学生体验
THE STUDENT EXPERIENCE

本节的目的以实例示范在这个学期中课程的展现并包含以下的例子：专题与写作作业、帮助学生展开研究过程的补充教材、写作作业及报告的回覆以及期终报告实例
This section aims to illustrate how the course unfolds throughout the semester and includes examples of the following: project and writing assignments, materials designed to help students get started with their research process, feedback documents on student writing assignments and presentations, and an actual student final paper.

概论:学生专题的开始
INTRODUCTION: Launching into the Student Projects "Hit the ground, running..."

在本课程的一开始，从所给予的专题目录中，学生将被要求选出部分他们感兴趣的题目。为了于每学期有多变化的题目，Lessard博士考量学生最初的兴趣而后订定专题作业。
At the beginning of the course, students are presented with a list of projects and are asked to choose a subset of those that interest them from the list. In order to have a diverse set of projects per term, Dr. Lessard makes the final project assignments based on initial student interest.

Lessard博士：以往，一般学生会以他们最初选择的专题，包括随意选择的题目- 不论为尝试新的或尽可能规避特别的题目，或者选择从事他们所熟悉的题目。
Dr. Lessard: In the past, criteria students have used to make their initial project selections included random selection, a desire to try something new or desire to avoid, at all costs, a specific topic, or to work on something they are familiar with.

学生们两人一组从事专题研究，于课程中分担实验工作与责任以培养群体研究的合作精神。流程图将于选定专题时发下，大致描述专题如何随着学期进度而开展。
Students work in groups of two on a selected project to foster the spirit of collaboration in the group investigative effort while sharing laboratory work and responsibilities with others in the class. While choosing project assignments, a flowchart is provided as a general description of how the project may unfold as the semester progresses.

Lessard博士： 本课程的丰富性及独特性的一部分在于许多学生将发现他们的题目将会演变的与最初所预测极为不同。
Dr. Lessard: Part of the richness and uniqueness of this course is that many students will find that their project will evolve quite differently than what was originally projected.

• 示范专题
  An Example Project
  (英文PDF)、 (繁体PDF)、 (简体PDF)、 (英文DOC)、 (繁体DOC)、 (简体DOC)



• 点击此处以浏览专题流程图
  Click here for an example Project Flow Chart.

随着实验工作进行，学生必须阅读藉由查询网络上各种不同的科学及医学图书馆文献资源所得的论文以熟悉他们的研究领域。教师为每位学生最初的文献搜集准备一份专有名词建议单，以提供每个选定的题目一份参考架构。
Alongside laboratory work, students are required to gain a command of their research area by reading journal articles found from literature searches using the vast array of scientific and medical library resources on the web. To provide a frame of reference for a selected topic, the teaching staff prepares a suggested list of terms for each student's initial literature search effort.

Lessard博士：许多学生对展开一个新的研究专题并无经验，我们提供每一组一份用于文献查询的建议关键字以帮助学生入门。
Dr. Lessard: Given that most students have no prior experience to overcome the activation energy of getting started on a new research project, we provide each group with suggested keywords to use in their literature searches, as a way to get their foot in the door.

• 文献搜寻专有名词建议单范例
  Example of Suggested Literature Search Terms
  (英文PDF)、 (繁体PDF)、 (简体PDF)、 (英文DOC)、 (繁体DOC)、 (简体DOC)

每组学生分别与教师面谈以学习相关的动手操作的实验详细过程以及其专题的整个使命和重要性。于此，学生讨论并计划策略并找出他们对于专题中特殊问题的解答。
Each group meets individually with the teaching staff in order to learn the relevant hands-on laboratory details involved as well as the overall mission and significance of their project. During this session, students also discuss and plan a strategy and have their specific questions about the project answered.

对于尚未与教师面谈的学生，我们会提供一份实验室应做事项以帮助他们开展实验工作。
Student groups who are waiting for their individual session with the teaching staff are provided with a lab TO DO list that helps them get started with their laboratory work.

Lessard博士：这个大约要半小时的面谈结果是要让学生于追求他们的研究目标时觉得轻松。实验室应做事项是另一个初始导引以帮助学生开始他们的专题。举例来说，它列出学生为第一次准备真正实验该培养哪些菌株，该配制哪些试剂。一但与教师面谈后学生将明白菌株及试剂的作用。这学期剩余的大部分实验工作进行是随各组学生进展速度而设定。
Dr. Lessard: The outcome of this meeting which takes about half an hour or so is that the students should feel comfortable in pursuing their research goals. The lab TO DO list is another jumpstart suggestions guide to help students get started with their projects. For example, this list would tell students which strains they need to culture and which reagents they need to prepare in anticipation of the first actual experiments. The purpose of the strains and reagents will be clear once they have had this meeting with the teaching staff. The bulk of the laboratory work for the rest of the semester is set by each student group's pace.

• 实验室应做事项与最初目标表列范例
  Example of a lab TO DO and initial goals list
  (英文PDF)、 (繁体PDF)、 (简体PDF)、 (英文DOC)、 (繁体DOC)、 (简体DOC)

随着学期进行: 实验与沟通‘设定进度…’
AS THE SEMESTER PROGRESSES: Laboratory and Communication "Setting the pace..."

