1.比较对照 Kevles 所讨论之两位优生学思想家理论中的性别、词性及重制之地位，简论达尔文性别及性状。
1. Compare and contrast the place of sex, gender, and reproduction in the ideas of two eugenic thinkers discussed by Kevles. Integrate a brief discussion of sex and gender in Darwin.

2.以 Omi 和 Winant 的“族群型塑”概念，论述 Blumenbach、Boas、和古尔德三者间的异同。
2. Discuss similarities and differences between Blumenbach, Boas, and Gould using Omi and Winant's notion of "racial formation."

3.比较对照巴西和纳粹／德国在种族卫生保健上的观念，各案例都一定要论及“国家”地位。
3. Compare and contrast notions of racial hygiene in Brazilian and Nazi/German eugenics. Be sure to discuss the place of the "nation" in each case.

4.使用 Bowker 和 Star 有关亚里斯多德学派和原型分类的概念，探讨有关种族之科学和法律概念如何在 Jacobson 所讨论之美国关于外来移民和外国文化移入的论战中互动。
4. Use Bowker and Star's ideas about Aristotelian and prototypical classification to examine how scientific and legal ideas about race interact in debates about immigration and naturalization in the United States as discussed by Jacobson.

报告2
Essay 2
(英文PDF)、 (英文DOC)

1.阅读 Donna Haraway 所著之《吸血鬼文化中的全球捐赠者》，以其中之〈III：基因组〉讨论并脉络化 Troy Duster 和 Michael Montoya 文中所讨论的案例。
1. Read Donna Haraway's "Universal Donors in a Vampire Culture." Use her section "III: Genome," to discuss and contextualize the cases discussed in Troy Duster's and Michael Montoya's articles.

2.如果您不赞同第一次报告中有关巴西优生学的部份，请考虑这个主题：阅读 Nayan Shah 所著之《公共卫生和中国城位置对照表》，比较本章和 Nancy Stepan 对巴西优生学的分析及 James Jones 在《科学“种族”经济》中论“Tuskegee 梅毒实验”(译注：美国公共卫生服务处于 1932 年至 1972 年计四十年间，于阿拉巴马州以 399 名非裔美国人为对象进行的梅毒末期实验计划，医护人员自始至终未告知病患所患何症，亦不以治愈病患为目的，实验被迫终止时，有 28 名患者因梅毒直接致死、100 名死于并发症、40 人的妻子被传染、19 名孩童先天性梅毒。http://www.infoplease.com/spot/bhmtuskegee1.html)一章中的“健康”与“种族”观念。
2. If you did not for the first paper write about Brazilian eugenics, consider this topic: Read Nayan Shah's "Public Health and the Mapping of Chinatown." Compare notions of "health" and "race" in this chapter with both Nancy Stepan's analysis of Brazilian eugenics as well as James Jones' chapter in The "Racial" Economy of Science on "The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment."

3.请以 Nancy Stepan 和 Sander Gilman 合着之《挪用科学术语：抵制科学的种族主义》，讨论珊卓．哈定收录在科学“种族”经济中的下列两篇文章：
3. Use Nancy Stepan and Sander Gilman's "Appropriating the Idioms of Science: The Rejection of Scientific Racism" to discuss the following other two articles from Harding's "Racial" Economy of Science:

Hine, Darlene Clark 所著之〈奉事主的同工：十九世纪的非裔女医生〉，收录于珊卓．哈定汇编之《科学“种族”经济：迈向民主的未来》，Bloomington: Indiana University Press，1993，第 210-227 页，ISBN: 0253326931。
Hine, Darlene Clark. "Co-Laborers in the Work of the Lord: Nineteenth Century Black Women Physicians." In The "Racial" Economy of Science: Toward a Democratic Future. Edited by Sandra Harding. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. pp. 210-227. ISBN: 0253326931.

Kreiger, Nancy 和 Mary Bassett 合着之〈非裔族群的健康：科学里的疾病、阶级和意识型态〉，收录于珊卓．哈定汇编之《科学“种族”经济：迈向民主的未来》，Bloomington: Indiana University Press，1993，第 161-169 页，ISBN: 0253326931。
Kreiger, Nancy, and Mary Bassett. "The Health of Black Folk: Disease, Class, and Ideology in Science." In The "Racial" Economy of Science: Toward a Democratic Future. Edited by Sandra Harding. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. pp. 161-169. ISBN: 0253326931.

请以您对 Troy Duster 对基因体学时代中有关“种族”新医疗应用之论点的看法作结，并简论其将如何发展为令人紧张焦虑的种族政治议题。(译注 Duster 认为基因疗法将助长种族区隔与歧视，原文请参阅 http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentaries/commentary_text.php4?id=1604&lang=1&m=contributor；中译请参阅 http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentaries/commentary_text.php4?id=1604&lang=7&m=series)
Conclude with reflections on Troy Duster's arguments about new medical uses of "race" in the age of genomics and briefly discuss how these might be approached in ways sensitive to the fraught politics of race.

