除了上课时使用的阅读参考书目外，还可以看下面readings by session按章节划分的阅读材料
In addition to the bibliography of readings used in the course, see the readings by session below.

课本和阅读材料
Textbooks and Readings

由于多领域系统设计最优化是一门相对年轻的学科，目前已知的还没有哪本书适合作教材覆盖本课程的全部内容。但还是有许多有用的资料供参考：
Due to the fact that multidisciplinary system design optimization is a relatively young field, we know of no single textbook that would capture all the material of this course and be suitable as a classroom text. There are, however, a number of references that could potentially be useful:

Papalambros, Panos Y., and Douglass J. Wilde. 《最佳设计原理－建模和计算》. 第二版. Cambridge, UK: 剑桥大学出版社, 2000. ISBN: 0521627273. （平装本）
Papalambros, Panos Y., and Douglass J. Wilde. Principles of Optimal Design – Modeling and Computation. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000. ISBN: 0521627273. (Paperback)

Vanderplaats, Garret N.《工程设计中的数值最优化技术》 . 第三版.
Colorado Springs: Vanderplaats Research & Development Inc., 2001. ISBN: 0944956017.Vanderplaats, Garret N. Numerical Optimization Techniques for Engineering Design. 3rd ed. Colorado Springs: Vanderplaats Research & Development Inc., 2001. ISBN: 0944956017.

Steuer, R. E.《多准则最优化：理论、计算和应用》.
New York: Wiley, 1986. ISBN: 047188846X.Steuer, R. E. Multiple Criteria Optimization: Theory, Computation and Application. New York: Wiley, 1986. ISBN: 047188846X.

Goldberg, David E.《搜索、最优化和机器学习中的遗传算法》.
Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN: 0201157675.Goldberg, David E. Genetic Algorithms – in Search, Optimization & Machine Learning. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN: 0201157675.

Alexandrov, N. M., and M. Y. Hussaini, eds.《多领域设计最优化：最新进展》 . 应用数学丛书学报, No. 80. Soc for Industrial & Applied Math, 1997. ISBN: 0898713595.
Alexandrov, N. M., and M. Y. Hussaini, eds. Multidisciplinary Design Optimization: State of the Art. Proceedings in Applied Mathematics Series, No. 80. Soc for Industrial & Applied Math, 1997. ISBN: 0898713595.

Fogel, Owens, and Walsh. 《模拟进化中的人工智能》 .
New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1966. Fogel, Owens, and Walsh. Artificial Intelligence Through Simulated Evolution. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1966. 

Statnikov, Roman B., and Joseph B. Matusov.《多准则最优化和工程》. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1995. ISBN: 0412992310.
Statnikov, Roman B., and Joseph B. Matusov. Multicriteria Optimization and Engineering. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1995. ISBN: 0412992310.

阅读会在一节课结束时布置。在整个学期过程都会分发或以电子版贴出精选的研究论文。
Readings will be assigned at the end of a lecture. Selected research articles will be handed out and/or posted electronically throughout the semester.

Readings by Session

节	课程单元	阅读资料
单元1：问题阐述及计划 Module 1: Problem for Formulation and Setup
1	多领域系统设计最优化导论 Introduction to Multidisciplinary System Design Optimization 课程管理、学习目标、MSDO对工程系统的重要性、“牛奶农场”问题示例 Course Administration, Learning Objectives, Importance of MSDO for Engineering Systems, "Dairy Farm" Sample Problems	课程大纲Course syllabus Papalambros. 《最佳设计原理》.第一章. Papalambros. Principles of Optimal Design. Chapter 1. 〈最新进展白皮书〉，《AIAA MDO白皮书》，1991 "White Paper on Current State of the Art." AIAA MDO White Paper, 1991.