虽然学生大部分的时间花在实验工作上，在整个学期中他们亦参与及发展沟通技巧。
Although a greater part of the student's time is spent in the laboratory, students also practice and develop their communications skills throughout the semester.

口头沟通
ORAL COMMUNICATION

在这个学期的初期，会举办一个口头报告的工作坊。学生需对他们论文研讨课程中所做的文献搜寻提出一份评论报告。
Early on in the term, a workshop is given on how to give Oral Presentations. Students are asked to present a review of articles extracted from their literature searches in a journal club forum with the class.

学期近尾声时，每一组学生对班上提出他们的进度报告描述研究目标、资料以及目前对实验资料的解释。
Towards the end of the term, each student group gives a progress report presentation describing the goals of their research, data, and current interpretations of the data to the class.

关于如何改进演说技巧，在每次口头报告后教师会给予清楚而个人化的回覆。
After each oral presentation, the teaching staff provides explicit and personalized feedback to each student as to how they can improve their speaking skills.

• 一份单独的回覆文件范例
  Example of an individual feedback document
  (英文PDF)、 (繁体PDF)、 (简体PDF)、 (英文DOC)、 (繁体DOC)、 (简体DOC)

写作
WRITING

Melvold博士在学期开始会单独指导科学论文的构成。三个写作作业于学期中指定，其重点关注于科学研究论文每个特殊段落的格式及内容。这些段落包含介绍、材料及方法、结果与讨论等段落。
Dr. Melvold gives a tutorial on the components of the scientific paper, also early on in the term. The three interim writing assignments that are given thereafter and throughout the term, focus on the style and content of each specific section of a scientific research paper. They include the Introduction, Materials & Methods, Results, and Discussion sections.

在学生缴交作业后，Lessard与Melvold博士会举办一个写作工作坊以学生作业为实例说明常见的主题以及学生写作时会碰到的问题。
After students hand in their writing assignments, Dr. Lessard and Dr. Melvold conduct a writing workshop using student samples to illustrate common themes and issues that students struggle with in their writing.

Lessard博士： 我们会针对每个学生提出深入及个人化的建议。而于写作工作坊中我们会着墨于多数学生在论文中碰到的常见问题。
Dr. Lessard: We make extensive, individualized comments on each student's paper for their specific benefit. Then, in the writing workshop, we address some of the more common problems that many students encounter in their papers.

• 写作工作坊教材范例
  Example Writing Workshop Material
  (英文PPS)、 (繁体PPS)、 (简体PPS)

如何阅览写作工作坊教材范例：写作工作坊教材是一份互动式的PowerPoint显示文件副档名为.pps。
Instructions for Viewing the Writing Workshop Material: The writing workshop material is an interactive PowerPoint show document with a *.pps file extension.

• 如果你有微软的PowerPoint®软件：点击两次文件连结以于浏览器中启动软件。使用左右箭头键或滑鼠左键阅览资料。将文件储存于你的计算机再开启浏览更好。
  If you have Microsoft® PowerPoint®: double click on the file link to launch the presentation into a slide show view in your web browser. Use the right and left arrow keys or left-mouse click to walk through the presentation. For best results, save this file to the local computer and open using PowerPoint.
• 如果你没有微软的PowerPoint®软件：到这个连结下载PC或麦金塔免费的PowerPoint®浏览软件。
  If you Don't have Microsoft® PowerPoint®: Go here for links where you can download a free PowerPoint viewer for your PC or MAC.
• 非互动式的写作工作坊教材版本亦可以PDF档方式阅览。
  The non-interactive version of the Writing Workshop Material may also be viewed as a PDF file.
  (英文PDF)、 (繁体PDF)、 (简体PDF)、 (英文PPT)、 (繁体PPT)、 (简体PPT)

期末报告
FINAL PAPERS

期末报告是学生于这学期中课程内的三次写作作业的最高潮。因为他们的专题会有相当的演变，我们期望学生于整理他们的期末报告时对于初期的写作成品做大幅度的修正。这些修正需符合发表于国际科学期刊的格式。
The final paper is the culmination of the three writing assignments students have worked on over the course of the semester. Since their projects will have evolved quite a bit, major revisions of the initial written work are to be expected as students tailor their final paper. These are expected to be in a format suitable for publication in international scientific journals.

Lessard博士：这项工作并非是将三个写作作业剪贴成期终报告那么简单。 通常研究进展的焦点与实验会随着过程而改变。举例来说，一些学生会在学期结束前放弃他们最初所写的介绍而重新写一份。
Dr. Lessard: It's not as simple as a cut and paste of the three writing assignments into the final paper. Often the focus or experiments change over the course of the research process. For example, some students throw out their initial introductions and write entirely new ones by the time the semester ends.

• 学生期末报告范例
  Example Student Final Paper by Caitlin Brennan
  (英文PDF)、 (繁体PDF)、 (简体PDF)、 (英文DOC)、 (繁体DOC)、 (简体DOC)

Microsoft® and PowerPoint®是微软企业在美国或其他国家所注册之商标
Microsoft® and PowerPoint® are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.