概要
Outline of the Proposal Project

为了让你对与你的研究论文或兴趣相关的生物材料更加熟悉，请（相应）选择一个（生物材料的）应用领域，并建议一个解决相关问题的新方法。该新方法必须是基于对一个新型生物材料或装置的设计。对于你可以选择的应用领域没有任何限制，但你的建议必须是集中于一项具体的而不是宽泛的应用（比如，你可以设计一个用于递送某种具体的药物到某种具体的肿瘤中的药物，但请不要试图提出一种可以把任何药物递送到任何肿瘤中的设备），而且该项应用必须采用分子水平的设计来完成。下面列出了一些可供考虑的应用领域，但你完全可以去尝试别的选择。一旦选定了应用领域，你必须写出一个描述你的新设计或装置的提案，然后在学期的晚些时候会有一个“同侪审查”的过程。
To allow you to become more familiar with a biomaterials topic that connects to your own thesis research or interests, choose an application area of interest and develop a proposal for a new approach to that problem, based on the design of a new biomaterial or device. You are not limited in what application you can choose to focus on, however, it should be focused on a specific application (i.e. you could design a device to deliver a specific drug for a specific type of cancer, but don't propose a device which will deliver any drug for any cancer), and should involve an application that calls for molecular design. A suggestion list of possible areas of focus is included below, but feel free to venture into new territory. The proposal project entails developing a proposal for your new design/device, followed by a 'peer review' later in the term.

本专题的第一部分是写这个提案。这部分的首要目的是锻炼你的创造力。请不要担心你组织在一起的新方法或新思路在现实中会行不通，但是你必须用在课堂里、阅读材料中或你自己查阅科学文献的过程中学到的概念和知识来证明你的新颖建议是有依据的。要求的报告的格式如下：
The first part of the proposal project is writing the proposal itself. The objective here, first and foremost, is to exercise your creativity. Do not be afraid of putting together an idea that might not work in reality -- but support your idea with concepts covered in class, from class readings, and your own search of the scientific literature. The format should be:

部分 页数限制
Section Page Limits
摘要 ...........................................1
Abstract......................................1
背景介绍与研究的重要性................... 6-8
Background and Significance.......Min 6-Max 8
课题描述.......................................6-8
Project Description......................Min 6-Max 8
参考材料.......................................无
References..................................None
行距.............................................1.5 (如因页数限制亦可采用单行距)
Spacing.......................................1.5-Spaced (single-spaced ok if necessary to fit in the page limits)
字体大小.......................................10-12
Font Size.....................................10-12 Point
边缘............................................顶部 0.75", 底部 1", 左边 0.75-1", 右边 0.75"
Margins.......................................Top 0.75", Bottom 1", Left 0.75-1", Right 0.75"

图片可以嵌入文本中也可以附在报告的最后（虽然我比较倾向前者）。从文献中引用的数据、示意图和表格对于有效地传达你的设计思想是很关键的，但是请把他们控制在整个报告的1／3篇幅之内。 在“摘要”中应该用1－2句话指出你提这个建议的动机，然后应该是关于你所研究的生物材料或装置的简要介绍：设计的基本原理，制造或合成的方法，以及测试该材料或装置的方法。 “背景介绍与研究的重要性”部分应该对以前的相关研究作一个充分的回顾 —— 不仅是解决你所讨论的问题的别的方法，还应包括与你所要采取的具体方法相关的研究。这样你就可以自然地引出你的动机 —— 这些是以前的方法的优点和缺点，这是我期望我的方法所要解决的。“课题描述”应该提供关于你将怎样设计你的新颖装置的具体细节。如果你的设备有多个组成部分，整个设备和每个组成部分的设计原理都应该描述清楚（这是你的“课题描述”中最重要的部分！）: 你为什么要选择这种方法？它有哪些局限？它怎样在现有的方法之上有所改进？然后：你将会使用那些材料？将怎样制造或合成那些材料？将如何测试最终的设备？这些描述不必象正式研究经费的申请中那样 —— 你不必讲述具体的实验方法。比如，假设你将使用扫描电子显微镜来观察你的装置的微观结构，你只要说明这一点就可以了，而不必解释你将使用多大的加速电压或者样品被观察之前是否会被加上涂层！请提供图片来解释你的概念，并引用文献上的现成数据来为你的创意提供支持。你的报告应该包含相当数量的与所讨论的课题有关的参考文献。
Figures may be inline with the text or placed at the end of the document (though inline would be preferred). Data from the literature/schematics/tables are a key way to effectively communicate your ideas, but please limit graphics and tables to comprising no more than 1/3 of the total space in your paper. The abstract should provide the motivation for your proposal in 1-2 sentences, followed by a brief outline of the biomaterial/device: the rationale for its design, the approach to fabrication/synthesis, and methods for testing the device.
The Background and Significance should provide a thorough review of relevant prior research in this area -- both of other approaches to solving your problem and a review of the background research relevant to the approach you are taking. In this way you should motivate your approach -- these are the pros and cons of prior approaches, this is what I hope my approach to address. The Project Description will provide the details of how you will design your novel device. If the device has multiple components, provide the rationale for the overall design and each component (this is the most important part of your project description!): why are you choosing this approach? What are its limitations? In what ways does it improve upon existing approaches? Next: What materials will be used? How will the device be synthesized/fabricated? How will you test the device? The description need not be in a grant-proposal style -- no need to develop detailed experimental methods. For example, if you would use scanning electron microscopy to characterize the microstructure of the device, simply state that; there is no need to explain what accelerating voltage will be used and whether samples will be coated prior to imaging! Provide figures to illustrate your concepts, and example data from the literature to support your ideas. Proposals should include a significant number of references covering the relevant background literature.