2	开放实验 Open Lab
3	问题阐述 Problem Formulation 定义、数学符号、设计变量导论、参数、约束、目标 Definitions, Mathematical Notation, Introduction of Design Variables - Parameters, Constraints, Objectives 形式化的最佳设计问题定义 Formal Optimal Design Problem Definition 仿真模型和优化器的区别 Distinction between Simulation Model and Optimizer 随堂练习：课堂角色扮演（学生小组）来找出一系列复杂系统或产品的问题描述 Active Learning Exercise: In Class Role Play (Student Groups) to Find Problem Formulation for a Range of Complex Systems/Products	Kroo, I. 〈初步设计中的MDO应用：状况和方向〉，《AIAA 论文97-1408》 1997. Kroo, I. "MDO Applications in Preliminary Design: Status and Directions." AIAA Paper 97-1408, 1997. Kroo, I. 和V. Manning. 〈协作优化：状况和方向〉，《AIAA 论文 2000-4721》，2000. Kroo, I. and V. Manning. "Collaborative Optimization: Status and Directions." AIAA Paper 2000-4721, 2000. Sobieski, I.和I. Kroo. 〈使用协作最优化的飞机设计〉，《AIAA 论文 96-0715》，1996. Sobieski, I., and I. Kroo. "Aircraft Design Using Collaborative Optimization." AIAA Paper 96-0715, 1996. Balling, R.和C. Wilkinson. 〈普通测试问题中多领域设计最优化的实行〉，《 AIAA 论文96-4033》，1996. Balling, R., and C. Wilkinson. "Execution of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Approaches on Common Test Problems." AIAA Paper 96-4033, 1996. Giesing, J.和J. Barthelemy. 〈工业领域MDO应用和需要的总结.〉，《AIAA 白皮书1998》. Giesing, J., and J. Barthelemy. "A Summary of Industry MDO Applications and Needs." AIAA White Paper, 1998. 《多领域优化设计的最新进展》， AIAA MDO 技术委员会，1991. "Current state-of-the-art in Multidisciplinary Design Optimization." AIAA MDO Technical Committee, 1991.
4	建模和仿真（分发iSIGHT CD光盘） Modeling and Simulation (iSIGHT CD-ROM handed out) 设计变量－>目标映射，仿真模块识别，基于物理建模(控制方程)vs. 经验建模，N2方图和设计结构矩阵，模型的精确度和评测基准，建模环境，减少运行时间的策略 Design Variable -> Objective Mapping, Simulation Module Identification, Physics-based Modeling (Governing Equations) vs. Empirical Modeling, N2 Diagrams and Design Structure - Matrices (DSM), Model Fidelity and Benchmarking, Modeling Environments, Runtime Reduction Strategies 随堂练习：找出通信卫星的N2方图 Active Learning: Find N2 Diagram for Communication Satellite	Kockler, F. R.等，《系统工程管理指南》 ， 国防系统管理学院, Gov't Printing Office, 1990.Kockler, F. R., et al. Systems Engineering Management Guide. Defense Systems Management College, Gov't Printing Office, 1990. Rogers, James L. 《DeMAID/GA 用户指南－利用遗传算法帮助设计经理进行智能分解》，April 1996. NASA TM - 110241. Rogers, James L. DeMAID/GA User's Guide - Design Manager's Aid for Intelligent Decomposition with a Genetic Algorithm. April 1996. NASA TM - 110241. Steward, D. V. 《系统分析和管理：结构、策略和设计》， New York: Petrocelli, 1981. Steward, D. V. System Analysis and Management: Structure, Strategy and Design. New York: Petrocelli, 1981. Steward, D. V. 〈等式系统的划分和分解〉，《数字分析SIAM学报》， Ser. B. 2, no. 2 (1965): 345-65. Steward, D. V. "Partitioning and Tearing Systems of Equations." SIAM Journal of Numerical Analysis. Ser. B. 2, no. 2 (1965): 345-65. Ulrich, K. T.和S. D. Eppinger.《产品设计和开发》 ，McGraw-Hill. Ulrich, K. T., and S. D. Eppinger. Product Design and Development. McGraw-Hill. Walton, M.和D. Hastings.〈空间系统的精益干净表设计〉， 《AIAA空间会议和展览学报》，CA: Long Beach, September 1981. Walton, M., and D. Hastings. "Striving Toward Lean Clean Sheet Design of Space Systems." Procedings of the AIAA Space Conference and Exposition. CA: Long Beach, September 1981. 麻省理工学院设计结构矩阵 The MIT Design Structure Matrix
5	实验1：最优化导论 Lab 1: Introduction to Optimization