4.引述 Londa Schiebinger 和 Terry Kapsalis 的文章，历史化 Donna Haraway 于《乐园中的人猿、太空中的人猿：以国家地理频道的科学家身份进行抚育工作》一文中所论非人灵长类动物 (如人猿) 之流行科学图像里的“白人”角色。(译注：为《灵长类观点：性别、种族及现代科学界的本质 (Primate visions: Gender, race, and nature in the world of modern science)》第七章，原文内容请上 http://www.amazon.com 搜寻；Donna Haraway 著作等身、教学不辍，影响遍及文化研究、女性研究、政治理论、灵长类动物学、文学及哲学等领域，小传请参阅 http://www.egs.edu/faculty/haraway.html)
4. Drawing on the writings of Londa Schiebinger and Terry Kapsalis, historicize Donna Haraway's discussion in "Apes in Eden, Apes in Space: Mothering as a Scientist for National Geographic" on the role of "whiteness" in fashioning scientific portraits of non-human primates like apes.

报告3
Essay 3
(英文PDF)、 (英文DOC)

1.请以下列两项厘清核武工艺及测试下的“种族经济”
1. Puzzle through the "racial economy" of nuclear weapons work and testing using both
a.Churchill 和 LaDuke 的美洲原住民“放射状殖民主义”观念
a. Churchill and LaDuke's notion of "radioactive colonialism" in Native America
以及
and
b.Wong 的“Los Alamos 事件”谈话以及 Masco〈测谎机：论 Los Alamos 的机密与超机密〉一文，就核武情结对亚裔美国人的典型伤害分析。(译注：Los Alamos 事件，指 1999 年美国加利福尼亚大学监管之 Los Alamos 国家实验室，指控华裔科学家李文和涉嫌间谍行为一案。Cheuk-Yin Wong 时任美国海外华人物理学会主席，于 2000 年美国物理学会举办之“科学和国家安全”发表相关谈话，内容请参阅 http://www.ocpaweb.org/llnl/WongAPS.txt；Joseph Masco 文章请参阅 http://www.uchicago.edu/research/jnl-pub-cult/backissues/pc38/masco.html。)
b. The analysis of damaging stereotypes of Asian Americans in the nuclear complex outlined in Wong's "The Los Alamos Incident" and Masco's "Lie Detectors: On Secrets and Hypersecurity in Los Alamos."

2.请引述 Takaki 〈典型化少数民族的神话〉及 Englash〈种族、性别、和书呆子：从黑人计算机高手到亚裔美籍的嬉普士〉两篇文章，检视美国国内种族 (及性别) 政治学的定型化与科学教育挂?的情况，如果您认为两者相关，请将您的看法与论述公布在 MIT。(译注：Takaki 文字出自《穿不同鞋子的陌生人》一书，请参阅http://www.totse.com/en/ego/literary_genius/modelmin.html；Ron Englash 一文请参阅 http://www.rpi.edu/~eglash/eglash.dir/ethnic.dir/nerds.dir/nerd.htm。)
2. Drawing on Takaki's "The Myth of the Model Minority" and Englash's "Race, Sex, and Nerds: From Black Geeks to Asian American Hipsters," examine the politics of racial (and gender) stereotyping in connection with science education in the United States. If you think it relevant, draw on your own sense of such dynamics at MIT.

3.请以 Gomez-Pena 的《生化国族和遗传工程制造出的墨西哥人》为引，提出 Kumar 之《过客：美国的印度籍 H-1B 劳工》有那些方法，能够变成修饰过的美国南亚移民劳工政治策略的政治声明。(译注：H1B特殊专业人员临时工作签证，为签发给受美国雇主雇用，从事专业工作之外籍人士的短期工作签证。Guillermo Gomez-Pena，多媒体表演艺术家，创作多以跨文化与南北关系为题，请参阅 http://www.movingpartspress.com/Text/guillermo.html。Amitava Kumar，Penn State 大学英文系教授，请参阅 http://english.la.psu.edu/faculty.asp?id=24&pID=39)
3. Using Gomez-Peña's "Ethno-cyborgs and Genetically Engineered Mexicans" as an inspiration, suggest ways that Kumar's "Temporary Access: The Indian H-1B Worker in the United States" could be transformed into an artistically rendered political statement about the politics of South Asian immigrant workers in the United States.

4.利用上述任一题重新搭配组合，或使用课程第二部份的阅读资料 (“种族的再形成：形成和再制科学术语”) 自订主题申论之。
4. Mix and match any of the above, or, using materials from the second part of our course, "Reformulating Race: Making and Remaking the Idioms of Science," develop your own topic.