本专题的第二部分是分组的同侪审查。学期的中间你们将会组成4－5个学生的小组。然后每个小组会收到几个别的学生的报告（报告作者姓名将被隐去）。每个小组必须审阅这些报告并提供一份书面的评论。该评论应该基于小组成员通过阅读文献和本课讲座所获得的概念和知识。每个小组成员应该写出他／她自己的分析和见解，然后成员们开会汇总出一篇关于每份报告中提出的方法的优缺点的“评委总结”。这些同行的评论会随着打分后的报告返回给每个学生。本专题的这一部分的目的是锻炼学生们批判阅读的能力和技巧。
The second component of the term project is a team peer critique of the projects. Midway through the term, you will break up into small teams of 4-5 people. Each team will receive several of the proposals written by other students (proposals will be provided anonymously). The team will read the proposals and provide a written critique of the approach, based on their own project reading and concepts from class. Each team member will first write their own analysis, then the team will convene to write a 'panel summary' of the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed idea. The peer critiques will be returned with the graded proposals to each student. The objective of this part of the project is to exercise skills in critical reading.

本专题的评分包含两个部分：一部分是根据学生的报告，另一部分是根据他／她对本小组同侪审查的贡献。本课程的老师会打第一部分的分，同行对该报告的评论在这一过程中不会被考虑。 第二部分的分数是根据该学生所在小组的“评委总结”以及该学生自己对别的同学的报告的分析评论的质量而定。在总分中，第一部分的分数占80％，第二部分占20％。
The proposal project will comprise 2 grades: 1 for the proposal, and 1 for each student's contribution on the peer critiques. The Course Instructor will provide the final grade on the proposals; the peer critiques will not be used to assign proposal grades. However, the quality of the peer critiques will be assigned a second grade based on the individual analyses and the panel summary. The proposals will provide 80% of the term project grade and the critiques the final 20%.

第8堂课：交一个段落长短的〈课题描述〉
Day 8: One-paragraph Project Description Due
第18堂课：提交同侪审查的分组清单
Day 18: Submit Proposal Critique Team Lists
第20堂课：交个人的专题报告
Day 20: Proposal Projects Due
第21堂课：分配有待同侪审查的报告
Day 21: Proposals Assigned To Critique Teams
第23堂课：交同侪审查报告
Day 23: Final Proposal Critiques Due

生物组织工程
Tissue Engineering

• 可通过注射方法来使用的生物材料
  Injectable Biomaterials
• 可以控制干细胞向具体组织分化的细胞外基质
  Matrices for Controlling Stem Cell Differentiation into Tissues

生物感应器的设计
Biosensor Design

• 生化战争试剂 (神经毒气等)
  Biowarfare Agents (Neurotoxins, etc.)
• 糖尿病治疗仪器 (例如，组合的血糖浓度感应器和胰岛素释放控制器)
  Diabetes Treatment Devices (Combination Sensor/Insulin Release Regulator?)
• 大规模、阵列式处理的装置
  High-Throughput Array Devices

疫苗研发
Vaccine Development

• 爱滋病
  HIV
• C型肝炎
  Hepatitis C
• 疟疾
  Malaria
• 癌症
  Cancer

治疗方法学
Therapeutics

• 抗肿瘤装置
  Anti-Cancer Devices

口服方式的药物递送
Oral Drug Delivery

基因疗法
Gene Therapy

• 合成的基因传递载体
  Synthetic Gene Delivery Vectors