6	分解和组合 Decomposition and Coupling 任务序列，并行化，类C语言－优化器组合，处理整合和设计优化环境（PIDO），形式化的MDO方法：协作最优化（CO），并发子空间最优化（CSSO），两级集成系统（BLISS） Task Sequencing, Parallelization, Simcode-optimizer Coupling, Process Integration and Design Optimization (PIDO) Environments, Formal MDO Approaches: Collaborative Optimization (CO), Concurrent Subspace Optimization (CSSO), Bi-level Integrated System Synthesis (BLISS)	Sobieski, Jaroslaw, Altus, Phillips, and Sandusky. 〈并发和分布式处理中两级系统的集成〉，《AIAA学报》41, no. 10 (October 2003): 1996-2003. Sobieski, Jaroslaw, Altus, Phillips, and Sandusky. "Bi-level Integrated System Synthesis for Concurrent and Distributed Processing." AIAA Journal 41, no. 10 (October 2003): 1996-2003. Sobieski, I. P.和I. M. Kroo.〈利用反应曲面估计进行协作最优化〉，《AIAA 学报》38, no. 10 (October 2000). Sobieski, I. P., and I. M. Kroo. "Collaborative Optimization Using Response Surface Estimation." AIAA Journal 38, no. 10 (October 2000). Braun, R. D.和I. M. Kroo. 〈多领域设计环境下协作最优化架构的开发和应用〉，《ICASE/NASA Langle关于MDO的讨论会》， March 13-16, 1995. Braun, R. D., and I. M. Kroo. "Development and Application of the Collaborative Optimization Architecture in a Multidisciplinary Design Environment." ICASE/NASA Langley Workshop on MDO, March 13-16, 1995. Cramer, Erin J.等，〈多领域最优化问题描述〉，《SIAM最优化杂志》 4, no. 4 (November 1994): 754-776. Cramer, Erin J., et al. "Problem Formulation for Multidisciplinary Optimization." SIAM Journal of Optimization 4, no. 4 (November 1994): 754-776. Alexandrov, Natalia M.等，〈多领域设计最优化－最新进展〉，《SIAM》 (1994). Alexandrov, Natalia M., ed. "Multidisciplinary Design Optimization – State of the Art." SIAM (1994). Kroo, I. 〈初步设计中的MDO应用：状态和方向〉，《AIAA 论文97-1408》， 1997. Kroo, I. "MDO Applications in Preliminary Design: Status and Directions." AIAA Paper 97-1408, 1997. Kroo, I.和V. Manning，〈协作最优化：状况和方向〉，《AIAA 论文 2000-4721》， 2000. Kroo, I., and V. Manning. "Collaborative Optimization: Status and Directions." AIAA Paper 2000-4721, 2000. Sobieski, I.和I. Kroo.〈使用协作最优化的飞机设计〉，《AIAA 论文 96-0715》，1996. Sobieski, I., and I. Kroo. "Aircraft design using Collaborative Optimization." AIAA Paper 96-0715, 1996. Balling, R.和C. Wilkinson.，〈普通测试问题中多领域设计最优化的实行〉，《 AIAA论文96-4033》，1996. Balling, R., and C. Wilkinson. "Execution of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Approaches on common test problems." AIAA Paper 96-4033, 1996. Giesing, J.和J. Barthelemy. 〈工业领域MDO应用和需要的总结〉，《AIAA 白皮书》，1998. Giesing, J., and J. Barthelemy. "A summary of industry MDO Applications and Needs." AIAA White Paper, 1998. 〈多领域最优化设计的最新进展〉，AIAA MDO 技术委员会，1991. "Current state-of-the-art in Multidisciplinary Design Optimization." AIAA MDO Technical Committee, 1991. 〈多领域系统的最佳设计〉，《AIAA 专业开发简短课程笔记》，September 2002. "Optimal Design in Multidisciplinary Systems." AIAA Professional Development Short Course Notes, September 2002.
7	设计空间检索 Design Space Exploration 实验设计（DoE）：全阶乘，蒙特卡罗，参数学习（单变量搜索），一次一个，正交矩阵（Taguchi），拉丁超立方体 Design of Experiments (DoE): Full Factorial, Monte Carlo, Parameter Study (Univariate Search), one-at-a-time, Orthogonal Arrays (Taguchi), Latin Hypercubes 随堂练习：纸飞机 Active Learning Exercise: Paper Airplane	phadke.《使用稳健设计的质量工程》， Prentice Hall, 1995. Phadke. Quality Engineering Using Robust Design. Prentice Hall, 1995. Box, G., W. Hunter和J. Hunter.〈实验统计学〉，《John Wiley和儿子们》，1978. Box, G., W. Hunter, and J. Hunter. Statistics for Experimenters. John Wiley and Sons, 1978.
8	实验1：最优化导论（续） Lab 1: Introduction to Optimization (cont.)
