【In a Grain of Sand】－ 学习的自由化 Triatno Yudo Harjoko，印尼

自美国麻省理工学院宣布启动开放式课程计划（OpenCourseWare），正式将其校内教学资源公开与全世界分享之后，这项无私的创举所引起了种种的效应，首先就是对于当前全世界的高等教育带来极大的冲击，越来越多世界级的杰出大学纷纷响应，使之俨然成为一种“运动”；在全世界许多高等教育管理者还在思考开放式课程运动的冲击之时，高等教育的教育者们发出的是肯定认同之声，并纷纷表达对麻省理工学院这项创举的感谢，这些声音来自全世界各个角落，是涟漪、是回响，更是人类文明往前迈进的脚步声…。佛陀说：“一沙一世界”，William Blake也写道：“To see a world in a grain of sand…”，我们要从这些来自世界各地的小故事中，来看这个世界正在如何地改变，以下即是来自麻省理工学院尚未公开的第一手资讯：

educator, east asia
教育家，东亚

Triatno Yudo Harjoko
Depok, Indonesia
印尼，迪玻克

迪玻克印尼大学（University of Indonesia）校友和建筑系教授。目前是建筑系主任。设计了大学校园的几座建筑物，包括大学清真寺（University Mosque）。

USE
． Utilizing OCW syllabus and pedagogical models to help redesign the learning process to a more student-centered process
– ”…encouraging students to learn by themselves, and to be both critical and creative.”
– “We try to understand how the MIT courses are formulated and what the expected outcomes are. This gives us an important perspective on the learning process.”

使用
 使用开放式课程计划（OCW）中的教学课程表和教学方法来帮助重新设计课程，使之成为一个更以学生为中心的学习过程。
－ “．．．鼓励学生自己学习，并且变得更加具有批判性思考及更有创意。”
－ “我们试着了解麻省理工学院课程是如何被规划的，和预期的结果是什么。这给予我们一个学习过程上重要的展望。”

IMPACT
． “I was surprised that such a renowned university as MIT would freely give access to almost all of its educational information to the world. This is important, because critical thinking and creativity demand the liberalization of learning and information. But I also believe that it’s not simply the information that’s valuable, but also the glimpse it offers into how MIT has structured its teaching and research to become such a prestigious institution.”

影响
 “我很意外和惊讶像麻省理工学院这么有声望的大学竟会免费释出其几乎所有的教育资讯管道给全世界。这是非常重要的，因为批判性的思考与创意需要学习与资讯的自由化。但是我也相信不只资讯本身是有价值的，它并且能够窥见麻省理工学院如何架构其教学与研究来成为如此有名望的学术机构。”

The Liberation of Learning
学习的自由化

Triatno Yudo Harjoko，印尼大学，迪玻克

Triatno Yudo Harjoko has a long and close association with the University of Indonesia in Depok, Indonesia. A graduate of the institution, Harjoko has also been a professor of architecture at the school since 1979, and is currently head of the architecture department. In addition, Harjoko has designed several of the university’s buildings, including the expansive Faculty of Engineering complex, and the stunning University Mosque.

Triatno Yudo Harjoko和位于印尼迪玻克的印尼大学有长久密切的关联。毕业于此学院，自一九七九年起Harjoko也开始担任该校建筑系的教授，目前是建筑系主任。此外，Harjoko设计了该大学的几座建筑物，包括广阔的工学院教职员综合设施和令人绝倒的大学清真寺（University Mosque）。

Harjoko characterizes the learning atmosphere at the University of Indonesia as primarily a one-way street, in which professors are assumed to be knowledge-bearers, and students are expected to master a predetermined knowledge base. This approach, while typical of many Indonesian institutions, is something that Harjoko has been attempting to change in his department. Together with his colleagues, Harjoko is redesigning the teaching model, moving toward an active, student-centered learning process. Harjoko describes the main goal in this transition as “encouraging students to learn by themselves, and to be both critical and creative.”

Harjoko描绘在印尼大学中的学习气氛特性像是是一条单行道，在大学里教授被认为是知识挑夫，而学生被期望去熟稔预定好的知识基础。虽然这是许多印尼学校机构的典型做法，却是Harjoko一直试图在他的系上去做改变的事；Harjoko正在和他的同僚一起重新设计教学模式，将其调整为一个更加主动且以学生为中心的学习过程。Harjoko表示这样的转变主要的目的是为了“鼓励学生自己主动学习，并且能够兼具批判性思考以及创意。”

In the redesign process, MIT’s OpenCourseWare—to which Harjoko was introduced by a colleague several years ago— has served as an immense comparative database for Harjoko and his fellow professors. Rather than directly transposing OCW syllabi to University of Indonesia courses, Harjoko and his colleagues have been scrutinizing MIT’s courses to better understand how they were designed and developed. “We try to understand how the MIT courses are formulated,” Harjoko explains, “and what the expected outcomes are. This gives us an important perspective on the learning process.” Two courses for which this approach has been particularly helpful, he adds, are architectural theory and structure.

在重新设计的过程当中，麻省理工学院的“开放式课程计划”（MIT OCW）-- 数年前由一位同僚介绍给Harjoko -- 成为Harjoko和他的同工教授一个绝佳的比较性数据库。与其直接转移OCW教学课程表到印尼大学的课程上，Harjoko和他的同僚宁愿更加详细地研讨麻省理工学院的课程是如何被设计和发展的。Harjoko解释道：“我们试着了解麻省理工学院课程是如何被规划形成的，以及其预期的成果是什么；这个在学习过程上给了我们一个重要的观点。”他并补充说，这个做法对于建筑理论和建筑结构两个课程特别有帮助。

“I was surprised and amazed that such a renowned university as MIT would freely give access to almost all of its educational information to the world,” continues Harjoko. “This is important, because critical thinking and creativity demand the liberalization of learning and information. But I also believe that it’s not simply the information that’s valuable, but also the glimpse it offers into how MIT has structured its teaching and research to become such a prestigious institution.”

Harjoko继续说:“我很意外和惊讶像麻省理工学院这么有声望的大学竟会免费释出几乎所有的教育资讯管道给全世界。这是很重要的，因为批判性思考与创意需要学习和资讯的自由化。但是我也相信不只资讯本身是有价值的，它并且能够窥见麻省理工学院如何架构其教学与研究来成为如此有名望的学术机构。”

【翻译：胡懿琴 / 编辑：侯嘉珏】
※ 感谢麻省理工学院提供以上资料与图片 / Image and content courtesy of MIT