course 21A.218J
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How can the individual be at once cause and consequence of society, a unique agent of social action and also a social product? Why are some people accepted and celebrated for their particular features while other people and behaviors are considered deviant and stigmatized?
This month, we explore Course 21A.218J: Identity and Difference, a course from the MIT Anthropology Program that examines theoretical perspectives on human identity, focusing on processes of creating categories of acceptable and deviant identities. Professor Susan Silbey examines how identities are formed, how they vary, the forms and possibilities of unique or aggregate identities, how behaviors are labeled deviant, how people enter deviant roles and worlds, responses to differences and strategies of coping with these responses on the individual and group level.
Throughout the course, Professor Silbey uses gender and sexuality as an example of frequently stigmatized forms of identity. Thus, this course is cross-listed in the MIT Program in Women's Studies.
This course features a set of 10 Lecture Notes, including #7, a lecture discussion about "Becoming Deviant." The course also offers a rich Reading List, and a description of the Essay Assignments that explore issues of human identity.
3. A Frequently Asked Question
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QUESTION: Why does MIT OCW rely on RealPlayer format for its all of its video services?
ANSWER: It is true that almost all of the video available on the MIT OCW site is in Real Media format, but we offer our users a link to the free, downloadable version of RealPlayer on the MIT OCW Technical Requirements page.
We would consider -- and, in fact, actively encourage -- an open source solution. However, in order to offer downloadable video content in an open mpeg format, we would have to prepare all of our video offerings encoded into two formats: Real Video and either mpeg2 or mpeg4, and this would be cost-prohibitive at this point in the MIT OCW project.
When we decided at the launch of the MIT OCW project in 2002 to go with the Real version, we were not aware of any open streaming formats that were widely available, and just as importantly, cross-platform compatible. As far as we know, the Internet Archive has not made any "sector leader suggestions" about open streaming options. If any of our users have a suggestion, we appreciate any suggestions.
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