单元2:最优化和搜索方法 Module 2: Optimization and Search Methods
9	数值最优化I Numerical Optimization I 最优解的存在性和唯一性，Karush-Kuhn-Tucke条件，凸集和非凸集空间，无约束问题，线性规划 Existence and Uniqueness of an Optimum Solution, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker Conditions, Convex and Non-convex Spaces, Unconstrained Problems, Linear Programming 随堂练习 Active Learning Exercise
10	数值最优化II Numerical Optimization II 约束问题，降低梯度和梯度投影方法，惩罚和障碍方法，扩张拉格朗日法，投影拉格朗日法，收敛终止条件，混合整数规划，举例 Constrained Problems, Reduced Gradient and Gradient Projection Methods, Penalty and Barrier Methods, Augmented Lagrangian Methods, Projected Lagrangian Methods, Convergence and Termination Criteria, Mixed-integer Programming, Examples 随堂练习 Active Learning Exercise	Gill, P. E., W. Murray 和M. H. Wright.《最优化实践》，Academic Press, 1986. Gill, P. E., W. Murray and M. H. Wright. Practical Optimization. Academic Press, 1986. Vanderplaats, G. N. 〈工程设计中的数值最优化技术〉 ，《Vanderplaats研发》，1999. Vanderplaats, G. N. Numerical Optimization Techniques for Engineering Design. Vanderplaats R&D, 1999. 〈多领域系统的最佳设计〉，《AIAA 专业开发简短课程笔记》，September 2002. Optimal Design in Multidisciplinary Systems. AIAA Professional Development Short Course Notes, September 2002.
11	开放实验 Open Lab
12	灵敏度分析 Sensitivity Analysis Jacobian, Hessia矩阵属性，灵敏度分析w.r.t设计变量，固定参数和约束，归一化，有限差分逼近算法，自动差分算法，ANOVA，伴随矩阵法，例子 Jacobian, Hessian Matrix Properties, Sensitivity Analysis w.r.t Design Variables, Fixed Parameters and Constraints, Normalization, Finite Difference Approximation, Automatic Differentiation, ANOVA, Adjoint Methods, Examples 随堂练习 Active Learning Exercise	Papalambros –8.2部分 计算生成物 Papalambros – Section 8.2 Computing Derivatives
13	客席演讲1 Guest Lecture 1 MDO概述，最优化中的问题 Overview of MDO, Issues in Optimization
14	模拟退火 Simulated Annealing (SA) 统计力学类比，模拟退火算法，Metropolis步骤， 系统温度冷却调整控制，相对于遗传算法的优势和不足，多目标模拟退火，Tabu搜索，例子 Statistical Mechanics Analogy, Simulated Annealing Algorithm, Metropolis Step, System Temperature Cooling Schedule Tuning, Strengths and Weaknesses Relative to GA, Multiobjective SA, Tabu Search, Examples	Cerny, V. 〈旅行商问题的热力学解法－一种高效的模拟算法〉，《最优化理论应用学报》45, no. 1 (1985): 41-51. Cerny, V. "Thermodynamical Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem: An Efficient Simulation Algorithm." J. Opt. Theory Appl. 45, no. 1 (1985): 41-51. de Weck, O. L. 〈利用模拟退火算法的系统最优化〉，《备忘录》. de Weck, O. L. "System Optimization with Simulated Annealing (SA)." Memorandum. Cohanim B., J. Hewitt和O. L. de Weck.〈利用多目标最优化来排列射电望远镜：成像性能vs. 电缆长度〉，《天体物理学报》(2004). （出版中） Cohanim B., J. Hewitt, and O. L. de Weck. "The Design of Radio Telescope Array Configurations using Multiobjective Optimization: Imaging Performance versus Cable Length." The Astrophysical Journal (2004). (in press) Jilla, C. D.和D. W. Miller. 〈对分布式卫星系统设计中启发式模拟退火算法性能的评估〉，Acta Astronautica 48, no. 5-12 (2001): 529-43. Jilla, C. D., and D. W. Miller. "Assessing the Performance of a Heuristic Simulated Annealing Algorithm for the Design of Distributed Satellite Systems." Acta Astronautica 48, no. 5-12 (2001): 529-43. Kirkpatrick, S., C. D. Gelatt和M. P. Vecchi.〈用模拟退火算法进行最优化〉，《科学》220, no. 4598 (13 May 1983): 671-80. Kirkpatrick, S., C. D. Gelatt, and M. P. Vecchi. "Optimization by Simulated Annealing." Science 220, no. 4598 (13 May 1983): 671-80. Metropolis, N., A. Rosenbluth, M. Rosenbluth, A. Teller, and E. Teller. 〈利用快速计算机器的状态计算方程〉，《化学物理学报》21, no. 6 (1953): 1087-1092. Metropolis, N., A. Rosenbluth, M. Rosenbluth, A. Teller, and E. Teller. "Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines." J. Chem. Phys. 21, no. 6 (1953): 1087-1092. Brooks, R. R., S. S. Iyenger,和S. Rai. 〈对多传感器系统计算最小耗费的遗传算法和模拟退火算法的比较〉，《光学工程》37, no. 2 (Feb. 1998): 505-16. Brooks, R. R., S. S. Iyenger, and S. Rai. "Comparison of Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing for Cost Minimization in a Multisensor System." Optical Engineering 37, no. 2 (Feb. 1998): 505-16. Jilla, C. D., D. W. Miller和R. J. Sedwick. 〈分布式卫星系统中多领域设计最优化技术的应用〉，《宇宙飞船和火箭学报》37, no. 4 (2000): 481-90. Jilla, C. D., D. W. Miller, and R. J. Sedwick. "Application of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Techniques to Distributed Satellite Systems." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 37, no. 4 (2000): 481-90. Schulz, A. S.《元启发式技术》，15.057 系统最优化课程注释, MIT, 1999. Schulz, A. S. "Metaheuristics." 15.057 Systems Optimization Course Notes, MIT, 1999. T模拟退火算法技术报告和相关主题 ech. Reports on Simulated Annealing & Related Topics 模拟退火信息 Simulated Annealing Information
15	遗传算法I Genetic Algorithms I 组合最优化问题，启发式搜索方法概述，进化计算，基本的遗传算法，染色体解码和编码，选择，交叉，变异算子，群体策略 Combinatorial Optimization Problems, Overview of Heuristic (Stochastic) Search Methods, Evolutionary Computing, Basic Genetic Algorithm, Chromosome Encoding/Decoding, Selection, Crossover, Mutation Operators, Population Strategies 随堂练习：二进制遗传算法游戏 Active Learning Exercise: The binary GA Game	Holland J. 《自然和人造系统中的适应性》，密歇根大学出版社, 1975.Holland J. "Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems." University of Michigan Press, 1975. Goldberg, D. E.《搜索、最优化和机器学习中的遗传算法》，Addison Wesley, 1989. Goldberg, D. E. "Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning." Addison Wesley, 1989. Schulz, A. S. 15.057　系统最优化，课堂笔记。注意，课程的很多图表都来自笔记。 Schulz, A. S. 15.057 Systems Optimization, Course Notes. Note a number of charts in this lecture are derived from notes. Baeck, 《进化算法理论与实践》. N. Y.: Oxford, 1996. Baeck, T. Evolutionary Algorithms in Theory and Practice. N. Y.: Oxford, 1996. Zalzala, A.和P. J. Fleming编辑. 〈工程系统中的遗传算法〉，《控制工程 》丛书55. The Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), 1997. Zalzala, A., and P. J. Fleming, eds. "Genetic Algorithms in Engineering Systems." Control Engineering Series 55. The Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), 1997.
16	遗传算法II Genetic Algorithms II 遗传算法专业变量：并行遗传算法，扩散遗传算法，微系统遗传算法和细胞自动机 Specialty Variants of GA's: Parallel GA's, Diffusion GA, Micro-GA and Cellular Automata 约束决定在多目标优化中遗传算法的应用，杂交限制，Pareto适应群，物种形成 Constraint Resolution, Application of GA's in Multiobjective Optimization, Mating Restrictions, Pareto Fitness Ranking, Speciation
17	实验2：最优化算法 Lab 2: Optimization Algoritms
18	粒子流优选法 Particle Swarm Optimization	Kennedy, J.和R. Eberhart. 〈粒子流优选法〉，《IEEE国际神经网络会议学报》 Perth, Australia, 1995, pp. 1942-45. Kennedy, J., and R. Eberhart. "Particle Swarm Optimization." Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, Perth, Australia, 1995, pp. 1942-45. Venter, G.和J. Sobieski. 《微群优化》，AIAA　2002-1235，第43届 AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 结构、结构动力学和材料会议，Denver, CO., April 2002. Venter, G., and J. Sobieski. "Particle Swarm Optimization." AIAA 2002-1235, 43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Denver, CO., April 2002. Kennedy, J.和R. Eberhart.《群件智能》，第一版. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2001. Kennedy, J., and R. Eberhart. Swarm Intelligence. 1st ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2001.
19	后最优性分析 Post-optimality Analysis 基于梯度和启发式算法的收敛，拉格朗日乘数，对偶理论 Convergence for Gradient-Based and Heuristic Algorithms, Lagrange Multipliers, Duality Theory	Gill, P. E., W. Murray, and M. H. Wright.《最优化实践》. London: Academic Press, 1981. Gill, P. E., W. Murray, and M. H. Wright. Practical Optimization. London: Academic Press, 1981. Vanderplaats, G. N.《工程设计中的数字最优化技术》. Vanderplaats R&D, 1999. Vanderplaats, G. N. Numerical Optimization Techniques for Engineering Design. Vanderplaats R&D, 1999. Willcox, K. and S. Wakayama. 〈多飞机产品线的同步最优化〉，《AIAA论文 2002-1423》, 2002. Willcox, K. and S. Wakayama. "Simultaneous Optimization of a Multiple-Aircraft Family." AIAA Paper 2002-1423, 2002.
20	实验2：最优化算法 Lab 2: Optimization Algoritms
单元３：多目标和随机的挑战 Module 3: Multiobjective and Stochastic Challenges
21	目标规划 Goal Programming 目标vs. 约束 Objectives Versus Constraints 作为等式约束的性能目标，同效性，轮廓跟踪算法，Jacobian单值分解，目标规划，令人满意的设计理念，目标层叠 Performance Targets as Equality Constraints, Isoperformance, Contour following Algorithms, Singular Value Decomposition of Jacobian, Goal Programming, Satisficing Design Philosophy, Target Cascading
22	多目标最优化I Multiobjective Optimization I 标量vs.矢量优化，矢量最大值问题，Edgeworth-Pareto最优性，一般性的Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件，强势和弱势管理，占优矩阵，多目标线形规划，优选权和集合方法（第一代方法） Scalar versus Vector Optimization, The Vector Maximum Problem, Edgeworth-Pareto Optimality, Generalized Karush-Kuhn-Tucker Conditions, Strong and Weak Dominance, Domination Matrix, Multiobjective Linear Programming (MOLP), Preference Weightings and Aggregation Methods (1st Generation Methods)
23	开放实验 Open Lab
24	多目标最优化II Multiobjective Optimization II Pareto 边界（2维）和多面体表面（多维）的形成，正态边界交点NBI，多目标进化（第二代）算法，基于适应群体理论的Pareto方法回顾 Generation of Pareto frontier (2D) and Surface (Multidimensional), Normal-boundary Intersection (NBI), Multiobjective Evolutionary (2nd Generation) Algorithms, Review of Pareto Based Fitness Ranking Schemes 相关研究和工业应用实例，权衡分辨力/设计可选性，效用和游戏理论的关系 Research and Industrial Examples, Tradeoff Resolution/Design Selection, Relationship with Utility and Game Theory	Edgeworth, F. Y.《数学心理学》 P. Keagan, 英国,伦敦, 1881. Edgeworth, F. Y. Mathematical Psychics. P. Keagan, London, England, 1881. Pareto, V. Manuale di Economia Politica. Societa Editrice Libraria, Milano, Italy, 1906. A. S. Schwier翻译成英文：《政治经济学手册》. New York: Macmillan, 1971. Pareto, V. Manuale di Economia Politica. Societa Editrice Libraria, Milano, Italy, 1906. Translated into English by A. S. Schwier as Manual of Political Economy. New York: Macmillan, 1971. Ehrgott, M.《多准则最优化》， Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 2000. Ehrgott, M. Multicriteria Optimization. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 2000. Stadler, W. 〈多准则最优化纵览或向量最大值问题〉，《最优化理论和应用杂志》29 (1979): 1-52. Stadler, W. "A Survey of Multicriteria Optimization, or the Vector Maximum Problem." Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 29 (1979): 1-52. Stadler, W.〈多准则最优化在工程和科学中的应用〉，《多准则决策－过去十年和将来的趋势》，M. Zeleny编辑. Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press, 1984. Stadler, W. "Applications of Multicriteria Optimization in Engineering and the Sciences (A Survey)." Multiple Criteria Decision Making – past Decade and Future Trends. Edited by M. Zeleny. Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press, 1984. Stadler, W. 《工程和科学中的多准则最优化》. New York, NY: Plenum Press, 1988. Stadler, W. Multicriteria Optimization in Engineering and in the Sciences. New York, NY: Plenum Press, 1988. Steuer, Ralph. 《多准则最优化－理论、计算和应用》，1985. Steuer, Ralph. "Multiple Criteria Optimization - Theory, Computation and Application." 1985.
25	设计空间最优化 Design Space Optimization 多级最优化问题，设计空间最优化－设计变量的个数作为一个设计变量，概念设计最优化，概念选择时的S-pareto方法结构拓扑最优化和MEMS的应用 Multi-level Optimization Problems, Design Space Optimization - Number of Design Variables as a Design Variable, Conceptual Design Optimization, S-pareto Approach to Concept Selection, Applications from Structural Topology Optimization and MEMS	Bendsoe, M. O.和N. Kikuchi. 〈在结构设计中使用均匀化方法生成最优拓扑〉，Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng. 71 (1988): 197-224. Bendsoe, M. O., and N. Kikuchi. "Generating Optimal Topologies in Structural Design using a Homogenization Method." Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng. 71 (1988): 197-224. Yang, R. J.和C. H. Chuang. 〈利用线性规划进行最优拓扑设计〉，Comp. Struct. 52, no. 2 (1994): 265-275. Yang, R. J., and C. H. Chuang. "Optimal Topology Design using Linear Programming." Comp. Struct. 52, no. 2 (1994): 265-275. Xie, Y. M.和G. P. Steven. 〈一个结构优化中的简单进化过程〉，《计算与结构》 49 (1993): 885-896. Xie, Y. M., and G. P. Steven. "A Simple Evolutionary procedure for Structural Optimization." Comput. And Struct. 49 (1993): 885-896. Hassani B., and E. Hinton.〈均匀化和拓扑最优化回顾I – 具有周期结构的媒体均匀化理论〉，C《计算力学》69, no.6 (1998): 707-717. Hassani B., and E. Hinton. "A Review of Homogenization and Topology Optimization I - Homogenization Theory for Media with Periodic Structure." Comput. Mech. 69, no. 6 (1998): 707-717. Olhoff, N.等，〈集成CAD结构拓扑和设计最优化， 《计算机方法》In Appl. Mech. Engng. 89 (1991): 259-79. Olhoff, N., et al. "On Cad-Integrated Structural Topology and Design Optimization." Computer Meth. In Appl. Mech. Engng. 89 (1991): 259-79. Bremicker, M., M. Chirehdast, N. Kikuch和P. Y. Papalambros. 〈结构设计中的集成拓扑和形状最优化〉， Mech. Struct. and Mach. 19, no. 4 (1991): 551-587. Bremicker, M., M. Chirehdast, N. Kikuch, and P. Y. Papalambros. "Integrated Topology and Shape Optimization in Structural Design." Mech. Struct. and Mach. 19, no. 4 (1991): 551-587. Hinton, E.等，〈集成结构拓扑、形状和尺寸最优化方法〉，《计算力学，新趋势和应用》. Barcelona, Spain, 1998. Hinton, E., et al. "Integrating Structural Topology, Shape and Sizing Optimization Methods." Computational Mechanics, New Trends and Applications. Barcelona, Spain, 1998. Ramm, E., K. Maute 和S. Schwarz. 〈自适应拓扑和形状最优化〉，《计算力学，新趋势和应用》 . Barcelona, Spain, 1998. Ramm, E., K. Maute and S. Schwarz. "Adaptive Topology and Shape Optimization." Computational Mechanics, New Trends and Applications. Barcelona, Spain, 1998. Kim, Yong II和Byung Man Kwak. 〈利用数字设计连续方法设计空间最优化〉，《工程数字方法国际学报》53 (2002): 1979-2002. Kim, Yong II, and Byung Man Kwak. "Design Space Optimization using a Numerical Design Continuation Method." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 53 (2002): 1979-2002.
26	实验3：多目标最优化 Lab 3: Multiobjective Optimization
27	逼近方法 Approximation Methods 设计变量链接，基于规约的方法，反应曲面逼近，克里金插值法，与多变量函数近似的神经网络，变量精确度模型 Design Variable Linking, Reduced-basis Methods, Response Surface Approximations, Kriging, Neural Networks as Multivariable Function Approximators, Variable-fidelity Models	Barthelemy, J-F. M.和R. T. Haftka. 〈最优结构设计中的近似概念－回顾〉，《结构最优化》 5 (1993): 129-144. Barthelemy, J-F. M., and R. T. Haftka. "Approximation Concepts for Optimum Structural Design – a Review." Structural Optimization 5 (1993): 129-144. Giunta, A. A.和L. T. Watson. 〈两种近似建模技术比较－多项式模型vs.内插模型〉，《AIAA论文 98-4758》, 1998. Giunta, A. A. and L. T. Watson. "A Comparison of Approximation Modeling Techniques: Polynomial versus Interpolating Models." AIAA Paper 98-4758, 1998. LeGresley, P. A. 和J. J. Alonso. 〈利用基于正交分解的降序模型进行螺旋桨设计最优化〉，《AIAA论文 2000-2545》. LeGresley, P. A. and J. J. Alonso. "Airfoil Design Optimization using Reduced Order Models Based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition." AIAA Paper 2000-2545. Alexandrov, N., J. E. Dennis, R. M. Lewis和V. Torczon. 〈一种管理最优化中逼近模型使用的可信域框架〉，《 NASA CR-201745, ICASE报告 No. 97-50》，October 1997. Alexandrov, N., J. E. Dennis, R. M. Lewis and V. Torczon. "A Trust Region Framework for Managing the use of Approximation Models in Optimization." NASA CR-201745, ICASE Report No. 97-50, October 1997. Gill, P. E., W. Murray和M. H. Wright.《优化实践》 . Academic Press, 1986. Gill, P. E., W. Murray and M. H. Wright. Practical Optimization. Academic Press, 1986. Vanderplaats, G. N.〈工程优化中的数值最优化技术〉，《Vanderplaats研发》, 1999. Vanderplaats, G. N. Numerical Optimization Techniques for Engineering Design. Vanderplaats R&D, 1999.
28	客席演讲2 Guest Lecture 2 通用汽车中的MDO MDO at General Motors (IFAD/CDQM)
29	实验3：多目标最优化（续） Lab 3: Multiobjective Optimization
单元4：实行问题和实际应用 Module 4: Implementation Issues and Real World Applications
30	稳健设计 Robust Design 概率统计回顾，概率密度函数，可靠性分析，Taguchi稳健设计方法，稳健设计最优化中的计算问题 Review of Probability and Statistics, Probability Density Functions, Reliability Analysis, Taguchi Robust Design Method, Computational Issues in Robust Design Optimization
31	开放实验 Open Lab
32	可视化技术 Visualization Techniques 执行最优化过程中的收敛，目标向量和活动约束集的监视，多变量绘图技术：雷达绘图、地毯绘图和浮雕绘图 Convergence, Objective Vector and Active Constraint Set Monitoring during Optimization Execution, Multivariable Plotting Techniques: Radar Plots, Carpet Plots and Glyphs 与动态（几何）设计展示的最优化链接 Linking of Optimization to Dynamic (Geometric) Design Representation
33	计算策略 Computational Strategies 并行计算，网格计算，编译vs.解释语言 Parallel Computing, Grid Computing, Compiled versus Interpretive Languages	斯坦福大学课程 Stanford University Course 数值最优化中的并行方法 Parallel Methods in Numerical Analysis Juan Alonso教授 Prof. Juan Alonso
34	开放实验 Open Lab
35	项目陈述I Project Presentations I
36	项目陈述II Project Presentations II
37	项目陈述III Project Presentations III
38	价值设计 Design for Value 净现值，什么是价值、怎样衡量价值，怎样按照价值进行设计，一个价值框架 Net Present Value, What is Value and How Do We Quantify It? How Do We Design For Value? A Value Framework 成本模型，收益模型，来自飞机、航天飞机和汽车工程的例子 Cost Models, Revenue Models, Examples from Aircraft, Spacecraft and Automotive Engineering
39	课程总结 Course Summary 提供课程总结和重点，将学过的内容划分成原理、方法和工具等几类，提供课程结束后进一步学习的资源链接，留出时间给学生反馈及对课程的批评等 Provide Summary and Highlights of Course, Classify Materials Learned as either Principles, Methods or Tools, Give Pointers to Resources for Further Individual Learning after the Course, Give Time for Student Feedback, Course Critique